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From the Classroom to the African Newsroom: How Journalism Education Can Bridge the Gap between the Classroom and the Shrinking Newsroom African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey
Throughout the development of journalism, several groups have made efforts to gain access to voice and advance specific agendas. The current evolutionary phase of journalism has witnessed the democ...
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Humanitarian journalists: covering crises from a boundary zone African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Richard Stupart
Published in African Journalism Studies (Ahead of Print, 2024)
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Covering COVID-19 in the Global South: Political Position-Taking among Ugandan Journalists African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Ruth Moon
This study contributes to the study of news production in authoritarian systems by examining the signals of field position embedded in news content about a global crisis produced by journalists in ...
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Fact-checking the COVID-19 Infodemic in Sub-Saharan Africa African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Melissa Tully, Jane B. Singer
This study examines fact-checking of the misinformation about COVID-19 circulating in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2020. It uses thematic textual analysis to understand the geographic scope, sources, and ...
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Becoming a Journalist: Experiences of Trainee Journalists in Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2024-01-14 Stanley Tsarwe, Wellington Gadzikwa
Basing on reported experiences of trainee journalists at the University of Zimbabwe on completing their work-related industrial internship, we give unique perspectives into challenges and contradic...
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Exploring Journalists’ Organizational Working Perceptions in the Ethiopian Local Media: A Focus on Amhara Media Corporation African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Abera Yenework Kebede, Adem Chanie Ali, Mulatu Alemayehu Moges
This study is aimed at analyzing journalists’ organizational working perceptions in the Ethiopian local media. The study covered six branches of Amhara Media Corporation (AMC). It applied explanato...
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Through the Media Looking Glass: Journalists’ Perceptions on South Africa’s Funded Environmental Journalism African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Trust Matsilele, Lungile Tshuma
Environmental journalism has passed through a plethora of iterations—from a reporting that was science-oriented to a reporting for popular publications focusing on the green. This qualitative study...
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African women in digital spaces: redefining social movements on the continent and in the diaspora African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Dinfin Mulupi
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 44, No. 1, 2023)
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African language media African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Manfred Antwi Kofi Asuman
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 44, No. 1, 2023)
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The Future of Television in the Global South; Reflections from Selected Countries African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Job Allan Wefwafwa
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 44, No. 1, 2023)
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Media Coverage of Women’s Involvement in the #EndSARS Protest Movement in Nigeria African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-08-24 Eugene Emeka Dim
In October 2020, anger among Nigerian citizens about violence being perpetrated by the notorious Special Anti-Robbery Squad (SARS) erupted in a series of virtual and in-person protests. Nigerian wo...
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The Message, the Medium and the Means of Argumentation: Towards a More Holistic Approach to the Rhetorical Criticism of Television News Reports African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-08-17 Sisanda Nkoala
This paper argues for developing a more holistic approach to the rhetorical analysis to understand the persuasive communicative work being done by television news as rhetors replicating and perform...
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Correction African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-07-26
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 4, 2022)
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Decolonising journalism education: critical perspectives African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-07-23 Pheladi Sethusa
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 4, 2022)
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Radio and Social Media as A Two-Way Communication Tool in Conflict- and Pandemic-Affected Communities in Burkina Faso African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-05-08 Emma Heywood, Lassané Yaméogo
ABSTRACT The article draws on the concepts of “felt needs” and “politics of listening” widely used in community development and applies them more broadly to the humanitarian crisis suffered by internally displaced persons in Burkina Faso. It investigates the two-way communication stream between radio journalists and listeners drawing on feedback collected remotely from 153 representatives of internally
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Media Framing of the First Administration of Devolution in Kenya African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Jimmy Ochieng
ABSTRACT The current research, which content analysed 565 news stories in the Daily Nation and The Standard, examined media framing of devolution in Kenya between 2013 and 2017. It examined the most dominant frame in the four-year coverage of devolution, whether the coverage used episodic or thematic framing, and whether the tone of newspaper reports was positive or negative. Findings show that the
