Water scarcity is becoming a severe problem worldwide due to inadequate freshwater resources and swift population growth. Seawater desalination is one of the vital approaches to meet the demand for freshwater. However, energy and associated costs with the conventional seawater desalination techniques are incentivizing non-conventional water desalination processes. Water desalination using gas hydrates

The dynamic control of heat exchanger network is important for developing energy efficient and safe industrial processes. In such a system, the control is achieved through bypass stream around the heat exchanger. This work aims to track the setpoint temperature of the mixed stream by manipulating the bypass fraction of the cold stream around the heat exchanger. The implemented control is in nonlinear

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is defined as a neurodevelopmental disorder which results in impairments in social communications and interactions as well as repetitive behaviors. Despite current estimates showing that approximately 2.2% of children are affected in the United States, relatively little about ASD pathophysiology is known in part due to the highly heterogenous presentation of the disorder

KPI-related process monitoring has been of great significance to ensure product quality and economic benefits for batch processes. Considering that different phases exhibit different characteristics, one of the key issues is how to partition the whole batch process into different phases and characterize them separately by multiple phase models. In order to model and monitor batch processes more accurately

A counter-current feed injection scheme is proposed to improve the jet-solid mixing and reaction in the injection zone of riser reactors. By analyzing the characteristics of coupled flow field, combined with experiments and numerical simulation, advantages of the new injection technology are investigated. Experimental results show that the particles distribute more uniformly when the feed is injected

A series of pure CeO2, ZrO2 and CeZrOx mixed metal oxide catalysts were prepared by a wetness impregnation method and were applied to the dehydrogenation of propane to propylene at 500 °C and 0.1 MPa. The prepared catalysts were characterized by TGA, BET, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy and H2-TPR, respectively. It was observed that the zirconium content of solid solution of the mixed metal

We develop a numerical framework for simulating the coalescence and jumping of microdroplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. The framework combines the VOF method with models for advancing and receding contact angles on a number of superhydrophobic surfaces. We demonstrate the temporal and spatial convergence of the framework and show agreement between our numerical results and other experimental studies

Furfural is one of the most promising platform chemicals for a future biobased industry and can already be produced from renewable raw materials. However, its production processes suffer from yield loss and fouling problems due to degradation reactions. To increase our understanding of furfural stability, we investigated the kinetics of its degradation (i) without acid catalyst and (ii) in ten different

The complex structured starch particles were reduced to the nanoscale size range through hydrolysis utilizing low concentration acid assisted with ultrasound irradiation. The synthesized starch nanoparticles (SNPs) were characterized by TEM, FTIR, and XRD techniques. The synthesized SNPs possessed surface activated entities, as many cationic functional groups were confirmed through the FTIR spectrum

In this study, the solubilities of potassium-chloride (KCl) in aqueous monoethylene glycol (MEG) solution and the vapor pressure of aqueous MEG solution containing KCl were investigated. A thermodynamic model was modified based on the data obtained to predict the solubilities of KCl, which was then applied to optimize the MEG regeneration process that is widely used in offshore gas fields. The solubilities

Although easily scalable, the production of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) by means of liquid-phase exfoliation of Graphite Flakes (GF) remains an energy- and time-intensive process. In this work, we demonstrate that significant time and energy can be saved in GNP production when employing Expanded Graphite (EG) in a surfactant-assisted liquid phase exfoliation process. Owing to its increased interlayer

Efficient carbonylation of glycerol using urea with Zn-Co mixed metal oxide (MMO) catalyst has been achieved. Various methods of catalyst preparation were explored for glycerol carbonate (GC) synthesis. The optimized method of catalyst preparation was found to be co-precipitation with Zn: Co ratio (70:30), achieving 81% glycerol conversion with 97% GC selectivity. XRD studies revealed the formation

In Chang et al.,[1] there was missing text on page 1299 in the published article. Following Equation (1), the sentence should have read as: where δh is the thickness of hydrodynamic boundary, μ is the fluid viscosity, ρ is the fluid density, the U0 is the fluid velocity away from the surface and beyond the boundary layer, x is the distance from the acid first coming into contact with the solid, and

Oxidative desulphurization (ODS) of heavy fuel oil (HFO) has some challenges such as gum formation and high level of waste hydrocarbons. Simple calculations show that assuming DBT as a representative component of sulphur containing components in the cut, about 20% hydrocarbon are lost within extraction process. An experimental investigation has been conducted in a three neck glass flask with a mechanical

The incidence of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pulmonary cancer is growing significantly around the world, making pulmonary disease one of the leading causes of mortality. However, the development of effective therapeutics for pulmonary diseases has been hindered by the lack of human-mimetic physiological models that reliably emulate patient responses. Recent

