Cold atmospheric pressure plasma treatment is currently being explored as an alternative way to improve the germination and growing parameters of plant seeds. However, it is important to pay attention to the effect of plasma treatment on DNA damage of the seeds as well as detailed characteristics of plasma composition and parameters. The aim of this work was to study the DNA damage of plasma-treated

This work presents an electric and kinetic study of homogeneous dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in pure krypton (Kr). The electrical characterization and kinetic analyses of the DBD in Kr are performed. The plasma formation in DBD, excited by sinusoidal voltage at high pressure, was studied. The discharge development, with homogeneous model approach and using extended kinetic scheme, is simulated

The impacts of a low temperature plasma treatment on wheat seed germination and field growth were investigated using a plasma system about the first generation (T0), the second generation (T1) and the third generation (T2). Untreated wheat seeds were set as the control (CK). Plasma treatments of 80 W and 100 W were employed during the experiments. Germination characteristics, seedling growth parameters

In the paper, a novel metal surface nitriding method is presented by using an atmospheric pressure non-thermal transferred arc plasma technique. In the N2/H2 plasma nitriding process, the surface of stainless-steel is treated by the arc root, which shows an irregular movement in a circle-like zone with about 5 mm diameter observed by high speed camera. The discharge has characteristics of high voltage

The rate coefficients for the electron impact ionization and electronic state excitation of the CO2 molecule are calculated in non-equilibrium conditions in the presence of time-dependent electric field. A Monte Carlo simulation has been employed in order to determine non-equilibrium electron energy distribution functions in the CO2 gas, within one period of time-dependent radio-frequency (RF) electric

Many thermal processes have been developed in order to eliminate the municipal solid wastes or produce energy from them. These processes include a wide range of applications from the simplest burning system to plasma gasification. Plasma gasification is based on re-forming of molecules after all molecules convert to smaller molecules or atoms at high temperatures. In this work, the production of fuel

Gas metal arc welding is indispensable in many fields of industry. In this process, various kinds of shielding gas are used, and they significantly affect the behaviors of the arc plasma and metal transfer. In this study, these behaviors with various kinds of shielding gas are numerically investigated. In addition, the influence of the electrical conductivity of the metal vapor is discussed. Simulation

Ultrahigh-precision machining of glass is indispensable for optical component fabrication and therefore for applications. In this regard, plasma jet assisted chemical etching technologies enable new fabrication processes for enhanced optical functionalities due to their deterministic localized machining capabilities. This technique has been successfully applied to fused silica and silicon. However

We studied hydrogen sulfide (H2S) decomposition into hydrogen (H2) and sulfur (S2) in a gliding arc plasmatron (GAP) and microwave (MW) plasma by a combination of 0D and 2D models. The conversion, energy efficiency, and plasma distribution are examined for different discharge conditions, and validated with available experiments from literature. Furthermore, a comparison is made between GAP and MW plasma

Combining dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) structures into conventional point-to-plane corona discharge structures indicates the underlying mechanism of modifications from atmospheric streamer cold plasma (SCP) on curved surfaces. We performed SCP treatment on cabbage and rice seeds as biological samples due to their curved and well-defined surfaces. The results indicate that under given treatment

In this work, we investigated the possibidlxlity to control both gas-phase chemistry and silicon etching kinetics in C4F8 + O2 + Ar inductively coupled plasma by changes in O2/Ar, C4F8/O2 and C4F8/Ar mixing ratios at the constant fraction of the rest component (50%), gas pressure (10 mTorr), input power (700 W) and bias power (200 W). The combination of plasma diagnostics and modeling tools allowed

Plasma atomization technology is able to both melt and atomize a material which is fed into the converging plasma jets as a wire. Temperature and velocity distribution in a plasma jet obtained at the outer region of a plasma torch is very important to melt a solid wire and to disintegrate the liquid metal into fine spherical particles. In this study, a non-transferred arc plasma torch is designed and

A possibility of deposition from laser-induced plasma is investigated in search for an economic and simple method for obtaining isotopic compounds from enriched gaseous precursors although no isotopic compounds are used in this the proof-of-principle work. A breakdown in mixtures of BCl3 and BCl3 with hydrogen, argon, and methane are studied both theoretically and experimentally. Equilibrium chemistry

The Editor-in-Chief would like to alert readers that due to an administrative error, the article [1] has been republished in the same journal as [2]. The correct citation for this article should be the original publication [1].