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Code Mixing in Kwayedza: Language Subversion and the Existence of African Language Newspapers African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Phillip Mpofu
ABSTRACT African language press plays important linguistic roles including language development, maintenance and pedagogy. However, Zimbabwe’s African language press has struggled to exist in a highly competitive print media market dominated by English language newspapers. For that reason, they have resorted to eccentric reporting styles including code mixing. Although this linguistic practice is perceived
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Mediatization and Politics in Nigeria: A Review African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Laura Cervi, Santiago Tejedor, Chiogo Constance Ikokwu
ABSTRACT Mediatization has often been viewed as a western phenomenon with scholars focusing largely on the relationship between the media and politics, especially in the United States and Europe where the concept originated. However, globalization and its attendant impacts have allowed for the intercourse of ideas and disciplines across borders. The concept of mediatization is not an exception in this
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Demographic Differences in Digital News Literacy in East Africa African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Meghan Sobel Cohen, Karen McIntyre, Brian Semujju, Kioko Ireri, Emmanuel Munyarukumbuzi
ABSTRACT Nations across Africa have seen substantial growth in technological advancements, including Internet and cell phone access. This growth has been unevenly experienced and has come with some unintended consequences, including the spread of mis- and disinformation. Previous research suggests that misinformation and disinformation are growing problems in the pockets across the region where research
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Media, ethnicity, and electoral conflicts in Kenya African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-12-13 Irene Awino
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 3, 2022)
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“I’m Described as Good Journalist Because I Am ‘Tough’”: How Femininity Is Still Considered a Weakness in Zimbabwean Newsrooms African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-11-17 Sibongile Mpofu
ABSTRACT This paper investigates journalism practice and newsroom cultures in both private and state media companies in Zimbabwe. The paper moves beyond the gender body count to analyse journalists’ cultural interpretations of their everyday work and actions and how this contributes to the structuring of power relations in the newsrooms. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 16 journalists
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Journalism and the Representation of Truth in the Nigerian Postcolonial Literature African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-11-09 Samuel Chinaza Ikueze, Onyemuche Anele Ejesu
ABSTRACT The connections between literature and journalism have remained grounds of severe contestation. The arguments border on importance and availability of connections between literature and journalism. Both sides recognise truth as their subject. However, whereas literature tells truth by reinventing its environment (defamiliarisation), journalism tells truth as it is. Literature and journalism
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The Incompleteness of Knowledge Production: An Interview with Francis Nyamnjoh African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-09-21 Herman Wasserman
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 3, 2022)
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“Fake News” and Multiple Regimes of “Truth” During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Lyton Ncube, Admire Mare
ABSTRACT Debates around the sociocultural phenomenon known as “fake news” have gathered storm since the 2016 US Presidential elections. Our study problematises the notion of “truth” in a politically polarised and trust-deficit Zimbabwean society, where audiences are balkanised and pigeonholed into predefined filter bubbles. In order to make sense of this phenomenon during the height of the COVID-19
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Does Black Economic Empowerment Ownership Matter? A Decolonial Analysis of “Black Visibility” in South Africa’s Print Media Content, 1994–2014 African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Prinola Govenden
ABSTRACT Ownership is identified as one of the major factors that influence the production of news. South Africa’s print media transformation situation presents an important Global South case study for journalism debates about ownership effects on news. The country’s media transformation agenda is based on the premise that transformation of ownership will automatically lead to a transformation of content
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Searching for a New Kenya: politics and social media on the streets of Mombasa African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Job Mwaura
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 2, 2022)
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Newsroom Disruptions and Opportunities in Times of Crisis: Analysing Southern African Media During the COVID-19 Crisis African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-06-08 Albert Chibuwe, Allen Munoriyarwa, Gilbert Motsaathebe, Sarah Chiumbu, William Lesitaokana
ABSTRACT The COVID-19 pandemic currently ravaging the world has brought massive disruptions to every facet of life. However, a crisis can present revolutionary change and growth opportunities for both individuals and institutions. This study is a cross-country study that examines the disruptions and opportunities that the pandemic has wrought to mainstream news reporting practices. Utilising data from
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Technology Innovation and Digital Journalism Practice by Indigenous African-language Newspapers: The Case of uMthunywa in Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Thulani Tshabangu, Abiodun Salawu