Cold Heavy Oil Production with Sand (CHOPS) is a primary production method used for heavy oil reservoirs with no requirements of external energy consumption. A new model for CHOPS is simulated by incorporating wormhole propagation and foamy oil behaviour mechanisms to evaluate the recovery of an extra-heavy oil reservoir of Athabasca region. The most critical mechanisms of CHOPS, wormhole propagation

Produced water (PW) is a byproduct and one of the major pollutants from the oil and gas industry. PW contains various pollutants and must be treated as per environmental regulations before their disposal or reuse. Thus, it presents a substantial economic and ecological problem in the oil and gas industry. Currently, there is ongoing research on various methods to treat produced water efficiently. Hydrate-based

The research on the potential of cavitation exploitation is currently an extremely interesting topic. To reduce the costs and time of the cavitation reactor optimization, nowadays, experimental optimization is supplemented and even replaced using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). One of the approaches towards sustainable water treatment is use of the cavitation reactor with bluff elements mounted

Considering both intra-particle diffusion and film resistance for mass transfer, analytical solutions of transient concentration of adsorbate inside adsorbents with spherical, cylindrical, or slab-type particles were derived for batch adsorber by solving governing equations using Laplace transform. Assuming Henry's or rectangular isotherm, average concentration inside adsorbents as well as transient

Glycerol upgradation via oxidation is characterised by a complex reaction network, further complicated by the heterogeneous (gas/liquid/solid) nature of the reaction. Thus, rates and selectivities could be significantly modified by transport limitations, especially in industrial reactors. In this work, we have studied the reaction on supported Pd and Au catalysts under alkaline conditions, both in

The corrosion mechanism of X80 steel in simulated solutions of acid red soil and product oil sediment under mechano-electrochemical interaction (MEI) was researched to build a new finite element model through multi-physical field coupling simulation technology. Based on the new model, the effect of external wall defect growth on internal wall corrosion of oil pipelines was analysed in detail. The results

In this perspective, I will argue that we must reconsider how we write scientific articles. Instead of using the stiff style that has become the norm in academic writings, we should focus on clarity and informality. It's time to abandon old conventions that make scientific articles so unpleasant to read.

The aims of this work are to elucidate the effects that bulk solids properties have on the effective drag experienced by large spheres immersed in an emulsion of group-B solids under minimum fluidization conditions, and to analyze the ways in which the different suspensions react towards different applied shear rates. To investigate this, Magnetic Particle Tracking was applied to resolve the trajectory

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) applies numerical methods to solve transport phenomena problems. These include, for example, problems related to fluid flow comprising the Navier--Stokes transport equations for either compressible or incompressible fluids together with turbulence models and continuity equations for single and multi-component (reacting and inert) systems. The design space is first

The charges acquired by polyethylene and glass particles fluidized by argon, nitrogen, and air at different humidity levels in acrylic and steel columns have been measured. Increased bed expansion at higher fluidization gas velocities lowered the space charge effect, allowing the particles to acquire more charges. The low dielectric strength of argon limits the extent of charging when the particles

Two eminent molecular type composition methods (PNA and SAP) are employed to construct new characterization procedures for predicting the phase behavior of petroleum fluids using a modified Peng-Robinson EOS. The PNA and SAP methods divide a petroleum fraction into (Paraffin, Naphthene, Aromatic), and (Saturate, Aromatic, Poly-nuclear aromatic) homologous groups, respectively. Two generalized models

The evolution of the degradation paths of the cells in battery packs is shaped by both intrinsic cell-to-cell variations, also known as cell spreading, and spatial-temporal cell-to-cell differences in temperature and other stress factors. To account for these variations and differences in degradation, we propose a statistical approach for modelling the degradation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) that

Two-dimensional nanomaterials could be potentially applied in the field of brain computer interface due to its significant inductive effect during the ion permeation. In order to tune the inductive signal through the microstructure, a membrane based on MXene grafted β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was prepared and its electrochemical performance was recorded. The experimental results confirmed that β-CD has

In this study, we investigate the use of asphaltene, a natural waste product that is inevitably formed during heavy oil processing, as a filler in polymer composites. The focus of this work is on the compatibility of various asphaltenes, featuring different polarities, with several polymers, including polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polycarbonate (PC). Hansen

In this study, a complete cyclic process was developed for the lithium extraction from high concentration salt-lake brine by using a high flash point, low water solubility and low toxicity diluent mixed with the TBP-FeCl3 based organic solvent. The process was composed of four sections including extraction, scrubbing, stripping and regeneration. The optimal conditions for each section were determined

Different from the mainstream nonlinear multivariate statistical process monitoring approaches, which usually implement offline feature extraction for a given dataset sampled from the normal operating condition, the proposed method analyzes the inconsistency inherited in each specific online monitored sample of current interest in a timely manner, so that a novel monitoring statistic called locality