Absolute densities of N atoms and N2(A) molecules and estimated densities of H atoms and N2(X,v > 13) and NH molecules are determined in R(He,Ar)/x%(N2–5%H2) flowing microwave discharges by a band intensity ratio method after calibration of the N atom density by NO titration. By varying the plasma parameters: pressure of 8 and 4 Torr, flow rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 slpm, HF power up to 150 W, a high

Cold plasma technology is an advanced oxidation process (AOP), which has shown significant potential for pesticide degradation. The aim of this study was to determine the degradation efficacy and transformation products for cold plasma treated carbamates in water. The dissipation of three carbamates, namely, carbaryl, methiocarb and aminocarb were evaluated as a function of treatment voltage (70, 80

In this paper, the decomposition of pure CO2 into CO and O2 were carried out in a segmented electrode DBD micro-plasma reactor at ambient pressure. With the assistance of gas chromatography, the influence of key factors like electrode interval and barrier thickness on the DBD filamentary behavior and CO2 decomposition process were investigated systematically. Meanwhile, the detailed electrical characterization

The aim of the present work is to develop a numerical model to understand and optimize the process parameters for the growth of carbon nanofibers (CNFs) inside the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition system containing acetylene, hydrogen, and argon gases. Two-dimensional axis-symmetrical inductive couple plasma module is implemented using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.2 simulation software to analyze

Atmospheric pressure mass spectrometry (APCI-MS) was used to investigate the positive ions in air containing acetone (A), methanol (M) and mixtures thereof (A + M), subjected to +dc corona discharges. The results of experiments with isotopically labelled analogues, perdeuterated acetone Adeu and methanol Mdeu, and relevant thermochemical data found in the literature allowed us to identify the main

Great attention is currently being paid to the application of non-thermal plasma in agriculture. Seed germination is the first and critical time in the life cycle of each plant. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) generated by Diffuse Coplanar Surface Barrier Discharge, working at atmospheric pressure in ambient air, oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere in different time applications (60, 180, 300 s)

This study describes and evaluates a low-temperature method for ambient-air plasma fabrication of hybrid titania/silica nanocomposite mesoporous layers that generate and transport electrons. The mesoporous layers were prepared using wet coating with a dispersion consisting of prefabricated titania nanoparticles and polysiloxane binder, subsequently inkjet-printed and plasma-processed by diffuse coplanar

This work has dealt with the efficient degradation of styrene in a reactor system comprised of non-thermal plasma and Pd/ZSM-5 catalyst at room temperature. The problems regarding the individual plasma and catalytic processes such as poor low-temperature activity of the catalytic process and incomplete oxidation of the plasma process were complemented by the combination of both. The results demonstrated

Degradation of Rhodamine B in aqueous solution was carried out with different microplasma medium generated from air, oxygen, nitrogen and argon gases at atmospheric pressure. Rhodamine B (RhB) aqueous solution was prepared (10 ppm) and treated in microplasma reactor at different treatment time and applied potential. The RhB degradation was mainly due to the hydroxyl radical formation, during the plasma

This paper reports investigations on the formation of hydrogen peroxide resulting from micro-pulse plasma discharges obtained in pin-to-pin configuration underwater. In particular, this study reports the influence of the discharge regime (cathode regime with and without breakdown, and anode regime) as well as that of the discharge energy (from 10 to 45 mJ per pulse). It has been shown that the H2O2

