In this paper, ZnO porous cages were prepared by a facile one-pot encapsulation-calcination method and used as sensing electrodes for planar mixed-potential hydrogen sensors. As the amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) added during the preparation increased, the size of the individual ZnO cage decreased while the average pore size increased. The hydrogen sensing performance was enhanced

The cryogenic hydrogen turbo-expander (CHTB) is the most core component which determines the dependability and efficiency of hydrogen liquefiers. In present study, CFD method are adopted to simulate the internal flow field inside a CHTB for a 5 t/d hydrogen liquefier. The Ω method and entropy generation method are implemented to identify vortex structures and calculate energy losses. The results show

This study presents a novel approach specifically designed for real-world driving scenarios of heavy-duty fuel cell vehicles, named P-ECMS. The P-ECMS addresses both charge-sustaining and charge-depleting modes of the battery to optimize the vehicle’s energy management. To this aim, the P-ECMS integrates a velocity prediction layer and a SOC planning layer. The velocity prediction layer utilizes a

The present work investigates the regime classification and chemical characteristics of the premixed ammonia combustion in a well stirred reactor (WSR). Three combustion regimes can be classified based on the lowest autoignition and highest extinction temperatures and the reacting temperature increment, which are: (i) flameless combustion (FLC); (ii) high temperature combustion (HTC); (iii) traditional

Green hydrogen (H2) has received increasing attention as a potential fuel to decarbonize hard-to-electrify industries and support renewables’ growth. Compared to steam methane reforming (SMR), water electrolysis can produce green hydrogen with substantially less emissions. Efforts are ongoing worldwide to develop offshore wind-integrated green hydrogen production plants, particularly in regions with

Aiming to obtain catalysts for the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction (HOR) and to construct fuel cells completely free of noble metals, two Ni-MOFs, a Ni-coordination polymer, and a Ni-complex were synthesized, together with their corresponding Co and NiCo analogs. The following N-heterocyclic ligands were employed: 2-Methylimidazolate, imidazolate, nicotinate, 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylate and pyrazinecarboxylate

Fe2O3 is usually supported by inert materials to improve the sintering resistance and redox stability in chemical looping hydrogen generation (CLHG). It is reasonable to apply inert together with perovskite as a composite support for Fe-based oxygen carrier in CLHG. In this work, the Fe2O3/ZrO2/LaFeO3 ternary oxygen carriers were synthesized, and the synergistic effects of ZrO2 and LaFeO3 on the reactivity

The objective of this study is to examine how different parameters impact the effectiveness of alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) in producing hydrogen. Multiple experimental innovative approaches have been examined, namely, mechanically induced electrolyte flow, induction heating of electrodes, and pulsating voltage power mode. In addition, multiple parameters that have been experimentally investigated

The safety and stability of metal hydride reactor (MHR) structure are significantly important for normal operations of hydrogen isotope storage and supply system. Moreover, considering that the experiments of studying the fatigue and creep properties of MHR structure are always time, money, difficulty and energy consuming. To further improve the service life of MHR as well as lower the failure risk

Herein, we reduce raw and pre-oxidized ilmenite concentrates by H2, CO, and a gas mixture (H2/CO = 1) at different temperatures. The results show that the reduction rate of both concentrates increases with increasing H2 concentration. Furthermore, the reducing ability of the three types of reducing gases increases in the order of CO < H2 < gas mixture. Moreover, we elucidate the coupling effect of

In the present study, a metal-organic framework (Cu-MOF) was used as the precursor for synthesis of carbon-encapsulated copper selenides (namely, Cu2-xSe@PCs). After carbonization of Cu-MOF to Cu/Cu2O@PCs, the selenidation process was applied by selenium powder at 500 °C to form Cu2-xSe@PCs. Scanning electron microscopy showed the maintenance of the initial octahedral structure of Cu-MOF after carbonization

The goal of this study was to test the effect of metal-impregnated carbon-based catalysts on the conversion of methane to hydrogen gas and solid carbon using microwave reactor technology. Monometallic and bimetallic catalysts on activated carbon supports (Ni/AC, Fe/AC, NiFe/AC) are compared during methane pyrolysis testing. Catalytic methane pyrolysis was carried out in a microwave reactor at reaction

The fuel starvation in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during automotive operation conditions could lead to severe decay of the catalyst layer and performance degradation. As the fuel starvation occurs locally and induces uneven reverse current inside the fuel cell stack, it is critical to understand the dynamic mechanism of the fuel cell internal performance during the fuel starvation

As a main component of alkenes, 1-octene is the key important intermediate in the process of oxidation or pyrolysis of n-decane or higher alkanes. In this work, quantum chemistry calculations of the 1-octene combustion and pyrolysis were illustrated for the potential energy surface, including the H-abstraction reactions and subsequent isomerization and β-dissociation reactions. The primary β-dissociation

An enhanced chemical blowing carburation method was successfully employed to synthesize a CeO2@C composite catalyst. The catalyst comprises highly dispersed CeO2 nanoparticles within a porous carbon matrix, demonstrating a well-developed micropore structure, an ultrahigh specific surface area, and a high density of defects. Various amounts of CeO2@C were mechanically milled with an Mg96La3Ni alloy

