The Artin‐Schreier theorem says that every formally real field has orders. Friedman, Simpson and Smith showed in [6] that the Artin‐Schreier theorem is equivalent to WKL 0 over RCA 0 . We first prove that the generalization of the Artin‐Schreier theorem to noncommutative rings is equivalent to WKL 0 over RCA 0 . In the theory of orderings on rings, following an idea of Serre, we often show the existence

We study and characterize stability, the negation of the independence property (NIP) and the negation of the strict order property (NSOP) in terms of topological and measure theoretical properties of classes of functions. We study a measure theoretic property, Talagrand's stability , and explain the relationship between this property and the NIP in continuous logic. Using a result of Bourgain, Fremlin

A quasivariety K of algebras has the joint embedding property (JEP) if and only if it is generated by a single algebra A . It is structurally complete if and only if the free ℵ0‐generated algebra in K can serve as A . A consequence of this demand, called ‘passive structural completeness’ (PSC), is that the nontrivial members of K all satisfy the same existential positive sentences. We prove that if

In this paper we analyse some questions concerning trees on κ, both for the countable and the uncountable case, and the connections with Cohen reals. In particular, we provide a proof for one of the implications left open in [6, Question 5.2] about the diagram for regularity properties.

We study the complexity of the classification problem for countable models of set theory ( ZFC ). We prove that the classification of arbitrary countable models of ZFC is Borel complete, meaning that it is as complex as it can conceivably be. We then give partial results concerning the classification of countable well‐founded models of ZFC .

We give a new proof of a theorem of Shelah which states that for every family of labeled trees, if the cardinality κ of the family is much larger (in the sense of large cardinals) than the cardinality λ of the set of labels, more precisely if the partition relation κ → ( ω ) λ < ω holds, then there is a homomorphism from one labeled tree in the family to another. Our proof uses a characterization of

Inclusion logic is a variant of dependence logic that was shown to have the same expressive power as positive greatest fixed‐point logic. Inclusion logic is not axiomatisable in full, but its first order consequences can be axiomatized. In this paper, we provide such an explicit partial axiomatization by introducing a system of natural deduction for inclusion logic that is sound and complete for first

Following a line of research initiated in [4], we describe a general framework for turning reduction concepts of relative computability into diagrams forming an analogy with the Cichoń diagram for cardinal characteristics of the continuum. We show that working from relatively modest assumptions about a notion of reduction, one can construct a robust version of such a diagram. As an application, we

We discuss a system of strengthenings of “ ℵ ω is Jónsson” indexed by real numbers, and identify a strongest one. We give a proof of a theorem of Silver and show that there is a barrier to weakening its hypothesis.

We establish the choice property, a weak analogue of definable choice, for certain tame expansions of o‐minimal structures. Most noteworthily, this property holds for dense pairs of real closed fields, as well as for expansions of o‐minimal structures by a dense independent set.

We show that ZF + DC + “all Turing invariant sets of reals have the perfect set property” implies that all sets of reals have the perfect set property. We also show that this result generalizes to all countable analytic equivalence relations.

Dear readers of Mathematical Logic Quarterly: Dr Hugo Nobrega has been the Editorial Assistant of our journal for four years, from 2016 to 2019, and has now handed over to his successor, Dr Thomas Piecha from the Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, who started to work for the journal on New Year's Day 2020. We thank Hugo for four years of excellent service for the journal and welcome Thomas as our

We study the R‐torsion‐free part of the Ziegler spectrum of an order Λ over a Dedekind domain R. We underline and comment on the role of lattices over Λ. We describe the torsion‐free part of the spectrum when Λ is of finite lattice representation type.

We consider topological pairs ( A , B ) , B ⊆ A , which have computable type, which means that they have the following property: if X is a computable topological space and f : A → X a topological imbedding such that f ( A ) and f ( B ) are semicomputable sets in X, then f ( A ) is a computable set in X. It is known, e.g., that ( M , ∂ M ) has computable type if M is a compact manifold with boundary

We show that the types of the witnesses in the Herbrand functional interpretation can be simplified, avoiding the use of “sets of functionals” in the interpretation of implication and universal quantification. This is done by presenting an alternative formulation of the Herbrand functional interpretation, which we show to be equivalent to the original presentation. As a result of this investigation

We give a model of set theory in which the strongly non‐stationary ideal over ℘ μ μ is weakly presaturated below some canonical set. Here μ is a regular uncountable cardinal. The model is the forcing extension with the Lévy collapse of a Woodin cardinal to the successor of μ. This improves on results of Goldring and of the first author.

We show that every countable ideal of degrees that are low for isomorphism is contained in a principal ideal of degrees that are low for isomorphism by adapting an exact pair construction. We further show that within the hyperimmune free degrees, lowness for isomorphism is entirely independent of computable traceability.

We show that the consistency of the theories ZF + ¬ AC ω + “ GCH holds below ℵ ω ” + “there is an injection f : ℵ ω + 2 → ℘ ( ℵ ω ) ” + “both □ ℵ ω ∗ and AP ℵ ω fail” and ZF + ¬ AC ω + “ GCH holds below ℵ ω ” + “there is an injection f : ℵ ω + 2 → ℘ ( ℵ ω ) ” + “ ℵ ω + 1 satisfies the tree property” follow from the appropriate supercompactness hypotheses. These provide answers in a choiceless context

Let Q p ∼ be the field of p‐adic numbers in the language of rings. In this paper we consider the theory of Q p ∼ expanded by two predicates interpreted by multiplicative subgroups α Z and β Z where α , β ∈ N are multiplicatively independent. We show that the theory of this structure interprets Peano arithmetic if α and β have positive p‐adic valuation. If either α or β has zero valuation we show that

Given an inner model W ⊂ V and a regular cardinal κ, we consider two alternatives for adding a subset to κ by forcing: the Cohen poset Add(κ, 1), and the Cohen poset of the inner model Add ( κ , 1 ) W . The forcing from W will be at least as strong as the forcing from V (in the sense that forcing with the former adds a generic for the latter) if and only if the two posets have the same cardinality

Let E ⊆ Q p n and T be a set‐valued map from E to Q p m . We prove that if T is p‐adic semi‐algebraic, lower semi‐continuous and T ( x ) is closed for every x ∈ E , then T has a p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous selection. In addition, we include three applications of this result. The first one is related to Fefferman's and Kollár's question on existence of p‐adic semi‐algebraic continuous solution

We introduce a two‐dimensional metric (interval) temporal logic whose internal and external time flows are dense linear orderings. We provide a suitable semantics and a sequent calculus with axioms for equality and extralogical axioms. Then we prove completeness and a semantic partial cut elimination theorem down to formulas of a certain type.

The set AC 0 ( F ) , the AC 0 closure of F, is the closure with respect to substitution and concatenation recursion on notation of a set of basic functions comprehending the set F. By improving earlier work, we show that AC 0 ( F ) is the substitution closure of a simple function set and characterize well‐known function complexity classes as the substitution closure of finite sets of simple functions