Reactive species generated in the gas and in water by cold air plasma of the transient spark discharge in various N2/O2 gas mixtures (including pure N2 and pure O2) have been examined. The discharge was operated without/with circulated water driven down the inclined grounded electrode. Without water, NO and NO2 are typically produced with maximum concentrations at 50% O2. N2O was also present for low

Abstract A pulsed bipolar plasma-catalytic system was used to treat organic waste gases over perovskite catalysts. The characteristics of the catalyst impedances, plasma discharge, and in situ optical emission spectra were represented for describing the plasma and catalyst actions. Compared with the reaction without plasma, the temperature at 99% conversion of butanone oxidation over La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/mullite

In this work, we report on the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of HfNx thin films by employing CpHf(NMe2)3 as the Hf(IV) precursor and Ar–H2 plasma in combination with external RF substrate biasing as the co-reactant. Following up on our previous results based on an H2 plasma and external RF substrate biasing, here we address the effect of ions with a larger mass and higher energy impinging on HfNx film

The increase of diesel vehicle leads to a large amount of NO emissions, and non-thermal plasma (NTP) combined with wood fiber is a new method in the field of exhaust gas purification. In this paper, the effects of NTP combined with different kinds of wood fibers and without wood fibers on the removal of NO were compared, and the optimal purification efficiency of NO was determined by experiments under

Most high voltage circuit breakers in operation use SF6 as the arc interruption medium because of its high dielectric strength and good arc interruption properties. However SF6 also displays a high global warming potential which motivates the investigation of possible alternatives such as CO2–Novec™4710 and N2–Novec™5110 mixtures proposed by different HVCB manufacturers. CB power test comparison between

The statistical thermodynamic model for the vibrational partition function with separated stretching and bending is developed. The model is studied on the example of \(\hbox {CO}_{2}\) molecule for temperature up to 20,000 K with the aim to describe efficient dissociation by deposition of energy mainly to the stretching modes of vibration. The observed separation of bending mode at lower temperatures

Cold atmospheric plasma discharges in air above air–water surface interface and discharges inside water with injection of air bubbles, show interesting properties for water purification. Water parameters during plasma treatment get different values depending on discharge schemes. Detailed measurements of water parameters during plasma applications as pH, oxidation–reduction potential, total dissolved

The environmental impact of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane can be reduced if they are used as feedstock to synthesize chemical building blocks such as syngas (CO, H2) via dry reforming. Methane dry reforming is investigated using an Ar/CO2/CH4 rotating gliding arc (RGA) reactor powered by a dual-stage pulsed DC power supply. Tangential gas injection combined with a static magnetic

In this work, the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized using pulse-modulated radio-frequency atmospheric pressure glow discharge (pm-rf-APGD). By tailoring selected operating parameters of the pm-rf-APGD reaction-discharge system, the experimental conditions for the synthesis of raw-AuNPs with controlled optical and structural properties were found. The colloidal suspension of the size-controlled

The detection of chlorine and improvement in its detection has remained a challenge despite the use of a single pulse and a dual pulse laser induced breakdown spectroscopic technique (LIBS). In this article, we presented an alternate technique for improving the detection of chlorine (Cl) using LIBS in conjunction with an external electric filed. A comparison of the emission intensity enhancement and

Narrow bandgap tungsten oxide (WO3−x) nanoparticles have been synthesized by single-step plasma discharge in deionized water between two vertically pointed tungsten electrodes. Bombardment of energetic electrons on the as-formed nanoparticles in the plasma zone creates defect states. Formation of electron-rich oxygen vacancies on the crystal planes and grain boundary defects have been investigated

In order to comprehensively investigate the discharge characteristics of an atmospheric-pressure radio-frequency (RF) pulsed discharge in Ar/CH4/CO2, a phase-resolved measurement is given in this paper. Firstly, the discharge characteristics of RF plasma in a gas mixture of Ar, CO2 and CH4 are investigated under different parameters. It is found peak power is more efficient than duty cycle in increasing

