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To arrest or to serve: school resource officers’ perceptions of zero-tolerance and the school-to-prison pipeline Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Michael D. Bush, Kimberly D. Dodson
This study explores the link between zero-tolerance policies and the school-to-prison pipeline from the perspective of school resource officers. Zero-tolerance policies are disciplinary measures th...
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Race, sex, and age disparities in death penalty sentencing: a systematic review Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Teliyah A. Cobb, Jill D. Stinson, Caitlin L. Sanders
Demographic factors can influence death penalty outcomes. This systematic review examines literature regarding intersectionality of race, sex, and age disparities in capital punishment sentencing. ...
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Beyond monolithic threat: Understanding risk typology in court-involved Black male youth Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Eyitayo Onifade, Christina Campbell, Kwanele Shishane, Sylvia Annan, Emma Odotei, Justin B. Williams
Black male youth are at greatest risk of disparate contact and detention in the U.S. juvenile justice system. This study aims to identify recidivism risk/need patterns among African American male y...
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Importance of culture in measuring tribal crime seriousness: scoping review of crime seriousness indices Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Lorinda Riley, Cassandra Park
Understanding crime trends provides policymakers with needed information to effectively use scarce resources to keep communities safe. Native nations in the US, who retain criminal and civil jurisd...
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Crimes committed by recent immigrants: Characteristics and community patterns Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Davis Shelfer, Yan Zhang
The notion persists that recent immigrants commit substantively more serious crimes than citizens, but prior research has only used aggregate-level data or youth-focused samples. We address this ga...
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Exploring the social ties and diversity in the incarceration experience of Hispanic/Latino/Spanish individuals Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Andrea N. Montes
The study starts by examining descriptive differences between incarcerated Hispanic/Latino/Spanish subgroups. Then, using three measures of social ties as dependent variables, explores whether usin...
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Bridging immigrant crime, acculturation, and the life course: a broader perspective Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Chris Guerra, Jessica M. Craig
Research generally supports that immigrants engage in less crime than the native-born; however, theory behind the immigrant-crime link has a foundation largely rooted in assimilationism. While this...
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Aspirations of Hispanic criminal justice students to join law enforcement: an empirical investigation Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Yudu Li, Lucas Espinoza, Charlotte Hu, Fei Luo
This study investigates the job preferences of criminal justice (CJ) students and potential factors that may impact their application for law enforcement positions. Existing research has shown that...
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Race/ethnicity, negative peer support, and polyvictimization among college women Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Walter S. DeKeseredy, Alison J. Marganski, Adam J. Pritchard, James Nolan
Abstract Advances in social scientific understandings of female racial/ethnic minority college students’ experiences of woman abuse have not kept pace with the amount of theoretical and empirical work on the plight of their White counterparts. What is especially needed is a study that examines racial/ethnic variations in negative peer support for various types of victimization in institutions of higher
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The (mis)measure of race and ethnicity in crime data Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Philip D. McCormack, Kaitlyn Clarke, Scott Walfield, Francesca Spina
Abstract The measurement of crime in the United States is one that has constantly evolved since national efforts began in 1930. However, the measurements of victim and offender characteristics, specifically race and ethnicity, have not developed at the same pace, nor as rapidly for crime data as it has for other fields. This paper examines two primary criminal justice data sources, the Uniform Crime
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Police notification by Black victims of violent crime: the role of victim gender and victim-offender relationship Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-07-14 Rachel D. Butler
Abstract Despite widespread distrust of police among Black Americans, research indicates that Black crime victims are more likely to call the police than other demographic groups. Using National Crime Victimization Survey data from 1994–2018, I employ logistic regression and compare the average marginal effects of victim race and gender on probabilities of reporting to police. Of four race-sex categories
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The impact of race, gender, and demeanor on receiving leniency during traffic stops Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-07-12 Roderick L. Pearson Jr.
