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Language change in Japanese–English bilingual returnee children over the course of five years: Evidence from accent-rating Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Tim Joris Laméris, Maki Kubota, Tanja Kupisch, Jennifer Cabrelli, Neal Snape, Jason Rothman
Few studies have examined global foreign accent (GFA) in bilingual children, and little is known about how GFA changes over time and what factors determine change. Here, we examine GFA trajectories in Japanese–English bilingual returnees (Japanese children who returned to Japan after having lived in a majority English environment for several years). In two accent-rating tasks, first language (L1) speakers
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Activation and local inhibition in the bilingual child’s processing of codeswitching Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Raquel Fernández Fuertes, Tamara Gómez Carrero, Juana M. Liceras
Codeswitching has been used as a tool to investigate how the properties of the two language systems interact in the bilingual mind with relatively few studies investigating bilingual children. We target two groups of L1-Spanish–L2-English children in Spain to address language activation and language inhibition in the processing of codeswitching between a determiner (DET) and a noun (N). We investigate
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Can dynamical systems theory be applied to second language acquisition? The issues of reductionism and intentionality Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Manfred Pienemann, Anke Lenzing, Howard Nicholas
In this article we address two key questions in the application of dynamical systems theory (DST) to second language acquisition (SLA) that have not been resolved in recent debates about this issue. The first question relates to reductionism. Is an antireductionist position a necessary element of DST? We show that the radical antireductionist stance put forward by key movers of the application of DST
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Online processing and offline judgments of different types of presupposition triggers by second language speakers Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Shuo Feng, Kailun Zhang
The present study aims to explore how second language (L2) speakers process four types of presupposition triggers in an online self-paced reading task and an offline acceptability judgment task. The four types of triggers are definite expressions with the, the factive verb know, the change-of-state verb stop and the additive particle also. Of particular interest is L2 speakers’ ability to accommodate
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The L2/L3 initial state, initial stages and judgement tasks: The role of intercomprehension when judging unknown languages Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Ylva Falk, Camilla Bardel
This study problematizes the second language (L2) / third language (L3) initial state, questioning who the real initial state-learners are and whether it is the initial state that has been explored in some previous L3 studies that claim to do so. We will discuss the notion of initial stages in relation to the initial state. We argue that, depending on prior language knowledge, learners can – thanks
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Phonolexical processing of Mandarin segments and tones by English speakers at different Mandarin proficiency levels Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Yen-Chen Hao
The current study examined the phonolexical processing of Mandarin segments and tones by English speakers at different Mandarin proficiency levels. Eleven English speakers naive to Mandarin, 15 int...
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L1-transfer effects and the role of computational complexity in L2 pronoun interpretation Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Eun Hee Kim
This study investigates pronoun interpretation by second language (L2) learners of English, focusing on whether first language (L1) transfer and/or processing difficulty affect L2 learners’ pronoun...
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Testing the Interpretability Hypothesis: Evidence from acceptability judgments of relative clauses by Persian and French learners of L2 English Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-04-22 Ehsan Solaimani, Florence Myles, Laurel Lawyer
Many studies have explored the second language (L2) acquisition of relative clauses (RCs) and whether L2 speakers transfer a resumptive strategy from first language (L1) to L2. While evidence seems...
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Methods for investigation of L2 speech rhythm: Insights from the production of English speech rhythm by L2 Arabic learners Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-02-27 Ghazi Algethami, Sam Hellmuth
Rhythm metrics can detect second language development of target-like speech rhythm but interpretation of the results from metrics in learners’ speech is problematic because the mapping of metrics t...
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Investigating the relation between L2 pauses, syntactic complexity, and pause location: Longitudinal data from L2-Spanish study-abroad learners Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Lorenzo García-Amaya
Inverse relations, or ‘trade-off effects’, are a common outcome of interlanguage development: a learner may increase performance in one linguistic domain while simultaneously decreasing performance...
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Syllable position effects in the perception of L2 Portuguese /l/ and /ɾ/ by L1-Mandarin learners Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-01-27 Chao Zhou, Anabela Rato
This study reports syllable position effects on second language (L2) Portuguese speech perception, revealing that L2 segmental learning may be prone to an influence from the suprasegmental level. T...
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Connectivity effects in pseudoclefts in L1 and L2 speakers of German Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-01-13 Janna-Deborah Drummer, Claudia Felser
This study investigates the hypothesis that non-isomorphic syntax–semantics mappings pose a greater challenge for non-native (L2) than for native (L1) speakers, focusing on a previously understudie...