High-efficiency decomposition technology for volatile chemical warfare agent sarin was developed using a dielectric-barrier discharge (DBD). The power consumptions of the developed device for which the gap lengths of the plasma-generation sites were 1.0–2.0 mm, were found to be 22–27 W, respectively. The DBD driven sarin-decomposition amount per unit time and the decomposition efficiency in the optimized

This study demonstrates the fabrication of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) thin films using the initiated PECVD (i-PECVD) method, in which the initiator tert-butyl peroxide was used together with the monomer NIPAAm. The deposition rates, wettability properties, and the low critical solution temperature (LCST) of i-PECVD deposited PNIPAAM were compared with those of classical

The transport of tungsten vapour evaporated from the electrode surfaces of a high-pressure xenon short-arc lamp, which is dominated by the gas convection in the lamp, determines the location and extent of the blackened area on the inner bulb wall. We have investigated factors affecting the vapour transport and other important phenomena related to the gas convection using a unified numerical model.

The discharge in mixtures of inert gas with sulfur vapors is an effective source of radiation spectrum, which is similar to solar in the wavelength range of 280–600 nm due to strong emission of S2 molecules (\( B{}^{3}\varSigma \to X{}^{3}\varSigma \)-transition). This phenomenon is utilized in microwave sulfur lamp. Despite a number of advantages microwave sulfur lamps have disadvantages that prevent

Abstract Non-equilibrium pulsed discharge plasma using a gas–liquid slug flow in a glass column as a plasma reactor is developed and applied to methylene blue (MB) dye decolorization in aqueous wastewater. By flowing the solution and gas simultaneously in the slug flow system, the interval of the bubbles could be controlled and adjusted for each flow rate. After the slug flow became steady, an electrical

Over the last two decades, atmospheric-pressure plasma has been investigated intensively as an advanced oxidation process for water. This current study is to focus on the generation mechanisms of H2O2 in the liquid treated by atmospheric-pressure He plasma. The effect of H2O2(aq) on the removal percentage of isopropanol (IPA) in liquid is evaluated after He plasma jet treatment. The effects of IPA

The investigation of etching kinetics and surface conditions for KNbxOy thin films in CF4 + Ar and Cl2 + Ar inductively coupled plasmas was carried out. The variable processing parameters were Ar content in a feed gas (0–75% Ar), gas pressure (4–10 mTorr) and input power (400–700 W) at constant bias power of 100 W. The combination of plasma diagnostics by Langmuir probes and plasma modeling provided

The application of an alternative laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) method based on transversely excited atmospheric (TEA) CO2 laser was investigated for the first time for estimating the hardness of metallic materials. The human eye-safe (TEA) CO2 laser, operating at 10.6 µm, was used for plasma generation. The LIBS spectra were recorded by employing a cost-effective CCD camera for the time-integrated

Trace O2 significantly affects the diagnosis accuracy of decomposed components analysis method for spark discharge due to its direct participation in SF6 decomposition process. Therefore, spark discharge decomposition experiments were conducted under different proportions of SF6/O2 mixtures. The influence rules and mechanisms of φ(O2) on the content and characteristic ratio of SF6 spark discharge decomposed

This study considers some aspects of electrolytic plasma in the process of anodic carburising of steel, including the nature of the glow in a vapour gaseous envelope, its thickness under various hydrodynamic conditions; it also examines the formation patterns of a hardened layer after carburising along with quenching in the same electrolyte. The glow in a vapour gaseous envelope was examined with a

This article presents descriptions of theoretical models and numerical methods for simulating turbulent thermal plasma flow with nanopowder growth. Turbulence models must express turbulent and laminar states because both states co-exist with thermal plasmas showing large density variation and transport properties. Time-dependent 3D simulations are conducted based on Large Eddy Simulation using a dynamic