Abstract Research on racial disparities in traffic stops has produced mixed results, with some studies finding Black and Hispanic drivers are more likely to be ticketed than White drivers and others concluding they are not. However, there is limited research assessing whether the driver’s race, gender, or demeanor has the largest impact on receiving leniency. To fill this gap in the literature, I compare
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A review of cultural and ethnic bias in investigative decision-making: selected cases Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Rashid Minhas, Lara A. Frumkin
Abstract When making decisions, police, like all people, fall prey to negative stereotypes. Police must regularly make decisions about threats, so the stakes are higher than the typical decision-making process. This review looked at the threat and violence risk assessment processes through a new lens, exploring the relationship between (un)reasonable suspicion based on behaviors with an overreliance
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Latino attitudes toward mental health treatment and criminal justice involvement: it’s great for you; it’s just not for us Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-06-22 Brittany J. Hood
Abstract Despite comparable rates of mental illness, Latinos are unlikely to seek mental health treatment, face more barriers, and are more likely to be referred to treatment by the criminal justice system compared to whites. This study examined Latino attitudes toward seeking mental health treatment to ascertain how those attitudes predicted perceptions of the relationship between untreated mental
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What advice do parents give their children about plea bargains? Understanding the role of parent race, attorney race, and attorney recommendations Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-05-02 Aliya Birnbaum, Emily Haney-Caron
Abstract This study examined parent acquiescence to attorney recommendations in plea bargain decisions, and the effect of racial similarity between an attorney and their juvenile client’s parent. Scholarship indicates that youth are vulnerable to the influence of authority figures in plea-bargaining, leading to a reliance on parental and attorney input for plea decisions. Parents read a vignette with
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Racial differences in drug court referral, admission, and graduation rates: findings from two states and eight counties Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Fred L. Cheesman II, Douglas B. Marlowe, Kathryn J. Genthon
Abstract Drug courts are often the last chance for criminal justice-involved persons with substance use disorders to avoid incarceration. Given this stark reality, participation in drug court should not be influenced by race. This study tracks cohorts of drug court referrals to compare referral, admission, and graduation rates by race in two states and eight counties in diverse regions of the United
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A comparative study of recidivism factors associated with different offense categories in South Africa Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-02-23 Matthew Cronje, Robert Peacock
Abstract The dearth of official, accurate reoffending data and empirical insight into the factors associated with recidivism in South Africa, including the overrepresentation of violent and sexual offending in the recidivism literature can be argued to negatively impact the development of effective interventions and associated policies. The current study therefore explored the differences between recidivists
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The intersection of disability and race/ethnicity on victimization risk Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2023-01-25 Leah E. Daigle, Katelyn P. Hancock, Jane C. Daquin, Kierra S. Kelly
Abstract Although research has demonstrated a link between disability and victimization risk, less is known about how disability and race/ethnicity intersect to impact victimization risk. Using the routine activities/lifestyle perspective as a guide, we explore the relationship between having six disability types and three victimization types (violent, sexual, IPV) across racial/ethnic groups. In doing
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The intersecting associations between race and ethnicity, skin color, and perceived unfair treatment by police Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Jessica G. Finkeldey, Christopher R. Dennison, Shiyue Cui
Abstract This study examines the association between self-identified race and ethnicity, perceived skin color, and ever being unfairly stopped, searched, or questioned by police among a nationally representative sample of Whites, Blacks, Latinos, and other groups. Results show that Non-Latino Blacks and Latinos are more likely to experience unfair police treatment compared with non-Latino Whites. Respondents
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The view of the blue is bigger than black and white: using social identity theory to predict factors related to how Americans’ perceive the police Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Melissa C. Williams, Lindsey C. Maxwell
Abstract Using the social identity theory, this exploratory study looked at how mass media, race, age, gender, and politic affiliation contribute to Americans’ attitude toward the police. Findings indicate one’s social identity and identification with police play a substantial role in how people choose to view police. Additionally, increased media trust and resulted in more positive perceptions of
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Police shooting mortality: Investigating individual, incident, and contextual factors differentiating fatal and non-fatal police shootings Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-09-19 Keller Sheppard, Riley Tucker
Abstract Research on relevance of race and community context for police shooting mortality is underdeveloped. We collected data on 623 police-involved shootings in the state of Texas to examine which incident- and county-level factors are associated with shooting outcomes. In doing so, we incorporate a novel incident-level variable: distance from incident to trauma hospitals. Results from hierarchical
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Racial invariance in rural and urban contexts: comparing the structural sources of Black, White, and Latinx homicide in rural and urban counties, 2000 and 2010 Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-09-12 Caroline B. Allen, Ben Feldmeyer
