摘要 在汉语的能性结构中，肯定式一般用“得”字表能力，而否定式“V 不 C”没有“得”字，却依然能够表达能力的意思，其“能性意义” 的解读从何而来一直是汉语句法研究的一个不解之谜。本文提出：能 性否定式“V 不 C”在句法结构上具有一个表达能性的位置，只是该 位置的“得”字在语音部门没有显形，而造成“得”字语音显形与否 的原因是韵律。具言之，“得”字不能在“V 不 CO”这类宾补俱全 的结构中显形，这主要源于汉语动词指派核心重音的机制：核心重音 的指派者“V 不 C”在韵律大小方面受到“最小词条件”的限制（不 能大于等于三个音节）。本文的这一分析既可以从句法结构上回答 “V 不 C”能性解读的来源，也可以推演解释能性结构的不同表达形 式。

摘要 本文研究的是廉江粤语中由重叠形式构成的一种特殊方位短语，这种 方位短语由重叠的处所名词短语与方位指示语组成，并且处所名词短 语之后的方位指示语必须强制性出现。调查发现重叠部分必须是有定 的、易于被说话人指认的处所名词短语，重叠之后表达“靠近/在…附 近”的语法意义，而方位指示语仅限于类似英语 here, there 的非常有 限的几个方位指示语。分析认为，重叠处所名词短语中包含一个功能 性成分“附近”，而处所名词由于是“附近”的参照点，必须所指明 确，导致了处所名词的有定性语义要求。本文同时认为，重叠处所名 词是整个方位短语的修饰语，方位指示语才是整个方位短语的中心语， 由此解释了方位指示语为何必须强制性出现的问题。这种特殊的重叠 方位短语作为一个绝佳的观察窗口，使我们一方面得以窥探汉语方位 短语的内部句法结构，另一方面可以了解重叠的语法功能与重叠短语 的句法结构。

摘要 中国殷商甲骨卜辞时间中干支有着重要地位。与之后不同的是，卜辞干 支前可加不同的修饰语，其意义学界分歧甚大。本论文着眼于卜辞的整 个干支系统，以香港中文大学汉达文库为支撑，分析其分布和内部关系。 论文发现：1)“今来”能产性差的根源是由于其内部两个语义枝有矛盾； 2) “今/翌/来/今来”与“今日/翌日/来日”之间存在语用差异，分属村北 和村南系；3) 干支修饰语“今/今日”“翌/翌日”“来/来日”区别特征 分别是“近指、定指占卜次日、非本旬”。由此推知，卜辞干支前的修饰 语是语用、语义共同作用的产物。

The formal structure of the construction formed by a numeral (Num), a sortal classifier (C) or mensural classifier (M), and a noun (N), is controversial, as both left-branching [[Num C/M] N] and right-branching [Num [C/M N]] structures have been argued for in the literature. In this paper we report two psycholinguistic experiments on speech production and perception in Mandarin to investigate this

ABSTRACT:Research on patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) has reported that discourse-level impairments are associated with decreasedglobalcognitive functioning. The global cognitive disorganization potentially emerges from poor connectivity across nodes comprising dispersed cortical networks. A likely source of this functional disconnectivity in mTBI is a post-trauma deterioration in the

摘要:"卯"由表时辰的名词演变为动量词的时间，文献中并无明确反映。这个动量词存在于两个相距甚远的方言区块：在杭州方言中常用，还虚化为时间名词后缀，并扩散到了北部吴语；在毗邻河南的中原官话、晋语中存在面较大，但使用受限。联系两地方言的时段是两宋之交，意味着该词至迟产生于北宋时期的南系官话，是由开封等地移民在南宋初带到杭州的。文献和方言用例则反映出其演变的轨迹。这个特征词印证了吕叔湘、罗杰瑞关于"南系官话"流变的某些看法。ABSTRACT:It is not reflected expressly in the literature when "卯" evolved from a noun expressing time into a verbal measure word. It exists in two districts far away from each other: first,

ABSTRACT:The tonal system in Bai has attracted much attention for its complex combination of pitch and phonation features. What makes it more complicated is that the phonation varies across Bai dialects. In this paper, we examine the tonal quality of Meiba Bai by analyzing F0 (fundamental frequency), OQ (open quotient), and SQ (speed quotient), which are extracted from electroglottographic signals

The paper deals with the polyfunctionality of realized as na7 or na2 featuring a range of senses or functions such as if, only, look like and how/why in earlier Southern Min and its later developments in modern Southern Min based on a set of data reflecting three periods dating back to the sixteenth at the earliest. Special attention is focused on the patterns of syntactic distribution of na7/na2 in

