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A Contrarian Muʿtazilite Theologian/Poet’s Guide to Fine Poetry: Al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar (d. 293/906) and How to Write Inimitable Poems Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Hacı Osman Gündüz
Boasting of one’s poetic talents was hardly an uncommon feature in Arabic poetry. Poets sang praises for their craft and exalted themselves over their rivals. They sometimes moved beyond braggadocio, however, explaining the particular attributes that made their poetry of unmatched quality. Al-Nāshiʾ al-Akbar (d. 293/906) was one such poet who declared his poetry to be an inimitable product defined
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Hold Fast the Reins and Be Guided: Embodied Expressions of Taqwā in Prophetic Hadith and Orations of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Erin Atwell
This essay examines the interplay of form and content in early Islamic expressions of taqwā (translated variously as piety, or fear or consciousness of God), with a primary focus on prophetic hadith and the orations of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib. Through this analysis, two major observations can be made. First, expressions of taqwā in these sources are indelibly corporeal, articulated through forms of bodily
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New Data Concerning the Historical Development of the Frame Tale of the Nights Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Ulrich Marzolph
The anonymous thirteenth-century Arabic compilation of wisdom texts, Fiqar al-ḥukamāʾ, contains a hitherto not discussed version of narrative elements that are otherwise known from the frame tale of the Nights, notably both The Thousand and One Nights and its shorter Maghrebi sibling, The Hundred and One Nights. As the Fiqar al-ḥukamāʾ is little known, the present contribution at first introduces the
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The Shahrazād of Sablakh Speaks in Many Tongues Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Rachel Green
Shlūmū al-kurdī wa-anā wa-l-zaman (Shlūmū al-Kurdī, Myself and Time) (2004) is the final novel of Iraqi-Jewish author Samīr Naqqāsh. Considering the text in light of the cultural politics of memory and articulation, this article posits the novel as a true fabrication of a fictionalized memoir. By thematizing aspects of speech, movement and scriptural ecumenism within an Islamicate cultural memory,
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Following the Pipeline: Petro-phantoms in Fāḍil al-ʿAzzāwī’s The Last of the Angels (1992) and Imīl Ḥabībī’s Saraya, the Ogre’s Daughter (1991) Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-09-22 Charis Olszok
Contributing to the fields of eco- and petro-criticism, this article argues for significant connections in the Arabic novel between fantastical and uncanny aesthetics, on the one hand, and ecological awareness and energy anxiety on the other. Moving from nation-based comparisons, in recognition of how energy ecologies similarly traverse sovereign borders, it does so through Iraqi author Fāḍil al-ʿAzzāwī’s
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ʿAbdullāh al-ʿArwī’s ʾAwrāq: sīrat Idrīs al-dhihniyyah and the Aesthetics-Politics Dialectic Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Anouar El Younssi
This article discusses the politics of form in ʿAbdullāh al-ʿArwī’s 1989 ʾAwrāq: sīrat Idrīs al-dhihniyyah (Papers: Idrīs’s Intellectual Biography), an important contribution to Moroccan experimental literature in the postcolonial era. Together with Muḥammad Barrādah’s 1987 novel Luʿbat al-nisyān (The Game of Forgetting, 1996), Awrāq consolidated the experimental turn in the Moroccan literary scene
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Ghassān Kanafānī’s Children: Agency and Contingency Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Ismail Nashef
One of the major premises of Arab (post)colonial modernity is that the child could be a key bearer of change for a better future for the society. For the child to be successful as a bearer of change, she must first be transformed into a modern subject. In this article, I present the Palestinian case to explore this premise, examining the nature of the child as a modern subject with a particular type
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“The Intellect is the Essence of the Human”: The Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (1888–1965) Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Tahera Qutbuddin, Aziz Qutbuddin
The 177-verse Arabic Poem of the Intellect (Qaṣīdat al-ʿAql) composed by the Indian Fatimid-Ṭayyibī Dāʿī al-Muṭlaq Sayyidna Taher Saifuddin (d. 1385/1965) breaks new ground in substance and form. In form, the poem creatively amalgamates the genres of qaṣīdah (poem), risālah (treatise), and waṣiyyah (testament) to produce an eloquent and innovative hybrid text. In content, it uniquely combines a philosophical
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Islamic Historiography as Polemic Literature: Deconstructing Biographies of Medieval Jewish Converts Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Amir Mazor
This article considers biographical material on Jewish converts authored by Muslim historians, primarily in Mamluk Egypt and Syria from the 13th to 15th centuries, enumerating and analyzing its recurring themes. Among its key findings is that the motifs found in this material are consonant with Islamic theological perceptions of other faith-based groups, especially the Jews. These themes also reflect