Abstract Structural disadvantage has long been empirically linked to violent crime across different race/ethnic groups. More recently conceptualized as “racial invariance,” observed racial differences in crime rates are hypothesized to be the result of disparities in community-level structural conditions. However, most investigations into this hypothesis have focused on urban settings, with limited
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Minority communities, economic inequality, and police-military resource sharing in the United states Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-08-16 Ronald Helms, John C. Kilburn
Abstract This paper uses linear methods and a sample of 2298 US counties to assess alternative explanations for patterns of military procurements to local law enforcement. The correlational evidence supports the following: metropolitan jurisdictions and areas where local agencies emphasized drug law enforcement were most likely to seek military surplus inventory. Jurisdictions with strong evidence
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Racial tension, public mistrust, and policing: Insights from police leaders in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV)- a research note Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-21 Marika Dawkins-Cavazos
Abstract This paper presents preliminary insights from police leaders in the Rio Grande Valley (RGV), a southwestern border region of the United States. Perceptions among minority police leaders with respect to minority-police interactions have received little attention. To better understand the perceptions of minority police leaders, this study focused on whether police leaders in a predominantly
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Racial/ethnic variations in the polyvictimization of college women: results from a large-scale campus climate survey Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-17 Walter S. DeKeseredy, Adam J. Pritchard, Danielle M. Stoneberg, James Nolan
Abstract Social scientific knowledge of the extent, distribution, causes, and consequences of various types of gendered interpersonal violence against North American college women has markedly advanced since the early 1980s. Nevertheless, major research gaps still exist, including a conspicuous absence of quantitative and qualitative data on racial/ethnic variations in female students’ polyvictimization
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Mock juror decisions regarding an undocumented immigrant: Similarity of defendant-juror ethnicity matters Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-14 Esmeralda Navarro, Wendy P. Heath, Joshua R. Stein
Abstract Hispanic and White undergraduates (N = 238) read an online scenario depicting a Hispanic defendant on trial; defendant documentation status (undocumented, natural-born citizen) and defendant background (more sympathetic, less sympathetic) were varied. White participants saw the Hispanic defendant as generally more likely to commit a crime than Hispanic participants. White participants also
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Intimate partner violence incidents reporting by female minorities in the United States Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Lucas Enrique Espinoza, Luis Enrique Espinoza, Rosalva Resendiz, Noe Leal Jr., Jennifer L. Talleff, Zoraya Berlanga Aguilar, Rebecca Rouse, Kathleen Ayako Anangwe
Abstract The study assessed differences in intimate partner violence (IPV) incident reporting to police by minority and non-minority IPV survivors. Data originated from U.S. Census Bureau’s National Crime Victimization Survey from 2010 to 2020. Of 240,000 interviews, 2,255 female respondents (750 female minorities) answered questions regarding violence perpetrated by a current/former intimate partner
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Hard to reach or don’t want to reach? Understanding the significance of trust and respectful relationships in “countering violent extremism” Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-06-27 Clarke Jones
Abstract Contemporary research shows that programs developed specifically to counter violent extremism (CVE) in Muslim communities can worsen the underlying issues linked to offending. This can be destructive to the young individuals those programs target and undermine social cohesion. An impediment to CVE programs is that Muslim youth are often reluctant to participate in them. Through four years
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Characterizing patterns in police stops by race in Minneapolis from 2016 to 2021 Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-06-15 Tuviere Onookome-Okome, Jonah Gorondensky, Eric Rose, Jeffery Sauer, Kristian Lum, Erica E.M. Moodie
Abstract The murder of George Floyd centered Minneapolis, Minnesota, in conversations on racial injustice in the US. We leverage open data from the Minneapolis Police Department to analyze individual, geographic, and temporal patterns in more than 170,000 police stops since 2016. We evaluate person and vehicle searches at the individual level by race using generalized estimating equations with neighborhood
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Learning from indigenous youth to build relations and earn trust in policing Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-06-07 Leisa Desmoulins, Melissa Oskineegish, Kelsey Jaggard
Abstract As part of a local police service’s larger organizational change initiative, this study explored trust in policing. A cultural safety lens was used to hear Indigenous youths’ truths and experiences. Methods comprised three focus groups with 19 participants (age 18-30 years) in the spring of 2019. Researchers employed a three-phase procedure to code and analyze the data. Findings highlight
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Black Muslim perceptions of police respectfulness and stop legitimacy Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-05-23 Arsala Khan, Molly Smith
Abstract There is limited understanding of how perceptions of racially discriminatory policing are complicated by ethnicity, particularly among Black Muslims. Given the dual-pronged discrimination they likely experience, this study examines how racial and Muslim identity, systemic racism, and knowledge of Black history influence perceptions of police respectfulness and stop legitimacy among a nationwide