ABSTRACT:This paper classifies dipping tones in the framework of the Multi-Register and Four-Level Model, using new, firsthand acoustic data. Seven dipping types are identified. Four of them are produced in normal clear voice and affiliated with the Modal Register: (1) Central Dipping, typologically transcribed as /323/, (2) Back Dipping /523/, (3) Front Dipping /324/, and (4) Double Circumflex /4343/

1. OVERVIEW OF DIRECTIONAL PARTICLES IN CANTONESE: FORM, FUNCTION AND GRAMMATICALIZATION Traced back to verbs which denote direction and often referred to as directional complements in the literature, the twelve directional morphemes under investigation in Cantonese exhibit versatile usages. Despite that their number is small, the behaviors of this group of morphemes are heterogeneous. While most of

ABSTRACT: This paper aims to explain the development of the copula function of wei 为 and to show that wei in the "wei V" construction is a copula during preHan times, rather than a passive marker. Therefore, in essence, the "wei V" construction is a copula construction rather than a passive construction. In this analysis, we pay special attention to the "yi 以 X wei 为 Y" construction and draw the following

ABSTRACT:Based on Early Modern Southern Min texts from Ming and Qing dynasties, this paper studies the different functions of lia̍h 力 in Southern Min and the grammaticalisation pathways that led to the polysemantism. The morpheme lia̍h could appear as a content verb meaning 'to catch' or a polyfunctional case marker in Early Modern Southern Min; while in Contemporary Southern Min, its verb use has

ABSTRACT:In this paper, we tease out the transliterations in the documents transliterated in Chinese characters such as Hua yi yi yu and Lulongsai lüe, and in Latin Dictionnaire Mongol-Russe-Français (Kowalewski 1844–1849), and study when and how the affricates /*tʃh/ and /*tʃ/ in initial position of Pro-to-Mongolian diversified in Khalkha. We conclude that the time of diversification of /*tʃh/ and

ABSTRACT:This study investigates tongue configuration and its changes during the production of [ɤ] using ultrasound imaging. By collecting data from four native Mandarin speakers, this paper compares the tongue movement of [ɤ], [i] and [a] in Mandarin Chinese, and finds that [ɤ] has clearly higher variations than the other two monophthongs in tongue intrinsic length, tongue intrinsic height and accelerations

ABSTRACT:Professor Yuen Ren Chao (赵元任), ex-president of the Linguistic Society of America, once wrote a homophonic discourse entitled "Shī shì shí shī shĭ 施氏食狮史" (Story of Stone Grotto Poet: Eating Lions) (Chao [1960]1980, 149). But so far, no one knows why such a discourse is possible. This paper makes an attempt to discuss this issue. It is argued that the possibility of homophonic discourse is principally

Adrian van Amstel’s Chinese Character Dictionary (CCD) represents a very different approach to organizing Chinese characters in a non-electronic paper-based dictionary. Describing himself in the Preface to his dictionary as a “visual learner”, Van Amstel adopts a visual strategy whereby similar looking characters are grouped together. Rather than organizing characters according to their Pinyin or stroke

摘要:本研究根据韵律句法学理论，选取并列式、主谓式和错位式三种不同类型的四字格汉语成语，使用事件关联脑电位技术（Event-Related Potentials, ERPs），探讨了汉语成语的内部句法结构与韵律结构的相互作用对其脑认知加工的影响。结果发现，相比于并列式成语，主谓式和错位式成语都激发了P600效应，并且主谓式和错位式成语之间不存在显著的脑电位差异。该结果表明，汉语成语的认知加工不是整体的意义提取过程，而是根据成语内部的韵律句法关系进行的分析加工过程。汉语成语的加工不受成语内部实际句法关系的影响。本研究支持了汉语韵律句法学的观点，汉语韵律可以制约汉语成语的句法加工。ABSTRACT:This study examined three different types of four-character Chinese idioms, including those involving

The paper shows that neither monosyllabic localizers nor disyllabic localizers in Mandarin are postpositions. More importantly, it argues that, contra previous uniform treatments of monosyllabic localizers as postpositions, clitics, or deviates of nouns, monosyllabic localizers in Mandarin in fact serve different functions in different contexts or constructions. Specifically, they can be used as a

Abstract:From the typological perspective, origins of disposal markers in Wu dialect fall into two categories. The first type grammaticalized from verbs indicating "to take or to hold" while the second one grammaticalized from verbs meaning "to give", comitative prepositions and verbs showing "to help" through the intermediate stage of beneficiary prepositions. The first type is mainly distributed