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Jarīr and al-Farazdaq’s Naqāʾiḍ Performance Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Cory Jorgensen
This article considers the flytings poetry (naqāʾiḍ) of Jarīr and al-Farazdaq (both d. circa 728 CE), which they performed over a period of decades in Basra, Iraq. Described as more entertaining than earlier (pre-Islamic) naqāʾiḍ, why the duo performed this “entertaining” poetry remains a question. I argue that the poets’ goal was to “win” the lampooning contest by amusing their audience. The result
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Narrative in Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Shatha Almutawa
This article examines the narratives that appear in the encyclopedic Rasāʾil Ikhwān al-Ṣafāʾ (Epistles of the Brethren of Purity). Written in the tenth century, this multi-layered Neoplatonic work contains over 40 narratives—parables, allegories, fables, animal tales, and dialogues. These narratives serve multiple purposes, including the elucidation and illustration of ethical, philosophical, religious
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An Outline of a Plagiarism Controversy from the Abbasid Era: Al-Sarī l-Raffāʾ vs. the Khālidī Brothers Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Erez Naaman
One of the bitterest plagiarism controversies recorded in the medieval Arabic sources concerned the poet al-Sarī l-Raffāʾ and the two poets known as the Khālidī brothers. Based on the surviving evidence, this article examines closely the dispute between both parties in Iraq and Syria of the fourth/tenth century and the various ways in which it engaged others, including very prominent figures of the
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Power, Narrative, and Magical Realism in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Mervat Aljomaa
This article examines the narrative and literary techniques employed in Hudā Ḥamad’s Sindrīllāt Masqaṭ to draw on Omani women’s experiences of writing and speaking as sources of empowerment and narrative identity. Marking a shift from the dominant realistic and historical fiction often associated with male writers, Ḥamad experiments with magical realism, the carnivalesque, intertextuality, and
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Adab as a Way of Life: Towards an Ethical Turn in History Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Dahlia Gubara, Alexis Wick
Like ancient philosophy in Pierre Hadot’s conception, the polysemic notion of adab in the Arabic-Islamic tradition was a way of life, and not merely a scholarly discipline or cultural field. This essay explores this proposition in reference to the life and work of the Palestinian historian Ṭarīf al-Khālidī, where adab has been a central locus of reflection. Although steeped in present-day historical
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Al-Balādhurī’s Prophet’s Biography: Narrative in Service of Politics Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Mohammad A. Rihan
The monumental multi-volume work Ansāb al-ashrāf, authored by Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā al-Balādhurī, represents an intellectual edifice recognized by many scholars. However, this paper endeavors to discuss in depth the first volume of it, which al-Balādhurī dedicated to the life of the Prophet Muḥammad, and attempts to show that the underlying reasons for writing another biography of the Prophet—in an age where
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Byzantine Adab and Falsafah in 11th Century Antioch Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Samuel Noble
Both medieval Arab historians and modern Byzantinists have generally ignored the Arabophone cultural life of Antioch during its period under Byzantine rule from 969–1084 CE, preferring to equate Christian rule with Greek culture. Nevertheless, lay intellectuals closely connected to the Melkite Patriarchate of Antioch were active in promoting the translation of Greek patristic works into Arabic during
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From Diyārāt to Ziyārāt Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Dana Sajdi
This essay explores the relationship between two geographical and literary genres, the diyārāt (Books of Monasteries), which disappeared in the 11th century, and the ziyārāt (shrine pilgrimage guides), which appeared in the 13th century. The relationship is discussed in the context of the transformation of the Syrian sacred landscape, which became thoroughly Islamized through the erection of Islamic
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From Tukhmah to Wamḍah: The Literary Forum at the University of Aleppo, Its Critical Enterprise, and the New Poetics of Minimalism Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Daniel Behar
This essay presents a synoptic view and a critical synthesis of the activity of the Literary Forum at the University of Aleppo (1980–1986) with the aim of putting Aleppo on the map of modern Arabic literature. Serving as an intensive laboratory for literary and meta-literary production under political duress, the Forum is situated at a confluence of global cultural currents as well as at a turning
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Revisiting al-Ṭabarī on Maqtal ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib: An Early Report from Historical Learning to Practical Prescription Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Mariam Saeed El Ali
