Background Observational studies showed an association between gut microbiota and depression, but the causality relationship between them is unclear. We aimed to determine whether there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and major depressive disorders (MDD) and explore the role of gut microbiota in decreasing the risk of MDD. Methods Our two-sample Mendelian

Background Psychosis presentation can be affected by genetic and environmental factors. Differentiating between affective and non-affective psychosis (A-FEP and NA-FEP, respectively) may influence treatment decisions and clinical outcomes. The objective of this paper is to examine differences between patients with A-FEP or NA-FEP in a Latin American sample. Methods Patients from two cohorts of patients

Background Nociceptive pain modulation is related to psychological and psychiatric conditions. Evidence from clinical studies backs innate temperaments as potential precursors of mood symptoms and disorders, and pain sensitivity. Our study examines the modulation effect of affective temperaments on pain sensitivity in a general population adult sample, accounting for possible intervening mood symptoms

Background According to the vulnerability model, low self-esteem makes people more depressed. Support for the vulnerability model comes almost exclusively from analyses using cross-lagged panel models, showing a negative effect of initial self-esteem on subsequent depression ratings when adjusting for initial depression. However, it is well known that such adjusted effects are susceptible to regression

Objective This study investigated the association between attachment avoidance and internalizing symptoms and the moderating role of parasympathetic nervous activity (indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia withdrawal) in the association. Methods A sample of 109 (Mage = 18.94 years old, SD = 0.92; 69 male) Chinese college students participated in this study. Participants reported attachment avoidance

Background Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for depression, mania, and refractory schizophrenia. Its tolerability profile is established for acute treatment, but less is known regarding the effects of longer treatment courses, particularly on cognitive performance. Objectives To assess the effect of the long-term ECT on cognition. Methods We searched CINAHL, EMBASE, PsychInfo

Background Previous studies indicated that insulin resistance (IR) was related to cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate whether triglyceride-glucose (TyG) as a surrogate marker of IR can detect the association between IR and cognitive decline, and explore sex-specific association between the longitudinal change in TyG index and cognitive decline in the middle-aged and elderly population

Background Misdiagnosis of bipolar I disorder (BP-I) as major depressive disorder (MDD) is common. This study evaluated healthcare resource utilization (HRU) and costs among BP-I patients who were initially misdiagnosed with MDD (misdiagnosed BP-I cohort) versus patients diagnosed with BP-I without a known prior MDD diagnosis (BP-I only cohort). Methods Data from IBM® MarketScan® Research Databases

Background Symptoms of subthreshold depression may differentially affect the illness transition. We examined the impact of cognitive-affective and somatic symptoms on different subthreshold depression transitions as well as risk factors influencing the aforementioned symptoms changes. Methods Adults with subthreshold depression in the Depression Cohort in China were enrolled. Data collection was conducted

Background Appropriate task selection is the key to fNIRS-based major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnosis and treatment; however, there exists no unified rule for task selection, which limits its clinical application. Methods Four tasks were employed to investigate the hemodynamic characteristics of MDD during motor, emotional, cognitive, and combinational tasks. A total of 69 subjects were studied:

Aims Depression and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) are commonly clustered in affected patients. Endothelial dysfunction is an early marker of ASCVD while also reported in patients with depression. Emerging evidence suggests that selective serotonin receptor inhibitors (SSRIs) may improve endothelial function. However, clinical studies assessing flow-mediated dilation (FMD), the gold-standard

Background Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a severe chronic psychiatric disorder whose aetiology is still largely unknown. However, increasing literature reported the involvement of neurovascular factors in the pathophysiology of BD, suggesting that a measure of Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF) could be an important biomarker of the illness. To date, Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Weighted Imaging (PWI) techniques

Background The association of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR) with depression has been investigated extensively while the results were conflicting. We aim to investigate whether NLR, PLR, and MLR are associated with depression, as well as to explore the potential non-linear relationship between them. Methods This cross-sectional

Background Anxiety might be a potentially modifiable risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Evidence relating anxiety symptoms and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) to CVDs from prospective cohort study was still lacking in China. Methods Participants aged 30 to 79 years old from 10 areas across China were recruited during 2004–2008 and were followed up until 2017. 487,209 participants without