In this study, we focused on the synergistic effect between carbon black (CB) and multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid fillers. In particular, the surface modification of pristine MWCNT (P-MWCNT) via an acid (oxidation) treatment was used to improve their dispersion, as well as the mechanical and thermal properties of their corresponding natural rubber (NR)-based nanocomposites. Fourier transform

The corrosion inhibition efficiency of sodium caprylate (SC) in protecting carbon steel (CS) in aqueous 3.5wt.% NaCl was studied. SC was found to enable good corrosion protection of CS, yielding a maximum corrosion inhibition efficiency of 80 ± 2%. The inhibition efficiency was shown to be directly proportional to the SC surface coverage, characterized by a two-step adsorption isotherm. The adsorption

Here, we present our current attempt to intrinsically dope Ni0, Co0, and Fe0 nanoparticles within NiII-, CoII-, and FeII-borate glassy matrices, respectively. The system was prepared by one-pot reaction of the desired MTII salt with excess NaBH4 through an in-situ reduction and hydrolysis processes to afford metallic MT0 nanoparticles dispersed into the MT-BO3 matrix. The composition and structural

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is a method used to fabricate initial prototypes out of polymeric materials, with printed parts often being used as load-carrying elements. The mechanical properties of various polymer materials produced under certain printing conditions exhibit superior strength and ductility and may serve as an inexpensive replacement for metal or wooden parts. To gain knowledge of

Power number, pressure coefficient, and induced gas flow rate of a novel axial-flow gas induction impeller with large openings for gas flow are reported. The effects of rotational speed, impeller diameter, submergence, and pumping mode are considered in turbulent operation. Pressure coefficient is measured using the reduction in pressure at speeds below the minimum induction speed as well as from minimum

The Jiggled Bed Reactor (JBR) is a new multiphase lab-scale microreactor consisting of a sealed container attached to a piston that is rapidly moved up and down by a pneumatically powered actuator. Particles and fluids in the container are mixed by this up and down motion instead of mechanical agitators or a fluidizing gas. This alternating motion provides intense mixing of all phases (gas, liquid

Chemical engineering involves a skill set that is transferrable to a broad range of other areas. A case in point is the work that is being done by chemical engineers to better understand and fight the COVID-19 epidemic. In this study, we consider a problem that has eluded the COVID-19 research community, which is nevertheless very tractable with a chemical engineering mindset: the true or intrinsic

Wave-plate mist eliminators are widely employed as gas-liquid separation devices to prevent the liquid escaping from thermal power plants or other cooling towers. In this study, the wave-plate mist eliminator with drainage plates was numerically analyzed and the effects between geometrical variables on two objectives, namely, pressure drop (ΔP) and separation efficiency (η), were revealed. Plate spacing

The Dead Sea, a live pool of minerals and elements, holds ~9% of the worlds' known lithium reserves. However, the low lithium concentrations (30–40 mg/L) in the End Brine and the high divalent to lithium ratio (Mg+2 + Ca+2 to Li+) were obstacles that must be overcomed to extract the lithium. In our previous work, lithium concentrations in the Dead Sea End Brine were enriched by chemical precipitation

A series of zirconium-doped cerium-based composite oxygen carriers were prepared by ball milling method. The results from XRD, H2-TPR, BET show that a solid solution, formed from CeO2 and ZrO2, possesses the mesoporous structure and exhibits excellent reaction performance. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with adding amount of 5wt% greatly increased the specific surface area of oxygen carrier,

This work will break the common sense that C doping of MIL-125(Ti)-derived TiO2 is a key factor in improving its photocatalytic performance, and it can also help to understand the internal relationship between the structure and performance of photocatalytic materials deeply. It provides a simple synthesis method for the wider application of TiO2 in the field of photocatalysis. Compared with previous

The dynamic angle of repose was simulated by computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD) when particles were continuously falling. CPFD simulation variables were fitted by comparing the angle of repose with the experimental data and Ps (particle normal stress) variance. Using a fitted simulation, the effect of hopper height (Hh) and hopper inlet diameter (Din) on the angle of repose was investigated

To deal with the inaccurate monitoring caused by the non-stationary characteristics of xylenol tail gas treatment process, a layered monitoring scenario utilizing stationary subspace analysis has been presented in the present study. Firstly, PCA is applied to establish the upper-level stationary monitoring model. Then the sliding time window is used to capture the dynamic information of the remaining

This work reports an investigation of using a fixed bed of activated carbons to capture CO2 at hydrate formation conditions. The experiments were conducted at 277.15 K and 3.5 MPa. The water saturation of the fixed bed of activated carbons varies from 0 to 100%. The results indicate that an adsorption-hydration hybrid process occurred in the fixed bed of wet activated carbons while a single adsorption