This paper examines the report (khabar) that relates the reasons behind the killing of ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 40/661), as transmitted in the famous History of al-Ṭabarī (d. 310/923), exploring its historical, poetical, and practical facets. After considering its formal and historiographical structure, the paper analyzes some of the report’s phonetical, lexical, and textual elements, revealing its affective
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The Way We See It: Poetic-Visual Reciprocity in Egyptian Street Art Since 2011 Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Eid Mohamed, Talaat Farouq Mohamed
This article traces the manifestations of the newly adapted artistic form of “calligraffiti,” or the synthetic braiding of poetry and graffiti on what became known as the “walls of protest” in post-2011 Egypt. This new mode of writing/drawing answers to the immediacy of an unprecedented revolutionary moment in Egypt and rewrites Egyptian history in peculiar artistic instantaneity. The image-text discursive
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The City in Arabic Literature: Classical and Modern Perspectives, edited by Nizar F. Hermes and Gretchen Head Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Nisrine Slitine El Mghari
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Ageing in the Modern Arabic Novel, written by Samira Aghacy Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Yasmine Khayyat
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The Poetry of Arab Women from the Pre-Islamic Age to Andalusia, written by Wessam Elmeligi Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Marlé Hammond
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Space in Modern Egyptian Fiction, written by Yasmine Ramadan Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Drew Paul
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In Good Faith: Arabic Translation and Translators in Early Modern Spain, written by Claire M. Gilbert Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Elizabeth L. Spragins
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Prophetic Translation: The Making of Modern Egyptian Literature, written by Maya Kesrouany Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Boutheina Khaldi
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Specters of World Literature: Orientalism, Modernity, and the Novel in the Middle East, written by Karim Mattar Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Haifa Saud Alfaisal
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Interrogating the Sacred: Radical Religious Revisionism, Agnosticism and Atheism in the Modern Arab World Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Ralph M. Coury
The article analyzes the thought of modern Arab Muslim and Christian critics of religion (believing radical and left liberal revisionists, agnostics, and atheists) who have challenged prevailing religious repertoires of both Islamists and their liberal opponents. Topics include: traditional Orientalist understandings of the fragile role of reason in Arab societies; the construction of religion in the
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Mutual Adversaries, Fellow Dissidents: Multilingual Dissent from Waṭṭār’s al-Zilzāl and Djaout’s Le Dernier Été de la raison Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Alejandra Padín-Dujon
In mid- to late 20th-century Algeria, the language in which an author wrote reflected more than personal preference: it indicated a political affiliation and a position within the culture wars that merged with the violent conflict of the 1990s. Taking the tension between francophone, arabophone, and pluralist factions in Algerian literature as its point of departure, this article sheds light on the
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Something as Essential as Life Itself: Ghassān Kanafānī’s Returning to Haifa as a Parable of the Integration of Trauma Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Pasquale Macaluso
Classic trauma theory has been criticized for ignoring the possibility of healing and growth for the traumatized, especially in a non-Western context. This reading of Ghassān Kanafānī’s Returning to Haifa tries to overcome such limitations by employing a framework that articulates Ibn Khaldūn’s thought on group feeling with Pierre Janet’s theory of trauma. Accordingly, the novel construes the Nakbah
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The Traditional Qaṣīdah and Kitāb al-Zahrah by Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣfahānī Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Iyas Nasser
This article examines the structural affinity between the traditional qaṣīdah and Kitāb al-Zahrah, an anthology of poetry compiled by Muḥammad Ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣfahānī (d. 297/910) that consists of one hundred chapters. While the first half is devoted to love poetry, the second half presents a number of different genres, beginning notably with panegyric religious poetry. Here I explore a significant passage
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Transmission and Transit in Contemporary Arabic Literature: Naql and Its Limits Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Drew Paul
In this essay, I use the concept of naql to connect textual transmission and physical movement in two contemporary Arabic fictional works that are structured around questions of the circulation of narratives and bodies: Khālid al-Khamīsī’s Tāksī, a fictional collection of tales about Cairo taxi drivers, and Aḥmad Saʿdāwī’s Frānkishtāyn fī Baghdād, which depicts a monster roaming the streets of Baghdad