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An aversive racism explanation for the influence of race, SES, and race-stereotypical crimes on jury decision biases against East Asian American defendants Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-06 Diana K. Phan, Russ K. E. Espinoza, Susan R. Sy
Abstract Aversive racism, a subtle form of contemporary racism for persons who may hold egalitarian values, has been used to explain prejudice by jurors toward Black American and Latinx American defendants, but has yet to examine East Asian American defendants as targets of prejudice. After conducting a pilot study to find race-stereotypical crimes for Asian Americans and White Americans, the purpose
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Do the effects of organizational trust on correctional staff job attitudes vary by culture: A preliminary test with Nigerian prison staff Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-04-03 Eric G. Lambert, O. Oko Elechi, David Baker, Morris Jenkins, Smart Otu, Jennifer L. Lanterman
Abstract The current study explored the effects of coworker, supervisor, and management trust on the job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment of Nigerian prison staff working in a prison in southeast Nigeria. In multivariate regression, only management trust was a significant positive predictor of job involvement. Supervisor and management trust, but not coworker trust, had
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Racial resentment, crime concerns, and public attitudes toward defunding the police Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-03-27 Andrew J. Baranauskas
Abstract In the wake of highly publicized killings of unarmed citizens by police in the United States, calls to defund police departments have been particularly salient. This study seeks to determine the factors associated with attitudes toward defunding the police. Data from a national survey of American adults and generalized ordered logistic regression were used to examine two factors that may shape
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Policework in a racist context: A qualitative study of retired African American police officers Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2022-03-03 Tangela C. Dockery-Sawyerr
Abstract The law enforcement community has faced great scrutiny in policing tactics and their interactions with marginalized communities and experiences of systemic racism. Moreover, increases in awareness have elicited alarms for reforming and defunding the police. To date, a plethora of literature exists in examining policing, systemic racism, and best practices for reform. However, few studies have
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Over-policing Black bodies: the need for multidimensional and transformative reforms Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-10-21 Delores Jones-Brown, Jason M. Williams
Abstract This special issue of JECJ presents empirical evidence, both qualitative and quantitative, that despite several decades of attempted police reform, Blacks continue to experience policing as a repressive social institution, whether they are engaged in crime or not. The research reveals continued patterns of racially disparate treatment during traffic stops, in police response to protestors
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Remember their names Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-10-27 Janice Joseph
(2021). Remember their names. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Vol. 19, Over-policing Black Bodies:The Need for Multidimensional and Transformative Reforms, Guest Editors: Delores Jones-Brown and Jason Williams, pp. 188-201.
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From the field: Why I founded Black Cops Against Police Brutality Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-09-24 De Lacy Davis
Abstract Controlling police use of unwarranted force is a recurring problem within police agencies, especially those that operate in urban spaces. Black people are disproportionately the recipients of such force. Using my experiences as a Black police officer as the backdrop, I describe my journey from rookie officer to community activist and founder of Black Cops Against Police Brutality (B-CAP).
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Understanding the role of race, gender and age in request to consent search drivers Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Anthony G. Vito, George E. Higgins
Abstract This study sought to understand the issue of racial profiling in police requests to consent search the driver. The social conditioning model was applied as a theoretical explanation of the officer based on the citizen’s race, gender, and age. The propensity score matching (PSM) results show that Black drivers (vs. White drivers), Black male drivers (vs. White Male drivers), and young Black
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“I’m afraid of cops:” black protesters’ and residents’ perceptions of policing in the United States Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-10-22 Jennifer Cobbina-Dungy
Abstract Proactive policing strategies produce a wide range of harms to African Americans. Research on attitudes towards police show that citizen distrust is more widespread among Blacks than Whites. However, we know less about how gender intersects with race and neighborhood context in determining whether and why Black people fear the police. Here, I build from the insights of previous research by
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Why we should stop using the term “Black-on-Black crime”: an analysis across disciplines Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-11-12 Delores Jones-Brown, Kenethia McIntosh Fuller, Paul Reck, Waverly Duck
Abstract Official statistics document that the majority of all crime committed in the U.S. is intra-racial. Only crimes involving victims and offenders of Black racial identity have been assigned an explicitly racialized label. Drawing on work from multiple disciplines, this paper traces the historical origins of racialized crime statistics. It examines how official statistics are manipulated, through
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Invisible no more police violence against black women and women of color, by Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-09-21 Myrna Cintron
(2021). Invisible no more police violence against black women and women of color, by. Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice: Vol. 19, Over-policing Black Bodies:The Need for Multidimensional and Transformative Reforms, Guest Editors: Delores Jones-Brown and Jason Williams, pp. 339-346.