ABSTRACT This paper analyses institutional, contextual and human agency factors that affect technology innovation and adoption of digital journalism practices by indigenous African-language newspapers focusing on uMthunywa, Zimbabwe. uMthunywa, a legacy newspaper, positions itself as a digital-only news outlet after it was forced to stop printing in May 2020 due to a hotchpotch of political economy
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The Mediatization of Politics in Cameroon: A Political Actor-Centric Approach African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-04-04 Christian Nounkeu Tatchou
ABSTRACT This article examines the connection between political parties’ perceptions of the importance of news media as source of political information, and the extent to which they adapt their communications to the standards, routines, formats and logic of the news media in Cameroon. This, with the objective of being attractive to the news media and gain coverage. The contextual focus of the study
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Political Economy, Ethnocentrism and big Brother Mentality in Framing Xenophobia: South African, Zimbabwean and Nigerian Newspapers African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-16 Danford Zirugo
ABSTRACT Using textual analysis, this study compares and contrasts how newspapers from Zimbabwe, Nigeria and South Africa—countries at the centre of the September 2019 xenophobic attacks in South Africa—under different ownership patterns defined the problem of xenophobia, its causes and solutions. Understanding how xenophobia was framed is important, for it has implications on policy formulations in
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Mixing “Nonsense with Substance”: Negotiating Satirical and Investigative Journalism Hybrid Genre in Nigeria African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-03-04 Jude Nwakpoke Ogbodo
ABSTRACT Journalism has witnessed steady transformations over the years. Peripheral actors’ intrusion into the mainstream journalism practice has added extra layers to our understanding of these changes. This study examines the interplay between satirical journalism and investigative journalism in Nigerian setting. The study employs a semistructured interview to evaluate how satirical and investigative
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News in the Digital Age: A Case Study of CITE as a Digital Public Sphere in Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-25 Nqobile T. Ndzinisa, Carolyne M. Lunga, Mphathisi Ndlovu
ABSTRACT There is growing scholarship on how social media are shaping the practice and performance of mainstream media organisations. Platforms such as Facebook and Twitter provide journalists with information and sources on issues happening across the globe. Journalists and news organisations are appropriating social media tools to generate story ideas and interact with audiences. Concerns about the
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Towards a Journalism for Justice: A Normative Overture African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-25 Phillip Santos, Khulekani Ndlovu
ABSTRACT In thinking about how African journalism can serve society better, one has to pay attention to the moment in which humanity finds itself today. Arguably one of the most exigent issues in contemporary society is that of social justice, whose dimensions have been exposed by the denudational forces of an equally potent malignant force, the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the crucial role of the media
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The Practice of Citizen Journalism at Kibera News Network African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-23 Job Mwaura
ABSTRACT Citizen journalism is the practice of an ordinary person or a group of ordinary people in the process of collecting, reporting, analysing and disseminating news information. These practices have been necessitated by, among other things, increased global digitization. Over the years, citizen journalism has been regarded as illegitimate, unprofessional, unconsolidated, uncoordinated and even
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The Rise of Peripheral Actors in Media Regulation in South Africa: An Entry of Social Media Mob(s) African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-21 Rofhiwa Felicia Mukhudwana
ABSTRACT This article discusses the nature of social media mobs as an informal regulation of journalism by exploring selected cases. To a limited degree, social media mobs are already in practice without standardisation and compliance. It is therefore essential to study and theorise about the informal regulation of journalism by social media mobs than to dismiss them as useless trolls. This paper is
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Competing or Complimentary Actors in the Journalistic Field? An Analysis of the Mediation of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Mainstream and Peripheral Content Creators in Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-17 Wishes Tendayi Mututwa, Admire Mare
ABSTRACT Unlike previous pandemics and epidemics, the ever-mutating coronavirus (also known as COVID-19) has attracted the attention of both the mainstream and peripheral journalistic actors across the globe. Similar to professional journalists, peripheral actors produced and circulated locally specific public health information on COVID-19 and challenged state media narratives. This article, which
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Exploring Trust/Mistrust in Journalistic Practice: An Actor-network Analysis of a Kenyan Newsroom African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-17 Wambui Wamunyu
ABSTRACT The entry of non-traditional actors into aspects of journalistic practice has been widely explored in scholarship, as have expressions of the public’s trust in journalistic work. However, there is a scarcity of research addressing the construct of trust in relation to the interactions among traditional and non-traditional journalism actors engaged in news production. Through the use of actor-network