摘要:中古浊去字今潮州话分属阳上和阳去，这一现象得到语言学界的强烈 关注。目前，学界比较认同的观点是：潮州话古浊去字，今读阳去的属于早期自有的白读层，今读阳上的属于受北方话影响产生的文读层。 本文先比较潮州话文读和白读的合并过程，再系联其他闽南话的同类 层次，然后提出一个新看法：这些古浊去字，潮州话今读阳去的层次（比如："步"、"地"、"旧"、"饭"），属于后期再受强势闽南话影响产 生的；相比之下，潮州话今读阳上的层次（比如："佩"、"右"、"凤"、"会"）反倒是固有的。ABSTRACT:The phenomenon that characters with Middle Chinese voiced obstruent initials are now read with Yangqu 阳去 (lower departing) and Yangshang 阳上 (lower rising)

ABSTRACT:Resultative verb compounds (RVCs) in Mandarin appear in a V1-V2 sequence and have three major subtypes—result-state, directional and completive RVCs with different degrees of compositionality depending on the extent to which the compound's meaning can be derived from the meanings of the component verbs. The derivation of the RVC has been analyzed as a lexical or syntactic process. Previous

ABSTRACT:In light of the high frequency of disyllabic words in modern Chinese and the "default" phonological status held by the disyllabic prosodic foot in speech production, we conducted a series of psycholinguistic experiments to determine whether the quantitative property of prosodic feet has a significant influence when parsing syntactically ambiguous utterances in speech perception. More specifically

ABSTRACT:This paper describes the phonetic properties of "Tʙ" in the Wu dialect of Jiangsu and Anhui provinces of China (Su-Wan) boundary and discusses the articulation conditions of "Tʙ" in phonetics. We argue that the consonant, mainly the voiceless apico-alveolar plosives or affricates [t/ts/tʃ] as well as their aspirated counterparts tend to undergo trillization. On the other hand, at least three

ABSTRACT:This study examined the body-part eyes in Mandarin Chinese and German with the majority of the data taken from corpora and dictionaries. Our research goals are to explore: (1) whether Mandarin is a Satellite-framed language as Talmy (2000) and Peyraube (2006) proposed; (2) the characteristics of morphosyntactic structure of the eye expressions; and (3) if certain cognitive modeling of eye

ABSTRACT:Outuan Hmong language has much more finals than other Hmong dialects. In previous Hmong language literature, there is discrimination between the original finals and the loanwords finals; the loanwords finals have been treated in a less important position in the phonological system of Hmong language. This paper suggests to differentiate the original finals and the new finals. The new finals

ABSTRACT:Since its first discussion by Y. R. Chao in the early 20th century (1933, 1968), the phenomenon he referred to as "successive tonal addition" has been highly controversial. According to Chao, this intonation phenomenon expresses different moods and attitudes and manifests itself as rising and falling, non-lexical, pitch-movements added to the lexical contours of utterance-final syllables.

Abstract:This article features a new multimedia corpus with 22 hours of recordings of a Mandarin-speaking child from the age of 1;7 to 3;4. We review the state of the art in the use of corpora for first language acquisition of Mandarin, and highlight the importance of corpus studies in evaluating children's language developmental patterns vis-a-vis adult input. The transcripts in our new corpus are

Abstract:A number of studies in the second language (L2) research argue that a general unergative-unaccusative distinction is made syntactically and semantically in adult L2 acquisition. Attempts to provide empirical evidence of the L2 English unergative-unaccusative distinction by adult Chinese speakers have only recently begun to appear. The present study investigates the acquisition of unergative

ABSTRACT:Chinese American linguist Zhao Yuanren [Yuen Ren Chao] 's homophonic Chinese text entitled "Shi shi shi shi shi " (or Story of stone grotto poet eating lions) (Zhao [Chao] 1960; 1980:149) is a peculiar text that is little explored. This paper, with a discussion of this text in terms of mode of discourse, reveals how flexible a homophonic text can be, and how mode of discourse can bend a discourse

ABSTRACT:There are scholars who have already done some research on the sound strata of Yu 鱼rhyme in Southern Wu dialects such as Mei Zulin (2001) and Chen Zhongmin (2013). Accordingly, this article presents a further research, which has found eight sound strata of Yu 鱼 rhyme in Southern Wu dialects. Layer I merges into the Yu 鱼 and Ma麻 rhymes. Layer II is that Yu 鱼 rhyme stands alone. Layer III merges