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U.S. policing as racialized violence and control: a qualitative assessment of black narratives from Ferguson, Missouri Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-09-10 Jason M. Williams
Abstract U.S. policing has long been captured within a master narrative of colorblind consensus; however, distinct lived experiences between community groups depict grave disparities in law enforcement experiences and perceptions. Orthodox conceptions of law enforcement ultimately silence marginalized voices disproportionately affected by negative contacts with law enforcement. Centering data in critical
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Is it a rally or a riot? Racialized media framing of 2020 protests in the United States Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-09-09 Jonathan C. Reid, Miltonette O. Craig
Abstract This article draws on race relations arguments to explore the nexus between the media, race, and protest policing. The media’s coverage of Black Lives Matter (BLM) and protests opposing COVID-19 restrictions bring to light differences in police intervention at these events. How the media portrays this apparent imbalance is the focus of the current study. Using news reports from major U.S.
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Double jeopardy?: Exploring the intersectionality of sexual/gender group membership, racial/ethnic group membership, and victimization risk Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-07-07 Katelyn P. Hancock, Leah E. Daigle
Abstract Little research has been conducted to explore the impact of intersectionality among racial/ethnic minority groups and sexual/gender minority groups as it relates to violent, sexual, and stalking victimization risk. Using minority stress theory and routine activities-lifestyle exposure theory as a guide, the current study seeks to add to the literature by identifying risk factors for violent
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The influence of community norms on black officers’ decision-making in a large municipal police department in a majority minority United States city: a quasi-experiment Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-08-24
Abstract For decades, scholars have called for and investigated the effects of representative bureaucracy, with some scholars explaining that common lived experiences, or “subject positions” between street-level bureaucrats and community members might facilitate better communication that in turn could lead to consensus or shared meaning in discourse and behavior between these two groups. Building upon
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Officer observations and disproportionate minority youth arrest: origins, outcomes, and opportunities Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-06-21 Patrick Webb, Dennis Savard
Abstract Disproportionate minority confinement (DMC) has been examined in juvenile justice research. However, studies associated with characteristics of criminal and juvenile justice personnel in relation to the high rate of minority youth arrest rates is deficient. Using nearly 100 surveys, the purpose of this study is to identify the opinions of law enforcement personnel in association with official
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Bias detected? An examination of criminal history using the OYAS-DIS for girls and black youth Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-06-08 William T. Miller, Christina A. Campbell, Twyla Larnell
Abstract Black youth and girls are at an increased risk of formal involvement in the juvenile justice system. These differential experiences have the potential to harm the validity of the criminal history measures on juvenile risk assessments. The present study examines the incremental validity of the criminal history items on the Ohio Youth Assessment System-Disposition Tool in a sample of 3,591 youth
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The “Trump effect” on hate crime reporting: media coverage before and after the 2016 presidential election Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-03-10 Kiesha Warren-Gordon, Gayle Rhineberger
Abstract Hate crimes have a broad impact not just on the victim, but also on people in the community. Since the 2016 presidential election there has been an uptick in hate crimes against people of color, immigrants, non-Christians, LGBTQ+, and other minority populations, possibly due to the “the Trump effect.” By analyzing the newspaper coverage of hate crimes over a seven year period, we assess if
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Experienced racism, attachment and the risk of offending among Dutch Caribbean women Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-04-13 Katharina J. Joosen, Anne-Marie Slotboom
Abstract Dutch Caribbean-born women form one of the largest female ethnic minority groups in the Netherlands and are overrepresented in Dutch crime statistics. Experienced racism has been shown to weaken bonds to society and has been linked to (female) offending among African Americans. In the Netherlands and across the Caribbean research on experienced racism and offending is scarce. The current study
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Reevaluating factors associated with negative attitudes toward police: capturing information from college students Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2021-05-04 Jacob Armstrong, Elvira White-Lewis, D. Nicole Farris, Willie J. Edwards
Abstract While a significant amount of research has been conducted in regards to public opinion of police, limited information can be found that reflects college students' opinions toward the subject, and even fewer studies have specifically used students on a college campus as a sample to study such opinions. The majority of past research focuses on low-income minorities who live in transitional neighborhoods