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Rhetorical question comprehension by Italian–German bilingual children Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-01-12 Miriam Geiss, Maria F Ferin, Theo Marinis, Tanja Kupisch
This study investigates for the first time the comprehension of rhetorical questions (RhQs) in bilingual children. RhQs are non-canonical questions, as they are not used to request information, but...
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Interaction between syntactic and information structure in the second language processing of Korean dative sentences Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2023-01-12 Hyunwoo Kim, Sun Hee Park
It remains an open question whether second language (L2) learners can process linguistic properties at the syntax–discourse interface. This study examines this issue in the context of the L2 proces...
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Null-Prep as a systematic interlanguage phenomenon: Evidence from relative clauses, interrogatives, and sluicing constructions Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Sílvia Perpiñán, Anna Cardinaletti
This study attempts to explain a systematic phenomenon that has been described in interlanguage grammars crosslinguistically: Null-Prep, which consists of omitting the obligatory preposition in cer...
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Scalar implicatures in adult L2 learners: A self-paced reading study Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Jacee Cho
Using self-paced reading, the present study compared native English and adult L1-Korean–L2-English speakers’ processing behaviors during online comprehension of underinformative scalar sentences an...
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Dependency resolutions of null and overt subjects in English speakers’ L2 Chinese: Evidence for the cue-based model Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-26 Lilong Xu, Boping Yuan
This study investigates whether there are different first-language–second-language (L1–L2) dependency resolutions by focusing on less-studied crosslinguistic variances in L2 acquisition of Chinese,...
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The relationship between perception and production of illusory vowels in a second language Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Song Yi Kim, Jeong-Im Han
Korean learners of English are known to repair consonant clusters, which are not allowed in their native language, with an epenthetic vowel [ɨ]. The purpose of the present study is to examine wheth...
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Crosslinguistic influence in the conceptualization of motion events: A synthesis study on L2 acquisition of Chinese motion expressions Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-15 Shu-Ling Wu, Takako Nunome, Jun Wang
As Chinese shows both satellite- and verb-framed properties (Slobin, 2004; Talmy, 2012, 2016), it provides a unique lens through which to observe the extent of first-language (L1) typological influ...
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SLA as complex, dynamical and predictable: A Processability Theory perspective Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-04 Bronwen Dyson
This article enters the debate about the complex and dynamical nature of second language acquisition (SLA) by discussing and commenting on Pallotti’s critique of Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDS...
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Can adult learners sense L2 emotional words automatically? The role of L2 use on the emotional Stroop effect Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-11-03 Sunyoung Ahn, Nan Jiang
The present study investigated whether adult learners of second language (L2) can automatically activate emotional connotation during emotional word recognition as compared native (L1) users and wh...
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The influence of semantic bias on triple non-identical cognates during reading: Evidence from trilinguals’ eye movements Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-10-07 Agnieszka Lijewska
The current study investigated how the processing of triple cognates (words sharing form and meaning across three languages) is modulated by the semantic bias of sentence context in a reading task....
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False geminates as an effective transitional strategy for Cantonese learners of Japanese Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Albert Lee, Xiaolin Li, Peggy Mok
This article revisits Lee and Mok (2018) and examines how the Cantonese learners in the study produced second language (L2) Japanese short vs. long consonants which are absent in their first langua...
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L2 acquisition and L1 attrition of VOTs of voiceless plosives in highly proficient late bilinguals Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Amirah Saud Alharbi, Anouschka Foltz, Lisa Kornder, Ineke Mennen
While much research has examined second language (L2) phonetic acquisition, less research has examined first language (L1) attrition in terms of the voice onset time (VOT) of voiceless stops. The c...
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Testing the Competing Systems Hypothesis: Further evidence from aspect in tutored L1-English–L2-Spanish Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Tiffany Judy, Eloi Puig-Mayenco, Adel Chaouch-Orozco, Fernando Martín-Villena, David Miller
This study tests the Competing Systems Hypothesis (CSH) as applied to adult second language acquisition of aspect in Spanish. The CSH purports that differences among tutored and untutored learners ...
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The effectiveness of embodied prosodic training in L2 accentedness and vowel accuracy Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-10-01 Peng Li, Florence Baills, Lorraine Baqué, Pilar Prieto
This study explores the effects of embodied prosodic training on the production of non-native French front rounded vowels (i.e. /y, ø, œ/) and the overall pronunciation proficiency. Fifty-seven Cat...
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Phonological cross-linguistic influence at the initial stages of L3 acquisition Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-09-28 Romana Kopečková, Ulrike Gut, Magdalena Wrembel, Anna Balas
This study investigates sources of phonological cross-linguistic influence (CLI) at the initial stages of third language (L3) acquisition in light of the predictions of the second language (L2) Sta...