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Frames and Marginalisation of Counter-hegemonic Voices: Media Representation of the Land Debate in South Africa African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Mandla J. Radebe, Sarah H. Chiumbu
ABSTRACT The South African commercial press marginalises alternative and counter-hegemonic voices partly due to its location in the capitalist power structures. Notwithstanding its transformation post-apartheid, the ethos of this media remains rooted in apartheid-like economic and ideological rationalities. This media still functions within Western news values and a neoliberal paradigm; hence, the
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What is News? A Young Peoples’ Perspective in Kenya African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-13 Edwin Tallam
ABSTRACT This study investigates emerging news consumption patterns among a contingent of young people drawn from two public universities in Kenya. Guided by the relatively new concept of scalable sociality and emerging third wave of non-normative audience studies in sub-Saharan Africa, this study maps emerging news exposure avenues among young people in Kenya. Through a mixed approach, it specifically
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“Playing” in the Eyes of the Ferret Team: Examining the Use of Surveillance Strategies by Zimbabwean Journalists African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-09 Lungile A. Tshuma, Mbongeni J. Msimanga, Makhosi N. Sibanda
ABSTRACT The Zimbabwean state has in recent years stepped up its surveillance efforts on citizens, civil society and journalists who are viewed as the “enemies of the state”. This state surveillance has been argued to infringe on citizens’ right to privacy and access to information. We are mindful that the “Second Republic” or the “New Dispensation” government has invested heavily in surveillance to
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“The New Sheriffs in Town”! Newspapers Visibility of Kenya’s First County Governors African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-02-04 Jimmy Ochieng, Kioko Ireri
ABSTRACT Content-analysing 2794 news stories in four national newspapers, the present study examines variables that predicted the coverage of 47 county governors between 2013 and 2017—the first term of Kenya’s devolved system of governance. Findings show that variables related to coverage as a “mirror of political reality” are the main predictors of the governors’ visibility in the newspapers news
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Making News with the Citizens! Audience Participation and News-making Practices at the AMH Group African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2022-01-12 Thulani Tshabangu
ABSTRACT This production-based ethnographic study investigates citizen participation and news-making practices at the Alpha Media Holdings (AMH) group in Zimbabwe. The focus is on the participation of ordinary citizens in previously closed journalistic processes and their everyday news-making practices at a professional news outlet. The study is anchored on the concepts of citizen participation and
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Subverting Journalistic Routines: When Political Satire Intervenes to Challenge Public Broadcasting National Discourses African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Danford Zirugo
ABSTRACT Comparing and contrasting the journalistic routines that manifest in a Zimbabwean political satire show, The Week with Cde Fatso, and those manifesting in content from the Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation Television, the study argues that political satire’s alternativeness as a form of journalism lies in its journalistic role performance. By subverting conventional journalistic routines,
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Obituary: Arnold (Arrie) Stephanus de Beer. A Man with a Plan African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-25 Keyan G. Tomaselli
(2021). Obituary: Arnold (Arrie) Stephanus de Beer. A Man with a Plan. African Journalism Studies. Ahead of Print.
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Indigenous-language Media Research in Africa: Gains, Losses, Towards a New Research Agenda African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-11-25 Thulani Tshabangu, Abiodun Salawu
ABSTRACT Research on indigenous-language media in Africa is often neglected for several reasons, such as an obsession with research on mainstream media that uses colonial languages of English, French and Portuguese and a general lack of scholarly interest. This semi-systematic review paper looks at the research trajectory of the last two decades, identifying gaps and proposing a new research agenda
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African Journalism Studies: Mapping four Decades of African Journalism and Media Research African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-10-13 Wallace Chuma
(2021). African Journalism Studies: Mapping four Decades of African Journalism and Media Research. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, AJS@40: Mapping four decades of African Journalism and Media Research, pp. 1-3.
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“What is the News About Journalism?” An Interview with Arnold S. de Beer African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-13 Herman Wasserman
Abstract This article is in the form of an interview between the Founding Editor of Ecquid Novi: African Journaism Studies, Professor Arnold S. de Beer, and his successor and current Editor-in-Chief, Professor Herman Wasserman. The interview covers the founding of the journal, its development and its current standing in the field, as well as highlights of De Beer's long involvement with the journal
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How Government Responses to Misinformation in Africa Restrict Freedom of Expression and Do Little to Tackle the Problem African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-09-15 Peter Cunliffe-Jones
(2021). How Government Responses to Misinformation in Africa Restrict Freedom of Expression and Do Little to Tackle the Problem. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, AJS@40: Mapping four decades of African Journalism and Media Research, pp. 121-125.