In this work, extraction of valeric acid (VA) using tri-butyl phosphate (TBP) as reactive extractant was carried out. To reduce the toxic effect of the conventional diluents on microorganisms, non-toxic and green edible sunflower and soybean oils were tried as the diluents. The high values of the distribution coefficient and extraction efficiency advocated to use them in the bio-refinery industries

We introduce a rapid anthocyanin-based paper sensor with very high sensitivity and optical visibility for colorimetric detection of urea. The working principle is based on a color change from purple to blue upon sensor exposure to ammonia generated from urea hydrolysis in the presence of urease as a catalyst. To improve sensor sensitivity and optical visibility, anthocyanin storage, urease solvent

This work examines the use of the electrolyte Trebble-Bishnoi equation of state (eTBEOS) in predicting high-pressure phase equilibria in the presence of aqueous mixed-salt solutions. The eTBEOS combines the Trebble-Bishnoi equation of state with a Born energy term, a Mean Spherical Approximation term and a cation solvation term. Shortcomings in the originally regressed set of eTBEOS parameters are

Liquid spreading in thin rectangular vertical/inclined and oscillating porous media was simulated using a two-fluid dynamic model, as a preliminary step in the design of fixed-bed reactors dedicated to marine applications. The model assessed the influence of capillary pressure and mechanical dispersion forces arising from the spatial inhomogeneity of point-source liquid injections in packed beds with

Quantitative visualization experiments and particle-resolved simulations of rigid cylindrical particles settling in a Newtonian liquid have been conducted. By varying the viscosity of the liquid – a glycerol-water mixture – as well as the density of the cylinders we were able to cover an Archimedes number range that spans almost 6 orders of magnitude in the experiments. The length over diameter aspect

Expansion behaviour for a bed of binary mixture of the irregular-shaped particle in Newtonian liquid was measured in two different circular columns. Variation of the physical parameters on the expansion behaviour have been reported. Bed expansion increases with increase of liquid velocity and decrease of particle diameter. Static bed height and expansion of bed is low for higher diameter column. An

Cyanobacteria, such as Synechocystis, have recently become attractive hosts for sustainable production of biofuels and bio-fixation of CO2 due to their genetic tractability and relatively fast growth. Cultivation of cyanobacteria requires shear stress, which is generated by mixing and air bubbling. In the present work, the impact of shear stress caused by stirring and air bubbling on the growth and

Impellers with concave and vertically asymmetric blades proved superior gas dispersion capabilities and power consumption characteristics under gassed turbulent conditions with respect to traditional flat-blade turbines in aerated fermenters. In this study, a pilot-size gas–liquid tank stirred with an asymmetric blade disk impeller is numerically investigated by means of a Reynolds averaged two-fluid

Oxygen carriers (OCs) with typical perovskite structures have attracted attention for use in chemical looping combustion (CLC) owing to their unique tunable structures and excellent performance. Thus, a further improvement in the reactivity and a deep understanding of the kinetic behaviour in CLC are highly desirable for such perovskite OCs. In this study, a series of Sr-doped perovskite-structured

During the last decades, the food industry has seen several changes in packaging technology and applications because of the new consumer demands and market trends. These drivers can be summarized as requirements for high quality, freshness, extended shelf-life, and security of food products. Oxygen scavengers, as a type of active packaging, absorb the dissolved oxygen or the oxygen in the headspace

This study investigated and compared the thermodynamic stability, kinetic behaviour, and effectiveness of a water purification process using pentafluoroethane (HFC125a) and 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (HFC134a) as guest molecules. The hydrate phase equilibria of each fluorinated gas (F-gas) in pure water and NaCl solution were predicted by the Hu-Lee-Sum correlation, which agreed well with the experimental

Reactive extrusion (REX) is a manufacturing technique that combines traditional melt extrusion with chemical reactions, including polymerization, polymer functionalization, and depolymerization (chemical recycling). Single screw, counter-rotating, and co-rotating twin-screw extruders (TSE) are possible configurations, but the TSE is most effective for viscous media with better mixing capability, temperature

Syngas produced by biomass and waste gasification processes must be adequately clean of tar compounds before being utilized in value-added applications. The syngas cleaning by tar cracking at high temperatures is a promising technique, which can utilize different kinds of catalysts. However, their use is limited by deposition of coke layers, which induces a masking phenomenon on the active surface

Mass and heat transfer models of Quercus leaf particles during hydrothermal extraction were developed in COMSOL Multiphysics. The main physical properties used in the model were measured. The results showed that the average particle size is 116.7 μm and after soaking in water for 24 h the average particle size increased to 127.3 μm. However, the average particle size increased from 116.7 μm to 132

Pressure and temperature are the most important state variables for monitoring physicochemical processes to detect deviations that might lead to explosions and to verify levels, flow rate, and solids/gas hold-up. Pressure fluctuations in multi-phase systems identify regime changes and flow anomalies. Pressure signals are the first indicator of a process upset and are tied into distributed control systems