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Effects of officer perception of race and racial tensions on support for body-worn-cameras Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Melissa Powell-Williams, Todd Powell-Williams, H. David Hunt
Abstract While the U.S. criminal justice system has a long history of racial injustice, the use of body-worn-cameras (BWCs) has changed the discourse on racial bias and police accountability. To date, the growing research on BWCs has yet to address the racial tensions that underly contentious interactions between police and citizenry. Using survey and interview data this research evaluates: (1) whether
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Intimate partner violence among nontraditional Hispanic college students: an exploratory study Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-08-28 Fei Luo, Judith Ann Warner, Heather Alaniz
Abstract Nontraditional and commuter students, including Hispanic minority members and immigrants, are increasing within university enrollment. Although there is a national focus on sexual harassment, the dilemmas faced by these often-older students can include intimate partner violence (IPV). Research on risk and protective factors of IPV is a building block but incomplete for understanding and responding
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Exploring the association between organizational justice and job stress among Nigerian correctional staff Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-07-16 O. Oko Elechi, Eric G. Lambert, Smart Otu
Abstract Organizational justice is important for most employees. Distributive justice (fairness of outcomes) and procedural justice (fairness of processes to reach outcomes) are two major dimensions of organizational justice. Limited research has examined how perceptions of the distributive and the procedural types of justice are linked with job stress of correctional staff, and the vast majority of
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Immigration effects on crime in a midwestern, nontraditional destination: a neighborhood-level analysis of Cincinnati, Ohio Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Mustafa Sagir, Ben Feldmeyer
Abstract A wide-ranging body of research on the immigration-crime relationship has shown that immigration does not increase community crime levels. However, most prior studies have focused on traditional immigrant destinations or border cities. This study addresses several gaps in this line of research by exploring immigration effects on neighborhood levels of Violent and Property Index crimes for
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Race and police killings: examining the links between racial threat and police shootings of Black Americans Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-06-12 Andrew C. Gray, Karen F. Parker
Abstract This study empirically examines recent race-specific police shootings and offers a theoretical test of racial threat arguments. Our analysis includes all aspects of threat – economic, political, and racial composition – when examining state-level counts of police shootings of Black citizens spanning 2014–2016. For comparison, police shootings of Whites were also analyzed. Significant findings
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Under-policing and apprehensiveness toward stopping minorities across white and nonwhite officers post-Ferguson Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-05-02 Jose Torres, Timothy Reling
Abstract This pilot study examines police patrol activity, specifically engagement in under-policing, and investigatory-apprehensiveness toward minorities across White and nonwhite patrol officers in the context of policing post-Ferguson. Using a sample of unranked, patrol-duty officers in the United States (n = 887) from an online survey a series of multivariate binary logistic models suggest that
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The color of confinement: examining youth exoneration decisions and the critical race theory Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-22 Patrick Webb, Dennis Savard, Aimee Delaney
Abstract The critical race theory has been predictive of how minority youth are treated in the juvenile and criminal justice systems in the United States. However, the theory has not been applied in explaining the existence of wrongful convictions among juveniles. Using secondary data derived from the National Exoneration Registry, the purpose of this study is to identify specific factors (e.g., DNA
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The influence of race, gender, family, and employment status on probationer sanctioning for noncompliance Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-04-14 Danielle M. Romain Dagenhardt
Abstract Although there is substantial attention to judicial decision-making during sentencing, fewer studies have examined decision-making post sentencing. Further, the interactions of probationer race and additional background factors have been under studied in post-sentencing decision-making. This study utilizes the focal concerns perspective to examine whether race interacts with gender, family
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Racial variations in work-related stress among police officers Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Gary R. Repasky, Richard Lee Rogers, Christopher Bellas, Gordon Frissora
Abstract This study examines racial variations in the experience of police department norms and culture. Using the data set Police Stress and Domestic Violence in Police Families in Baltimore, Maryland (1997-1999), results show that White and Black officers describe sources of work-related stress differently. Whites focus on issues related to the institutional culture, whereas Blacks described problems