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Children’s Leisure Reading in the Nahḍah Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Ami Ayalon
Children made up a substantial segment of the literate public that emerged during the Arab nahḍah period. Of these, an apparent minority applied skills they acquired in school to reading for pleasure or satisfying juvenile curiosity. This study explores the novel practice of Arab youth leisure-time reading as reported in retrospective memories and autobiographies. It reveals that during the nahḍah’s
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I Will Tell You My History: Rewriting to Revolt in the Process of al-Tārīkh al-badīl (Allohistory) Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Ada Barbaro
In an epoch of revival of the historical novel, Arabic literature tries to provide its own response to the construction of al-tārīkh al-badīl, namely “alternative history” or, also, allohistory which, as a literary genre, was originally a branch of science fiction. By proposing the idea of a counter-narration, the search for historical alternatives becomes a matter of great importance and responsibility
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It’s All Just Poetry: Writing ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿah’s Life Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Jonathan Lawrence
The relationship between poetry and the poet’s life is complex, and reading a poem for biographical material can become a problematic exercise that constrains a poem’s interpretative possibilities. When writing about ʿUmar ibn Abī Rabīʿah (d. 93AH/712AD or 103/721), biographers and historians have shown a marked ambivalence in this regard. In early anecdotal narratives about his life and romantic adventures
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A Man of Our Times: Muḥammad ibn Dāwūd al-Iṣbahānī’s Pioneering Vision of Male Love Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Jennifer Tobkin
The ghazal chapters of Muḥammad b. Dāwūd al-Iṣbahānī’s poetry anthology Kitāb al-Zahrah include 109 brief poems attributed to baʿḍ ahl hādhā al-ʿaṣr (a Man of Our Times). Ibn Dāwūd has conventionally been assumed to be the author of these poems. The “Man of Our Times” poems stand out among ‘Abbāsid ghazal because of their focus on justice, their appeals to reason, and their depiction of brotherly friendship
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Repurposing Romantic Drama in Late-Nineteenth-Century Egypt: Najīb al-Ḥaddād’s Arabizations of Victor Hugo Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Edward Ziter
At the end of the nineteenth century, Najīb al-Ḥaddād adapted two dramas by Victor Hugo for The Egyptian Patriotic Troupe. Al-Ḥaddād rewrote Hugo’s Hernani as Ḥamdān, transferring the story from the Spanish court of 1519 to Andalucía under ‘Abd al-Raḥmān II. Les Burgraves became Tha’rāt al-‘arab (Revenge of the Arabs), and transformed from a play about Barbarossa and the Holy Roman Empire into a play
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Arabic Oration. Art and Function, written by Tahera Qutbuddin Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Amidu Olalekan Sanni
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Imperial Mecca: Ottoman Arabia and the Indian Ocean Hajj, written by Michael Christopher Low Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Adam Sabra
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Portrait of an Eighth-Century Gentleman: Khālid ibn Ṣafwān in History and Literature, written by Jaakko Hämeen-Anttila Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-11-23 Geert Jan van Gelder
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Arabic Poetry in the Twenty-First Century: Translation and Multilingualism Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Huda J. Fakhreddine
This paper examines the work of a sample of contemporary Arab prose poets whose poetic investments exceed the linguistic parameters of previous generations. Unlike the pioneers of the prose poem in Arabic in the early 1960s, the poets of this generation are not interested in interrogating Arabic poetic language or reimagining Arabic literary history. Instead, these poets embrace the Arabic literary
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Country of Words: Palestinian Literature in the Digital Age of the Refugee Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Refqa Abu-Remaileh
The article reflects on how to embrace the unconventional, fragmented, scattered, transnational, exilic, and refugee elements of Palestinian Literature. Placing the refugees at the heart of the story of Palestinian literature raises serious questions about the compatibility of the national framework as the primary mode of analysis. The article explores the anatomy of Palestinian literature, including
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Dār al-Ṭalīʿah and the Question of Arab Authenticity in the 1960s Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Ahmad Agbaria
Cultural institutions and publishing houses have been essential to the making of Arab intellectual conversations in the post-colonial era. The publishing house of Dār al-Ṭalīʿah (est. 1959) played a central role in naturalizing social classifications, ideological views and cultural expectations that have influenced the then-new articulation of the notion of Arab authenticity. Yet, al-Ṭalīʿah was more
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A Missing Link in a Thousand and One Nights Scholarship: A Narrative Grammar for the Frame Tale? Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Muhsin al-Musawi