Background Prior literature examining the association between cigarette smoking and postpartum depression (PPD) has focused primarily on smoking behaviors during pregnancy or postpartum. However, there is a dearth of studies assessing pre-pregnancy smoking in relation to PPD. Method A retrospective national cohort data from the National Health Insurance of South Korea were analyzed. A total of 392

Background The clinical importance of morningness-eveningness, especially in mood disorders, is prevailing. The differential relation of chronotype with diagnoses of early-onset mood disorders, mood symptoms, anxiety, and quality of life was evaluated. Methods Early-onset mood disorder patients [n = 419; 146 major depressive disorder (MDD); 123 bipolar I disorder (BDI); 150 bipolar II disorder (BDII)]

Background Depressive symptoms and mood disorders are associated with a host of physical conditions. However, it is inconclusive whether depressive symptoms are also associated with cancer onset. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depressive symptoms are associated with cancer incidence in a large population-based sample of men and women. Methods This study examined data from waves two

Background The literature reports that teenage pregnancy is considered a risk factor for anxiety disorders (ADs). However, research on this topic is limited. This study aimed to investigate if pregnant adolescents presented a greater likelihood of having ADs by comparing two samples of pregnant women in a southern city of Brazil. We also observed the prevalence rates of antenatal ADs among adolescents

Abstract not available

Objective We explored the associations of dual sensory impairment (DSI) with long-term depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as low perceived social support (LPSS) as a modifier of these associations. Methods Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of DSI and single sensory impairment (hearing [pure-tone average > 25 dB] and vision [impaired visual acuity and/or

Background This study's objective was to assess the diagnostic properties of the Whooley questions in identifying depression among perinatal women according to previously published studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating the diagnostic accuracy of the Whooley questions in perinatal women. Methods Nine databases were searched in October 2021. All primary

Background Depression is known to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Changes in amyloid β protein (Aβ) metabolism have been speculated as a factor contributing to the transition from depression to AD. The aim of this study is to reveal the time course and state-dependency of Aβ metabolism. Methods Serum Aβ levels in 277 elderly (≥60 years) patients with depression (both early- and late-onset)

Background The clinical manifestations of late-life depression (LLD) are highly heterogeneous. Currently, abnormal characteristics of resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) power and functional connectivity are considered trait markers of depressive symptoms in major depression. However, the relationship between EEG spectral features and functional connectivity in LLD remains unknown. Methods Forty-four

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in rates of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors among Latinx young adults. Given Latinx young adults are one of the fastest growing subgroups in the United States, this raises significant public health concern. Perceived discrimination has consistently been identified as a risk factor and has been positively associated with depressive symptoms

Background The healthy migrant and salmon bias hypotheses stipulate that those who are healthier are more likely to migrate (a selection effect) and unhealthy migrants have a greater tendency to return to their origin communities than healthier migrants. It remains unclear whether the hypotheses are relevant for mental health, although they have robust evidence for physical health. The current study

Background Comorbid borderline personality disorder and major depressive disorder is common and often not adequately responsive to standard antidepressant therapies. Ketamine is a potentially life-saving option. Methods 153 adult patients with MDD were assessed with the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) Borderline Subscale. Data was normally distributed with a mean + SD of 38.95 + 11.54. Patients

Background Postpartum depression (PPD) is a serious mental health concern affecting approximately 17.22 % of new mothers worldwide. In addition to its obstetric effects, oxytocin (OXT) has also been considered to play a role in PPD. However, most previous studies exploring associations between PPD and OXT levels focus on easier accessible compartments such as blood or saliva. Study aim To explore the

Background In the context of rapid aging, “empty nest syndrome” is becoming a major public health concern. The causal effects of empty nest on depressive symptoms have been studied in developed countries, but the mediating mechanism of depressive symptoms in the association between empty nest and cognitive impairments has not been studied. This study estimated the causal association of empty nest with

Background There is a complex and inconsistent relationship between bullying involvement and self-harmful thoughts and behaviour (SHTB) in young people. This novel systematic review aims to establish key interacting, moderating and mediating variables associated with SHTB in young people involved in bullying. Methods The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO: CRD42020192023. A search was conducted