The time-dependent evolution of the energy transfer into gas heating in the afterglow of pulsed CO2 and CO2–N2 glow discharges produced in cylindrical tubes at low pressures (1–5 Torr) is theoretically investigated, by developing a self-consistent model that couples the time-dependent gas thermal balance equation with the vibrational kinetics. The modelling predictions are in good agreement with recently

Plasma technology as an eco-friendly efficient strategy has gained much attention in various industries, especially in food, medicine, and agriculture. This study aimed to explore the cold plasma-mediated changes in growth, anatomy, expression of a WRKY1 transcription factor, and transcription rates of four key genes involved in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids (pharmaceutically valuable secondary

This contribution presents a new approach to rapid and low-temperature plasma-chemical crystallization of perovskite films. Chlorine-incorporated perovskite (MAPbI3–xClx) films were exposed to diffuse atmospheric hydrogen (H2) plasma immediately after their deposition. Several types of surface characterization techniques were used to investigate the effect of the H2 plasma on the surface of the perovskite

The assembly of nano- and micro-scale building blocks on surface has been the focus of intense interest in materials science for years. In this work, (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) carrying one primary amino group was deposited on various substrate surfaces using the plasma polymerization method. The key plasma parameters i.e. pressure and power were varied to obtained the highest density of

The on-board reforming technique for de-NOx is attracting increasing interest because of the fast start-up and size of the device. However, due to the limited amount of energy available from the battery, a full understanding of the characteristics of the plasma reforming reaction is important to optimise this technology to achieve hydrogen production with minimal power consumption. This paper reports

For many applications of polycarbonate (PC) from packaging to micro-electronics improved barrier properties are necessary. In this contribution, silica thin films were deposited from hexamethyldisiloxane/oxygen (HMDSO/O2) on polycarbonate substrate in three step plasma processes by combining a microwave (MW) surface wave discharge of 2.45 GHz with an optional radio-frequency (RF) bias of 13.56 MHz

This paper thoroughly investigates the decomposition pathways of SF6 in the presence of organic insulator vapors by means of high level quantum chemistry calculations with density functional theory. Optimized molecular structures and vibrational frequencies of intermediate products (IM) and transition states (TS) are first reported in this work. Potential energy surface is then investigated with a

High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) plasmas produce a very energetic growth flux for the synthesis of thin films with superior properties. High power densities in the range of a few \(\hbox {kW}/\hbox {cm}^2\) are applied to a metal target electrode in short pulses with a length of 10–\(400\,\upmu \hbox {s}\) and duty cycles of a few percent or less in an argon plasma gas. Fast camera

In the last decades, there have been numerous reports about the separate interactions of a magnetic field and cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with the biological systems. We have investigated the combined effect of CAP with the static magnetic field (SMF) as an effective method for cancer cells treatment. MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were cultured and treated with CAP with different input power and

Effects of atmospheric pressure plasmas on proteins are studied to assess the quality of plasma decontamination and to gain insights into plasma-triggered molecular events underlying observations made in plasma medicine on the cellular, organ, and systemic level. Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment has been reported to cause protein degradation. Degradation products, however, have not been characterized

The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis and numerical modeling of physical processes occurring in microwave discharge supported in two intersecting wave beams in H2–CH4 gas mixture. The transformation rules are defined that allow transferring the results of self-consistent solution of system of equations describing the state of microwave discharge for selected parameters (gas pressure

The application of an independent source of ions working with mass spectrometers and permitting generation of ions at atmospheric pressure from samples of different types is a very attractive solution allowing construction of small portable mass spectrometers. In our study two types of plasma source were used as external sources of ions to analyze the low molecular weight organic compounds by mass

An underwater impulse discharge was used for synthesis tungsten trioxide nanoparticles. The chemical composition and morphology of obtained particles were studied by using X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and electron microscopy. The dynamic light scattering was used to measure the average particle diameter and zeta-potential. It was found that a monoclinic modification of tungsten trioxide was formed