Abstract:In Chinese VO (verb-object) phrases, 2+1 (disyllabic + monosyllabic) is ill formed when other length patterns are available, such as 2+1 zhongzhi suan vs. the well-formed 2+2 zhongzhi dasuan 'plant garlic'. However, 2+1 VO is acceptable when alternative length patterns are unavailable, such as jieyue shui 'save water' and xihuan qian 'love money'. The conditional acceptance of 2+1 VO is known

This study analyzes the tonal adaptation of a corpus of 340 English loanwords in Mandarin. I present evidence that only stressed/unstressed distinction is considered for disyllabic and monosyllabic loans. My principal finding is that the perceptual adaptation, stress-to-tone mapping is constrained primarily by tonal feature model of native phonology, while acoustic similarity plays a very limited role

提要:霍尔语群属于汉藏语系羌语支嘉戎语组，包括数种互不通话的独立语 言。四川甘孜州丹巴县东谷上半乡使用上东谷话，属于一种独特的中 部霍尔语方言。上东谷话的特点是正常声与弛声两种发声态呈现音位 对立，除区别词义外，还具有体现动词词干交替等形态功能。弛声的 来源尚不完全清楚，但其中一部分弛声在词汇与形态交替上与其他霍 尔语的低调或送气清擦音对应，应属古霍尔语存古音韵特征。上东谷 话的弛声有助于阐释本语群声调与送气交替的起源以及界定方言间 的谱系关系，是极有研究价值的语音现象。Horpic denotes a cluster of little-explored languages under the Rgyalrongic subgroup of Qiangic in Sino-Tibetan. Upper Donggu, spoken in Rongbrag County of Dkarmdzes

提要:黄孝方言的意向处置句有" A:S+把 T 受+VP+他/渠、B:T 受+S+VP+他/渠、 C:S+VP 不及物+他/渠"3 式，可构成祈使句、主观意志陈述句、疑问句， 强调（主观或希望）将处置。其源流是：话题优先导致有定的受事前置， VP 后用"他/渠"回指，构成 A、B 式，是为 VO 向 TV 语序演变的中间 现象。而后"他/渠"虚化为强调（主观或希望）将处置的语气词，A、 B 式扩展形成 C 式。3 式及其变式的分布存在少量的地域、新老派差异。Dispositional sentences in Huangxiao Dialects have three patterns: A) S+ba(把)To+VP+ta/q（他/渠）, B)To+S+VP+ta/q（他/渠）, C)S+VPvi+ta/qu（他/渠）. They can be formed into imperative

提要: “有”在“可VP” 问句中表已然 (VP 为 verb phrase (动词短语) 简称)，构成“阿有 VP”、“格有 VP”与“可有”合音式等类型，分布于北部吴语、西南官话、江淮官话、中原官话等；已然问“可有VP”在今大多方言中正处于被等义的“可 VP-体助词”替代的趋势中；其分布表明“有”在“可VP” 问句中表已然是一种残存形式，而非新兴的表已然的标记，它源于元明时期的北部吴语，且于明末之前扩散至其他方言；“有”首先在“可VP” 问句中由存在义动词语法化为已然体标记，既符合语义演变规律，也符合“标记在有标记项上的出现先于无标记项”(Shen 沈家煊 1997)的类型学倾向；根据谓词前“有”在汉语方言中的句类分布和表义，我们得出一条单向蕴涵共性：即如果一种方言中肯定陈述句谓词前“有”表确认，那么“有”在该方言反复问句则可以表已然，反之则不能成立。因此，从跨方言“有”的功能和表义来

This paper supports and extends the results of previous studies, such as Pulleyblank (1986) and Chang (2012), that argue that the choice of 于 or 於 in Classical Chinese is not random, but rather is conditioned by the features of the preceding verb. Through a close examination of the cooccurrence of 于 and 於 with the high-frequency verb 至 in six Warring States period texts, it is shown that additional

The purpose of this research was to investigate the association of vocal attack time (VAT) and tones in speakers of Mandarin Chinese, and to explore how tones initiated at different pitch levels affected VAT. SP and EGG signals were synchronously recorded from 72 young undergraduates or postgraduates (42 females and 30 males) while they were reading aloud a wordlist of 50 disyllabic words at their

In Modern Chinese, shì is found as part of the composition of a set of connectives, e.g. kěshì 'but,' yàoshì 'if.' The previous research (Dong 2004, etc.) assumes that the development of the set underwent the process of lexicalization (Lehmann 2002): the syntactic strings [Y COP] lost their internal constituency and fused into one unit over time. This paper, however, in the light of Brinton and Traugott's