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Searching for common phonological space: /s/-stop clusters in L1 Polish and L2 English Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Geoffrey Schwartz
Two acoustic studies of voice onset time (VOT) in sibilant–stop (ST) consonant clusters, produced by first language (L1) speakers of Polish, are presented. In the first, a baseline study of L1 Poli...
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Input in the digital wild: Online informal and non-formal learning and their interactions with study abroad Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-09-04 Geoffrey Sockett
As research into online informal language learning (OILL) develops as a field, the impact on such practices for a wide variety of contexts can be considered. In the case of this publication, the st...
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Input in study abroad and views from acquisition: Focus on constructs, operationalization and measurement issues: Introduction to the special issue Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-09-04 Jonas Granfeldt, Marianne Gullberg, Carmen Muñoz
This article briefly discusses the notion of input in a study abroad perspective, situating it against how input is treated in second language acquisition (SLA) more broadly, with a focus on method...
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Island sensitivity in L2 learners: Evidence from acceptability judgments and event-related potentials Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-08-24 Lauren Covey, Robert Fiorentino, Alison Gabriele
This study investigates the processing of wh-dependencies in English by native speakers and advanced Mandarin Chinese-speaking learners. We examined processing at a filled gap site that was in a li...
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From one language to the other: Examining the role of code-switching on vocabulary learning in adult second-language learners Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-08-02 Mackensie Blair, Giovanna Morini
The present work examines the impact of code-switching (CS) on novel word learning in adult second language (L2) learners of Spanish. Participants completed two sessions (1–3 days apart). In the fi...
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Processing gender agreement in an additional language: The more languages the better? Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Kamil Długosz
Although previous research has observed a facilitative influence of the first language (L1) on the acquisition and processing of gender agreement in a second language (L2), particularly in language...
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When covert modality sneaks into your grammar: wh-infinitives in American Norwegian Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-07-15 Michael Putnam, Åshild Søfteland
American Norwegian (AmNo), a moribund heritage variety of Norwegian spoken predominantly in the Upper Midwest of the US, licenses wh-infinitives (i.e. indirect questions), which are structures that...
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Processing pragmatic inferences in L2 French speakers Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-07-11 Emilie Destruel
A large amount of literature exists on how native speakers derive and process pragmatic inferences, yet few studies have examined the issue in second language learners, despite a controversial deba...
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The source of the that-trace effect: New evidence from L2 English Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-06-28 Boyoung Kim, Grant Goodall
Recent approaches to the that-trace phenomenon in English include syntactic analyses based on the principle of Anti-locality and a sentence production analysis based on the Principle of End Weight. These analyses have many similarities, but they differ in their predictions for second language (L2) speakers. In an Anti-locality analysis, we expect L2 speakers to show a pattern very similar to first
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Interpretation of Mandarin pronouns and reflexives by L1-Korean and L1-English learners of Mandarin Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Chung-yu Chen, Tania Ionin
This study investigates (1) whether second language learners (L2ers) acquire the Mandarin system of pronouns and reflexives despite differences from their first languages (L1s) and (2) whether L1-E...
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Cross-language perception of Japanese consonant length by speakers from Italian- and Mandarin-speaking backgrounds Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 Kimiko Tsukada, John Hajek
This study compared individuals from two first language (L1) backgrounds (Italian, Mandarin) to determine how they may differ in their perception of Japanese consonant length (i.e. singleton vs. ge...