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Propositions for Decolonising African Journalism and Media Research African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-10-13 Selina Linda Mudavanhu
(2021). Propositions for Decolonising African Journalism and Media Research. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, AJS@40: Mapping four decades of African Journalism and Media Research, pp. 126-131.
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Making News Outside Legacy Media African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-10-02 David Cheruiyot,j. Siguru Wahutu,Admire Mare,George Ogola,Hayes Mawindi Mabweazara
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Through the Lens of a Camera: Photojournalism and the Crises of Zimbabwe’s “Second Republic” African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-09-17 Lungile Augustine Tshuma
ABSTRACT This paper explores the role of photojournalism in mediating Zimbabwe’s crises in the “Second Republic”. It uses the case study of Auntony Zinyange’s photographs to examine the use of photographs to portray the “Second Republic”. While photographs are credited for being “authentic”, “factual” and “record undisputed evidence”, this study, informed by the constructionist approach in photography
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Solutions Journalism as a Tool to Erode Polarisation in the Media and Society African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Theodora Dame Adjin-Tettey, Anthea Garman
ABSTRACT In many African countries where people are brutally divided along ethnic, political and religious lines, a polarised media is likely to worsen the status quo. In this reflective essay, we explore what solutions journalism is and make a case for its application in journalism practice. We argue that the application of the six approaches to reporting on issues that polarise society has the potential
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Participatory Journalism in Africa: Digital News Engagement and User Agency in the South African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-27 Glenda Daniels
Published in African Journalism Studies (Vol. 43, No. 2, 2022)
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African language digital media and communication African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-23 Gilbert Motsaathebe
(2021). African language digital media and communication. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 132-135.
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Towards a Decolonised South African Journalism History African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Gawie Botma
(2021). Towards a Decolonised South African Journalism History. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, AJS@40: Mapping four decades of African Journalism and Media Research, pp. 117-120.
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Journalism, the Coming of Television, and the New South Africa African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-08-03 Ian Glenn
(2021). Journalism, the Coming of Television, and the New South Africa. African Journalism Studies: Vol. 42, AJS@40: Mapping four decades of African Journalism and Media Research, pp. 114-116.
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Pɔhim Zuɣu: Understanding Indigenous Language News Audiences in Ghana African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-12 Wunpini Fatimata Mohammed
ABSTRACT Although there is scant audience research in media studies, audiences continue to be key drivers in the political economy of media in Africa and elsewhere. The study explores the dynamics of indigenous language news audiences’ listening habits, how their information-seeking habits are shaped by personal values and the ways in which their participation in civic engagement reinforces their media
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The (Other) Anglophone Problem: Charting the Development of a Journalism Subfield African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 David Cheruiyot
ABSTRACT To mark the 40th Anniversary of African Journalism Studies, it is important to reflect on its contribution to a subfield the journal has built. This essay gives a broad overview of the African journalism subfield’s developments and addresses the journal’s most notable achievements and shortcomings.
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The Historicity of Media Regulation in Zambia; Examining the Proposed Statutory Self-Regulation African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Youngson Ndawana, Joanne Knowles, Christopher Vaughan
ABSTRACT The media in Zambia have been in a state of uncertainty since Zambia reinstated democratic governance in the early 1990s. Despite promising initial steps to deregulate the media that started under President Chiluba’s government in the mid-1990s, achieving these objectives in successive years has proved difficult. Successive governments have exhibited increasing aversion towards free and independent
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Subordinating Freedom of Expression to Human Dignity: Promoting or Undermining Journalism—A Case of Zimbabwe African Journalism Studies (IF 1.673) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 Danford Zirugo
ABSTRACT Motivated by a 2014 Constitutional Court opinion that under Zimbabwe’s new constitution of 2013, freedom of expression might have to be considered as subordinate to human dignity, the study analyses the implications of this on journalistic practice. The study argues that such a move would undermine watchdog journalism, thereby limiting people’s freedom of expression right to receive information