Background As an adjunct to antidepressant treatment, Tai Chi Chih (TCC) is superior to health education and wellness (HEW) training in improving the general health of patients with geriatric depression (GD). This study investigated the brain connectivity changes associated with TCC and HEW in combination with antidepressant treatment in patients with GD. Methods Forty patients with GD under stable

Introduction The aims of our study are: i) to explore whether plasma levels of BDNF/GDNF are valuable in the diagnosis of first-episode depression; ii) to discuss whether there is an association between peripheral plasma levels of BDNF/GDNF and patients' depression severity and cognitive dysfunction; iii) to explore the association between plasma levels of BDNF/GDNF and the effectiveness of antidepressant

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major psychiatric disorder with increasing research intensity. However, papers written in languages other than English are less accessible to international readers. This study examined the bibliometric features of English and Chinese language research papers about major depressive disorder in China. Methods The Web of Science (WoS) and China National

Background Parents play a crucial role in facilitating depression treatment for adolescents, yet parental preferences for adolescent treatments are ill-understood. Past treatment experience and belief in a biological model of depression may impact preferences, and warrant investigation. Methods Parents (N = 143) of teens (12–18 years) completed a survey assessing preference for adolescent depression

Background A strong link between childhood maltreatment (CM) and borderline personality features (BPF) has been consistently demonstrated. However, little is known about the role of psychological adjustment (PA) as a mediator of this relationship. The purpose of the study was to explore the mediating role of PA in the CM-BPF linkage in a large sample of early adolescents. Methods A total of 5724 students

Background Although alertness and activity status are related to light intensity, the effects of seasonal light variability on patients with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have been scarcely studied. Our objective was to investigate the effect of seasonality (summer time vs. winter time) on ADHD symptomatology and on the circadian pattern of motor activity in children and adolescents

Background Suicidal ideation (SI) is a common symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). Accumulating studies demonstrated that MDD with SI was associated with static alterations in brain activity and functional connectivity. However, given that brain is a highly dynamic system, the changes of brain dynamic patterns in MDD with SI remain unknown. Methods We included 60 MDD patients with SI (MDD-SI)

Background Alexithymia is a cognitive-affective impairment, suggested to be associated with emotion regulation. Herein, we investigated white matter (WM) tracts with Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DMRI) connectometry approach using quantitative anisotropy (QA) tractography to discover possible associations between the emotion identification and regulation patterns and WM tracts. Methods DMRI

Background Previous studies stratified patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on their clinical characteristics. This study used this approach in individuals with lifetime MDD who reported low wellbeing, a group of high clinical relevance. Methods We selected participants in the UK Biobank (UKB) with lifetime MDD and a wellbeing score in the lowest 25 %. A wellbeing score was previously

Background Distortions in time processing may be regarded as an endophenotypic marker of neuropsychiatric diseases; however, investigations addressing Bipolar Disorder (BD) are still scarce. Methods The present study compared timing abilities in 30 BD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC), and explored the relationship between time processing and affective-cognitive symptoms in BD, with the aim to

Background High negative affect, low positive affect, and limited physical activity figure prominently in psychopathology, but little is known about the interrelatedness of affect and physical activity in emotional disorders. Methods We combined ecological momentary assessment data with a network approach to examine the dynamic relations among positive affect, negative affect, and smartphone-based

Background Converging evidence designate vascular vulnerability in bipolar disorder. The predisposition progresses into distortion in time, thus detection of the vascular susceptibility may help reducing morbidity and mortality. It was aimed to assess retinal fundus vasculature in cardiovascular risk-free patients with bipolar disorder. Methods Total of 68 individuals (38 patients with bipolar disorder

Background Homeless Veterans are at substantially elevated risk for suicide mortality; however, understanding of drivers of suicide in this population remains limited. Method Building upon prior work, we conducted a retrospective chart review, comprised of a latent class analysis of 724,752 Veterans with use of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) homeless services 2005–2018. Results A five-model class

Background Overweight/obesity and depression are highly co-occurring conditions with shared pathophysiology as well as social and economic determinants. To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review aims to comprehensively synthesize extant literature with a focus on the effectiveness of interventions targeting obesity and depression comorbidity. Methods We searched databases including MEDLINE

Background Atherosclerosis accounts for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). This study aimed to explore the association between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), psycho-pharmacotherapy, and inflammatory markers along with other molecules related to atherosclerosis in bipolar disorder (BD). Methods The euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BD-I) aged over 20 years were recruited to measure CIMT