In Modern Chinese, there is an increasing number of disyllabic transitive verbs in the structural configuration [Vo] where o can be a nominal, a verbal or an adjectival morpheme, such as 观光 (guānguāng: lit.‘see sight’) ‘sightsee’, 投资 (tóuzī: lit. ‘throw money’) ‘invest’, 留心 (liúxīn: lit. ‘leave heart’) ‘be careful of’ and 注意 (zhùyì: lit. ‘focus attention’) ‘concentrate on’. These compound verbs can

This study examines the linguistic encoding of space in Mandarin-speaking children based on a corpus study and a series of experimental tasks. It is shown that cognitive development plays a significant role in the development of spatial language. The acquisition of pang ‘side’ before you ‘right’ is accounted for by the cognitive complexity of the localizers. Cognitive egocentricity biased children

This paper asks whether there is a universally applicable code-switching model. To answer this question, Myers-Scotton’s (2002) Matrix Language Frame model was tested with Southern Min/Mandarin code-switched data. The results showed that the two criteria (i.e. the morpheme order principle and the system morpheme principle) proposed to identify the matrix language in this model were found inapplicable

This article reviews the newly published Old Chinese: A New Reconstruction by Baxter and Sagart from three perspectives: attitude toward languages, methodology and types of evidence. This book contains many defects that cannot be overlooked and some suggestions are given regarding how to prevent these defects. This review consists of six sections and examines the following problems: 1) One rhyme group

Interword spaces have been reported to play an important role in silent reading of alphabetic languages. However, it has not yet been clear whether text spacing/segmentation facilitates the cognitive process in silent reading of Chinese, a logographic language, especially in reading Chinese regulated poems which have predefined rhythmic structures. An eye-tracking experiment was conducted to monitor

集韵》 将寒韵上声和去声舌齿音小韵转移到相应的合口桓韵的上声 和去声位置, 而牙喉音小韵则保持不动, 形成上声和去声舌齿音字韵 母与牙喉音字韵母有别的现象。 《声音倡和图》 将寒韵牙喉音平声字 “安” 放在 “开” 行 (一等), 将舌齿音平声 “丹” 和二等 “山” 放 在 “发” 行 (二等), 形成寒韵平声舌齿音字韵母与牙喉音字韵母分 等的现象。这是历史文献中寒韵系字韵母因声母锐钝分化的源头。所 谓寒韵系字锐钝分化实质上是一等寒韵系锐音字的元音与二等字的 元音合并, 从而与保持一等的钝音字的元音有别的现象。在十一世纪 的北方方言中, 这种分化正在进行。 《集韵》 代表的北宋汴洛方言上 声和去声字的元音完成了分化, 而 《声音倡和图》 代表的北宋幽燕方 言平声字的元音完成了分化。在 《蒙古字韵》 和 《中原音韵》 代表的 元代北方方言中, 虽然寒韵舒声字锐钝无别且与二等合并, 但相应的

In Chinese some personal pronouns and demonstrative pronouns share the same origins because of the conceptual cognitive mappings existing between the personal domain and demonstrative pronoun domain. The traces of such origins can also be found in the Chinese dialects which can be divided into three main categories. There exists a systematic correspondence between first person concept and proximal

我们发现了台湾师范大学藏本 《音韵画一》, 重新考证了该书的撰写 年代。 《音韵画一》 音韵理论独特, 体现了作者杨志体的独树一帜的 音韵学思想及音韵术语体系。 《音韵画一》 具有典型的西南官话特点。 我们以 《音韵画一》 与其后的方言调查报告对比, 研究了射洪方言百 余年来的演变情况。

There is a general belief that Yue constitutes a highly uniform dialect group, with its members sharing a good number of structures and lexica with the regional prestige dialect, Cantonese. Based on our first hand data collected from the field, this paper* describes the lesser known grammatical diversity across the Yue dialects, which can be illustrated by the different uses of the following features:

Japhug is a language with ergative alignment on NP arguments and direct-inverse verbal indexation. However, this paper, through a detailed description of relativizing constructions in Japhug, shows the existence of accusative pivots and proposes an unambiguous definition of ‘subjects’ and ‘objects’ in this language.

This paper aims to present a novel picture of the left periphery in Shanghainese with special reference to the position of topic. We find that, contrary to “major-vs.-sub-vs.-sub-sub-topic” distinction, all TopPs in Shanghainese land outside IP. The only landing site for pre-posed adverbs is Spec-TopP (rather than an independent Mod(ifier)P). Int(errogative)P is always generated lower than TopP. The