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Examining the source of island effects in native speakers and second language learners of English Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Saad Aldosari, Lauren Covey, Alison Gabriele
We investigate sensitivity to island constraints in English native speakers and Najdi Arabic learners of English, examining (1) whether second language (L2) learners whose native language (L1) does not instantiate overt wh-movement are sensitive to island constraints and (2) the source of island effects. Under a grammatical account of islands, these effects arise due to violations of syntactic constraints
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Sign iconicity helps learning new words for abstract concepts in a foreign language Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 Sara Rodríguez-Cuadrado, Fernando Ojedo, Francisco Vicente-Conesa, Carlos Romero-Rivas, Miguel Ángel Carlos Sampedro, Julio Santiago
Several studies have explored the use of iconic gestures to improve the learning of foreign vocabulary. In this quest, words for abstract concepts have been largely neglected, under the assumption that abstract concepts have poor or non-existent sensory-motor representations. Yet, the Conceptual Metaphor Theory suggests that they are grounded on concrete concepts. Moreover, analyses of signed languages
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The acquisition of L2 allophonic variants: The role of phonological distribution and lexical cues Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-06-06 Shannon L Barrios, Joselyn M Rodriguez, Taylor Anne Barriuso
Adult learners acquire second language (L2) allophones with experience. We examine two mechanisms which may support the acquisition of allophonic variants in second language acquisition. One of the mechanisms is based on the distribution of phones with respect to their phonological context (i.e. phonological distribution). The other is based on the role the phones play in contrasting words (i.e. lexical
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Input and competing grammars in L2 syntax Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-05-02 Tom Rankin
Grammar competition has been proposed as a model for second language (L2) acquisition. Variational Learning provides a framework within which to investigate the idea of grammar competition as the model requires a marriage of quantitative properties of the input with Universal Grammar. A diachronic variational model of grammar competition is extended to second language acquisition (L2A) to explore verb-second
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What factors predict perceived nativelikeness in long-term L2 users? Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-05-01 Fanny Forsberg Lundell, Klara Arvidsson, Andreas Jemstedt
This study investigated what psychological and social factors predict ‘perceived nativelikeness’ in late second language (L2) learners of French (L1 Swedish) (N = 62) with a minimum length of residence (LOR) of 5 years in France. The included factors were: language aptitude (LLAMA), acculturation (VIA), personality (MPQ), target language engagement and social networks (number of relations in L2). LOR
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The combined effects of L1-specific and extralinguistic factors on individual performance in a tone categorization and word identification task by English-L1 and Mandarin-L1 speakers Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-04-30 Tim Joris Laméris, Brechtje Post
Adult second language learners often show considerable individual variability in the ease with which lexical tones are learned. It is known that factors pertaining to a learner’s first language (L1; such as L1 tonal status or L1 tone type) as well as extralinguistic factors (such as musical experience and working memory) modulate tone learning facility. However, how such L1-specific and extralinguistic
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Learning the two translations of translation-ambiguous words: Simultaneous vs. consecutive presentation Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-04-28 Natasha Tokowicz, Caitlin A Rice, Zachary Ekves
Some words have more than one translation across languages. Such translation-ambiguous words are harder to learn, recognize, and produce for individuals across the language learning spectrum. Past research demonstrates that learning both translations of translation-ambiguous words on consecutive trials confers an accuracy advantage relative to learning them on separate sessions. We tested the proposal
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Native and second language processing of quantifier scope ambiguity Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-03-02 Eun Seon Chung, Jeong-Ah Shin
The present study investigates native (L1) and second language (L2) processing of scope ambiguities in English sentences containing the universal quantifier every in subject NP and negation. Previous studies in L1 and L2 processing of scope ambiguities have found speakers to generally employ a ‘minimal effort’ principle that highly prefers the surface scope reading regardless of contextual support
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Orthography does not hinder non-native production learning in children Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-02-08 Katja Immonen, Kimmo U Peltola, Henna Tamminen, Paavo Alku, Maija S Peltola
Children are known to be fast learners due to their neural plasticity. Learning a non-native language (L2) requires the mastering of new production patterns. In classroom settings, learners are not only exposed to the acoustic input, but also to the unfamiliar grapheme–phoneme correspondences of the L2 orthography. We tested how 9–10-year-old children, with Finnish as a native language (L1), respond
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Epistemic reasoning in pragmatic inferencing by non-native speakers: The case of scalar implicatures Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-01-09 Jun Zhang, Yan Wu
Scalar implicatures involve inferring the use of a less informative term (e.g. some) to mean the negation of a more informative term (e.g. not all). A growing body of recent research on the derivation of scalar implicatures by adult second language (L2) learners shows that while they are successful in acquiring the knowledge of scalar implicatures, a property at the semantics–pragmatics interface,
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A lexical semantic approach to the L2 acquisition of Spanish psych verbs Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2022-01-07 Becky Gonzalez
This study builds on prior research on second language (L2) Spanish psych verbs, which has centered on morphosyntactic properties, by examining their syntactic distribution, which relies on lexical semantic knowledge. The fact that certain forms are licensed for some verbs, but not others, is the result of an underlying lexical semantic difference across verb classes, represented here as a difference