Background Adolescent homicide rates have aroused global concern and better understanding of factors relating to homicidal ideation is critical. This study aimed to explore the correlates of homicidal ideation in a cross-sectional school-based sample of Chinese early adolescents. Methods The data were obtained from the cross-sectional project ‘Health and Risky Behaviors among Middle School Students

Background Depressed patients suffered from severe psychological distress even after the first COVID-19 outbreak was initially controlled. The longitudinal changes and associations among stress and other psychological problems during this period remained unknown. In this study we investigated stress symptoms and the longitudinal impact of stress symptoms on other psychological symptoms in depressed

Background Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Methods A systematic review of clinical trials reporting on the efficacy of KAP and discussing mechanisms of action, identified on PubMed and PsycInfo. Results Five randomized-controlled trials reported on the efficacy

Background To study differences in oxidative stress markers and antioxidants among patients with bipolar depression (BPD) and unipolar depression (UPD). Methods Data sources. Electronic MEDLINE/PubMed/Cochrane Library/Scopus/TripDatabase database search until 30/06/2021. Study selection. Included were articles comparing antioxidant or oxidative stress markers between adults with BPD or UPD and healthy

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have been linked to a host of negative outcomes in adolescence. However, research on the impact of ACEs on adolescent mental health has produced mixed results, leaving it unclear how ACEs may relate to depression and anxiety during adolescence. Moreover, this body of work has neglected how gender, risk and protective factors may influence these relationships, despite

Background Development of a cerebral infarction (CI) risk prediction model by mining routine test big data with machine learning algorithms. Methods Cohort 1 included 2017 CI patients and health checkers, and the optimal machine learning algorithms in Extreme gradient Boosting (XgBoost), Logistic Regression (LR), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF) were selected to mine all routine test

Background Values associated with neoliberal ideologies are blamed for damaging the social fabric. They may also have deleterious effects on suicidal ideation. Objective We investigated whether neoliberal values were associated with the risk for suicidal ideation through a set of mediating factors (suicide stigma, help-seeking attitudes, perceived stress, and suicide acceptability). Methods A total

Background The G allele in retinoid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA, rs8042149) gene is associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis and more severe symptoms, reported in the first genome-wide association study of PTSD and subsequent replication studies. Although recent MRI studies identified brain structural deficits in RORA rs8042149 risk G allele carriers, the neural mechanism

Background Internet addiction of adolescents has aroused social concern recently. The present study aims to identify predicting factors of internet addiction on adolescents. Methods The demographic characteristics and psychological characteristics of 50, 855 middle school students were investigated through Internet Gaming Disorder Scale- Short Form(IGDS9-SF), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction

Background Heightened body awareness (BA) is conducive for increasing understanding of bodily state and improves individuals' health and well-being. Although there has been cumulative research concentrating on the self-perceived tendency to focus on negatively valenced interoceptive sensations, the specific structural and functional neural patterns underlying BA and their role in the relationship between

Background Different types of childhood maltreatment (CM) are key risk factors for psychopathology. Specifically, there is evidence for a unique role of emotional abuse in affective psychopathology in children and youth; however, its predictive power for depressive symptomatology in adulthood is still unknown. Additionally, emotional abuse encompasses several facets, but the strength of their individual

Background Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is an obsessive-compulsive-related disorder causing clinically significant distress or impairment in functioning. The objective of this study was to assess the BDD symptoms and factors associated with BDD symptomatology among undergraduate students. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to March 2020 in six different universities

Background Structural MRI has demonstrated brain alterations in depression pathology and antidepressants treatment. While synaptic plasticity has been previously proposed as the potential underlying mechanism of MRI findings at a cellular and molecular scale, there is still insufficient evidence to link the MRI findings and synaptic plasticity mechanisms in depression pathology. Methods In this study

Introduction Bipolar disorder (BD) is characterized by a pro-inflammatory biotype, and is a major cause of cardiovascular disease (CVD), consequently causing elevated rates of morbidity and mortality among individuals with BD. Methods The present study is based on a 12-week clinical trial assessing the antidepressant effects of adjunctive infliximab treatment in BD. Generalized estimating equation