Bipolar membrane fuel cell (BPMFC) undergoes self-humidification due to formation of water at the interface of proton exchange layer (PEL) and anion exchange layer (AEL). Ion conductivity and dimensional stability of individual layers (PEL/AEL) play crucial role in the ohmic resistance/interface resistance of the BPM. A series of polysulfone based composite anion exchange membranes (AEMs) were synthesized

The development of net-zero emission fuels is a priority area of modern research due to the imminent reduction of fossil fuel reserves and environmental problems caused by their combustion. One of the promising fuels is hydrogen, which has a high heat of combustion and is eco-friendly, forms water as the only byproduct. Recently, methods of hydrogen production by microorganisms, which use directly

Titania (TiO2) is one of the most investigated photocatalyst materials, with boundless advantages and applications. TiO2 photocatalysts are a material that has absorption behavior for organic components in wastewater on account of their distinguished properties, including non-toxicity, high photocatalytic degradation capacity as well as excellent thermal and chemical stability. This review focuses

Steel ribbon wound vessel is a preferred type for stationary storage of high-pressure hydrogen in refueling stations. However, it is under the threat of fragment impact and blast loads caused by accidental explosions of hydrogen or other vessels. For the first time, the fragment-simulating projectile (FSP) impact tests with impact kinetic energy range from 1.8 × 103 J–4.9 × 103 J and external blast

Detonation decomposition of methane, ethane, propane, butane, propylene and ethylene in their mixtures with oxygen was conducted in a pulsed gas detonation device (PGDD) with a goal of obtaining gaseous hydrogen, H2. Chemical reactions occurring behind the detonation front were elaborated for mixtures differing in the oxygen content. The upper concentration limits of detonation corresponding to minimal

Supporters of hydrogen energy urge scaling up technology and reducing costs for competitiveness. This paper explores how hydrogen energy technologies (HET) are perceived by Australia's general population and considers the way members of the public imagine their role in the implementation of hydrogen energy now and into the future. The study combines a nationally representative survey (n = 403) and

Proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell is an emerging technology to deliver sustainable energy conversion with the benefit of fuel flexibility. A low proton conduction energy barrier in the perovskite-type electrolytes facilitates the fuel cells to operate at lower temperatures. The design of electrolytes heavily relies on a better understanding of the proton conduction mechanism in the lattice. However

The co-gasification process of Chlorella vulgaris (CV) and petrochemical industrial sludge (IS) was uncoupled and simulated by Aspen Plus. The co-gasification process was considered into drying, pyrolysis, partial oxidation, as well as reduction and reforming. Simulation results showed that, the interactions between IS and CV were found for the differences in CHO, and affected by the IS ratio and gasification

This prospective life cycle assessment (LCA) compares the environmental impacts of alkaline electrolyser (AE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyser systems for green hydrogen production with a special focus on the stack components. The study evaluates both baseline and near-future advanced designs, considering cradle-to-gate life cycle from material production to operation. The electricity

Electrochemical catalysts based on polyaniline derived covalent organic framework-carbon nanotube composite (PANI@COF-CNT) was successfully fabricated by chemical oxidation polymerization method. Rougher surface morphologies of PANI@COF-CNT was obtained attributing to PANI loading with the porous framework, forming a unique well-distributed network structure. The specific surface area and pore diameter

Recent experiments have demonstrated that 1T phase of transition-metal dichalcogenides exhibits superior electro-catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Herein, we compare the HER performance of as obtained 2H-phase MoSe2 (bare) with hydrothermally synthesized 1T-2H mixed phase MoSe2 and its composites with reduced graphene oxide. Obtained MoSe2/rGO composite has displayed a Tafel

In response to the pressing need for sustainable and greener energy alternatives, this study investigates into the exploration of hydrogen energy as a promising solution. The purpose of this study is to identify the common challenges and potential solutions in hydrogen energy transition and to validate their applicability in Malaysia through expert interviews. This research utilizes various methods:

To meet the demands for high power density, enhancing the water discharge capacity of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is imperative. The microporous layer (MPL), placed between a catalyst layer and gas diffusion layer, plays a crucial role in water management for PEMFCs. In this study, we fabricated electrospun MPLs of different pore sizes and characterized their morphology and pore structures

Efficiency and stability are critical for solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) applications. In this study, the effect of airless on the efficiency and stability of electrolysis seawater in a flat-tube SOEC stack is investigated. Considering gas heating loss, the maximum electrolysis efficiency of the stack with airless is 94.7 %, while that of the stack with air is 69.8 %. The 2-cell SOEC stack is

The safe and efficient use of hydrogen energy, which is in high demand worldwide today, requires efficient hydrogen storage. Despite significant advances in hydrogen storage using carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), efforts to substantially increase the storage capacity remain less effective. In this work, we demonstrate the effect of endohedral transition metal atoms on

The efficiency of the O–P catalyst activation directly affects how long liquid hydrogen may be kept. The ideal O–P catalyst activation condition must therefore be investigated. In this study, the effects of activation temperature, activation duration, and activation methods on the catalytic efficiency of a commercial O–P catalyst were thoroughly evaluated experimentally. We assessed the O–P catalysts'

An economic transition from natural gas to a hydrogen economy will require redeployment of steel pipelines and other infrastructure. Mechanisms are urgently needed to prevent embrittlement of the steel in hydrogen service. In this work, we show that poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and poly (ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether (PEGDGE) crosslinked polymer materials can be used as internal coatings to dramatically