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Production of English lexical stress by Mandarin speakers: Acoustics and kinematics Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Joanne Jingwen Li, Maria I. Grigos
This study aims to understand if Mandarin late learners of English can successfully manipulate acoustic and kinematic cues to deliver English stress contrast in production. Mandarin (N = 8) and English (N = 8) speakers were recorded producing English trochaic (initial stress) and iambic (final stress) items during a nonword repetition task. Speakers’ jaw movement for the utterances was tracked and
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Development of production skills in the absence of precise phonolexical representations Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Ala Simonchyk, Isabelle Darcy
The study investigates the relationship between lexical encoding and production in order to establish whether learners are able to produce a difficult contrast in words that they merged in their mental lexicon. Forty American English learners of Russian were tested on their production and lexical encoding of familiar and highly-frequent words with the plain/palatalized contrast in second language (L2)
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Existence and consequences of dormant features: Evidence from L2 acquisition of Chinese object ellipsis Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 Lulu Zhang
The current study investigates second language acquisition of Chinese object ellipsis to probe the development of features transferred from learners’ native language without robust confirming or disconfirming evidence in the second language (L2) input. It is argued that Chinese allows object ellipsis licensed by a verb with a [VCase] feature but not by a verb with a [Vnon-Case] feature. In contrast
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Phonological redeployment and the mapping problem: Cross-linguistic E-similarity is the beginning of the story, not the end Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-29 John Archibald
In this research note I want to address some misunderstandings about the construct of redeployment and suggest that we need to fit these behavioural data from Yang, Chen and Xiao (YCX) into a broader context. I will suggest that these authors’ work is not just about the failure of three models to predict equivalence classification. Equivalence classification is not the end of the story but only the
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Similarity-based interference and relative clauses in second language processing Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-16 Ian Cunnings, Hiroki Fujita
Relative clauses have long been examined in research on first (L1) and second (L2) language acquisition and processing, and a large body of research has shown that object relative clauses (e.g. ‘The boy that the girl saw’) are more difficult to process than subject relative clauses (e.g. ‘The boy that saw the girl’). Although there are different accounts of this finding, memory-based factors have been
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The interactional ecology of homestay experiences: Locating input within participation and membership Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-12-11 Tim Greer, Johannes Wagner
Study abroad homestays are generally assumed to provide visitors with opportunities to learn language ‘in the wild’ by participating in the host family’s everyday life. Ultimately such participation is accomplished via individual episodes of interaction as the visitor is socialized into the family’s mundane routines and rituals. Building on research into second language interaction in the lifeworlds
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Morphological generalization in heritage speakers: The Turkish aorist Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-11-27 Serkan Uygun, Lara Schwarz, Harald Clahsen
Heritage speakers (HS) have been shown to experience difficulties with inflectional morphology (particularly with irregular morphology) and to frequently overapply regular morphology. The present study seeks to get further insight into the inflectional processes of HS by investigating how these are generalized to nonce words in language production, the first study of this kind for heritage Turkish
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Different effects of L1 and L2 phonology on L3 lexical learning: An ERP study Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-10-29 Stanislav Mulík, Haydée Carrasco-Ortiz
This study investigated the influence of phonological word representations from both first language (L1) and second language (L2) on third language (L3) lexical learning in L1-dominant Spanish–English bilinguals. More specifically, we used event-related potentials (ERPs) to determine whether L1 Spanish and L2 English phonology modulates bilinguals’ brain response to newly learned L3 Slovak words, some
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CEDEL2: Design, compilation and web interface of an online corpus for L2 Spanish acquisition research Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-10-16 Cristóbal Lozano
This article presents and reviews a new methodological resource for research in second language acquisition (SLA), CEDEL2 (Corpus Escrito del Español L2 ‘L2 Spanish Written Corpus’), and its free online search-engine interface (cedel2.learnercorpora.com). CEDEL2 is a multi-first-language corpus (Spanish, English, German, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, French, Greek, Russian, Japanese, Chinese, and Arabic)
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Promoting L2 acquisition of multiword units through textually enhanced audiovisual input: An eye-tracking study Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 Eva Puimège, Maribel Montero Perez, Elke Peters
This study examines the effect of textual enhancement on learners’ attention to and learning of multiword units from captioned audiovisual input. We adopted a within-participants design in which 28 learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) watched a captioned video containing enhanced (underlined) and unenhanced multiword units. Using eye-tracking, we measured learners’ online processing of the
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The role of L1 reading direction on L2 perceptual span: An eye-tracking study investigating Hindi and Urdu speakers Second Language Research (IF 2.889) Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Leigh B Fernandez, Ricarda Bothe, Shanley EM Allen
In the current study we used the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm to directly compare the second language (L2) English perceptual span of two groups that speak languages with essentially the same lexicon and grammar but crucially with different writing directions (and scripts): Hindi (read left to right) and Urdu (read right to left). This is the first study to directly compare first language