This article argues that scholarship has been missing the pre-Scheherazade dynamic scenes that set the stage for further action and narrative. These preludinal sites function as the stepping stone for action, a series of encounters that initiate and perpetuate instability and disequilibrium. It draws attention to the unnamed queens as prototypes for Scheherazade, the abducted bride, the three ladies
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The Poetics of Nahḍah Multilingualism: Recovering the Lost Russian Poetry of Mikhail Naimy Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Maria Swanson, Rebecca Ruth Gould
Drawing on archival research, this article introduces several Russian poems by the Arabic mahjar poet and writer Mikhail Naimy (Mīkhāʿīl Nu’aymah) (1889-1988) for the first time to scholarship. By examining the influence of Russian literature on Naimy’s literary output, we shed light on the role of multilingualism in generating literary identities and in shaping literary form. Naimy’s Russian poetry
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The Polemics of Iltizām: Al-Ādāb’s Early Arguments for Commitment Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Qussay Al-Attabi
The Lebanese monthly Al-Ādāb is accredited with the dissemination of iltizām, the Arabic rendition of Jean-Paul Sartre’s engagement (commitment). The concept assumed significance throughout the 1950s–1970s. In fact, it is often singled out as the most important literary term of the period. Surprisingly, however, a closer look at Al-Ādāb’s early issues reveals that, despite the forceful circulation
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Re-membering Syria’s Traumatic Past: Gender, Poetics, and Loss in Manhal al-Sarrāj’s As a River Should Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Linda Istanbulli
In a system where the state maintains a monopoly over historical interpretation, aesthetic investigations of denied traumatic memory become a space where the past is confronted, articulated, and deemed usable both for understanding the present and imagining the future. This article focuses on Kamā yanbaghī li-nahr (As a river should) by Manhal al-Sarrāj, one of the first Syrian novels to openly break
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What Is Moroccan Literature? History of an Object in Motion Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Gonzalo Fernández Parrilla, Eric Calderwood
What is Moroccan literature, where and when does it happen, and in what languages? In this essay, we tackle these questions by tracing the evolution of the definition of “Moroccan literature” from the first half of the twentieth century until the present. The earliest works of Moroccan literary historiography, such as ʿAbd Allah Kannūn’s al-Nubūgh al-maghribī fī al-adab al-ʿarabī (1937), situated Moroccan
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Zaynab Fawwāz’s Feminist Locutions Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Marilyn Booth
Lebanese-Egyptian Zaynab Fawwāz (ca. 1850-1914) was an unusual presence in 1890s Egypt: an immigrant from Shīʿī south Lebanon, without major family support, she created an intellectual place for herself in the Cairo press, generating a forthright voice on women’s needs as distinct from “the nation’s.” Like most Arabophone writers on “the Woman Question,” Fawwāz addressed girls’ education, but she focused
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Impostures: Fifty Rogue’s Tales Translated Fifty Ways, written by Al-Ḥarīrī and translated by Michael Cooperson Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Rachel Schine
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Arabic Poetics: Aesthetic Experience in Classical Arabic Literature, written by Lara Harb Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Rachel Friedman
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Arabic Science Fiction, written by Ian Campbell Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Jörg Matthias Determann
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Popular Fiction, Translation and the Nahda in Egypt, written by Samah Selim Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Marilyn Booth
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Leaks, Hacks, and Scandals: Arab Culture in the Digital Age, written by Tarek El-Ariss Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Peter Limbrick
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Narrating Muslim Sicily: War and Peace in the Medieval Mediterranean World, written by William Granara Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2021-04-16 Mohamad Ballan
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Dancing in Damascus: Creativity, Resilience, and the Syrian Revolution, written by miriam cooke Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Max Weiss
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Medieval Empires and the Culture of Competition: Literary Duels at Islamic and Christian Courts, written by Samuel England Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Jocelyn Sharlet
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The Clarion of Syria: A Patriot’s Call Against the Civil War of 1860, written by Butrus al-Bustani Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Alexa Firat
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Migrating Texts: Circulating Translations Around The Ottoman Mediterranean, edited by Marilyn Booth Journal of Arabic Literature Pub Date : 2020-08-20 Peiyu Yang