Discharges in liquid can efficiently produce nanoparticles via electrode erosion and (or) liquid decomposition. Although in-liquid spark discharges promote the erosion of electrodes, the injection of bubbles may enhance plasma-liquid interactions. In this study, we investigate the materials produced by sustaining pulsed discharges in liquid hexamethyldisilazane with injected Ar, He, or N2 gas bubbles

Atmospheric low-temperature plasma has received attention for application in disinfection methods. In this study, we develop a plasma bubbling method as a disinfection method. In the plasma bubbling method, the bactericidal effect can be introduced into the water by bubbling with carbon dioxide plasma. The plasma bubbling method is effective for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The conversion of methane to ethylene has been investigated in a micro-DBD reactor with electrodes containing charge injector parts and excited with a negatively nano-second pulse voltage superimposed on a positive dc voltage. The effect of changing the characteristics of pulsed voltage such as pulse rise time (5–7 ns), total pulse width (12–14 ns), and pulse fall time (5–7 ns) on generation rate and

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are often caused by resistant uropathogenic bacteria and can lead to sepsis or chronic renal failure. Cold plasma activated liquid (PAL) has known antimicrobial properties with applications in wound disinfection. The aim of our study is to evaluate PAL as a potential treatment of UTI in an animal model. Based on in vitro tests using a uropathogenic E. coli strain, PAL

Superhydrophilic modification of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (MNPs) assisted by low-temperature atmosphere N2/H2 plasma was proposed in this work to enhance the dispersion and stability of Fe3O4 nanoparticles in aqueous solution. A detailed plasma chemistry mechanism including a set of electron impact reactions, reactions involving excited species and radicals in a N2/H2 mixture was built to reveal

The influence of plasma power on liquid precursor decomposition in suspension plasma spray (SPS) is studied with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The precursors consist in a suspension of titania nanoparticles (TiO2) in water. The precursor decomposition was observed through the emission of the titanium element and of the TiO molecule, from which temperature and density maps were plotted. The resulting

The gas temperature of a hybrid discharge in atmospheric pressure air is investigated by using quantitative schlieren imaging. The discharge is stabilized in a pin-to-plate electrode geometry and operated in a millisecond pulsed-DC regime with current amplitudes up to 75 mA and a duration of 10 ms, applied at a frequency of 100 Hz. An equilibrium composition model is considered to account for the production

In gas-insulated equipment, partial over-thermal faults may occur due to poor contact and other reasons. The main insulation medium SF6 may decompose under over-thermal conditions and produce harmful products such as SO2 and HF, which can damage the equipment and reduce the insulation strength of the equipment. The method of decomposition component analysis can monitor the operating status of equipment

The use of low molecular weight chitosan in biomedicine and agriculture requires the development of new environmentally friendly technology for its production. Combination of physical and chemical factors when using plasma in contact with a liquid makes it possible to fast and efficiently carry out the depolymerization process of chitosan. In this paper, we consider the possibility of using an AC underwater

The activation of Au–Ag plasmonic bimetallic nanocatalyst can make the nanocatalyst exhibit superior visible-light (VL) photocatalytic activity. An efficient activation of Au–Ag nanocatalyst by cold plasma requires the restructuring of Au and Ag species over catalyst surface to form Au–Ag alloy nanoparticles while suppressing agglomeration of the nanoparticles. We here report that the loading sequence

This work presents a study of the applicability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy based on infrared transversally excited atmospheric CO2 pulsed laser for quantitative analysis of main inorganic elements in lignite coals. Calibration standards were prepared by mixing and pelleting an appropriate amount of rock reference material and graphite. Time-integrated spatially resolved measurements of

Plasma agriculture has been considered as a promising solution for sustainable and safe agri-food production. Its applications include germination induction, plant-growth stimulation, post-harvest sterilization and management. For growth stimulation, both direct and indirect applications have been widely studied. For indirect plasma application, plasma-activated medium has largely been tested for its

The influences of upper-coil and lower-coil current modulation of tandem-type modulated induction thermal plasma (tandem-MITP) were studied for silicon nanoparticle synthesis using both experimental and numerical approaches. The modulation condition was set to three conditions of non-modulation, lower-coil current modulation only, and simultaneous upper-coil and lower-coil current modulation. The experimentally

Decontamination of organic pollutants by plasma is a novel advanced oxidation process, in which ·OH is believed to play a crucial role, and it’s potential to be applied in the degradation of wastewater containing unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH). However, the chemical kinetics of UDMH decompose still remain unclear which makes UDMH degradation by plasma a lack of theoretical basis, so the chemical

Laser induced dielectric breakdown (LIDB) on a surface of solid Mo in H2/BF3 atmosphere at 30–760 Torr and in a gaseous mixture MoF6/H2/BF3 + at 760 Torr pressure is tested for synthesis and deposition of superhard molybdenum borides that are needed in many areas of industry and technology. The emission spectra of the plasma and the dynamics of the gas discharge near the substrate are investigated

Plasma synthesis of ammonia is a potential and sustainable way of nitrogen fixation. In this work, a series of M/Al2O3 (M =Co, Ni, Co–Ni) catalysts have been investigated to enhance the synthesis of NH3 from N2 and H2 in a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma reactor. Under the conditions of a volume ratio of N2:H2 of 1:1, a total gas flow rate of 200 mL min−1, and a discharge temperature of 200 °C

A theoretical model on the growth of nitrogen-doped nanocone-vertical graphene hybrid (N-NCN-VG) is developed. The model contains the plasma sheath equations, which are solved via boundary conditions. Using the plasma sheath equations variation of ion number density, ion energy correlated with potential distribution with distance into the plasma sheath is explored. The model is combined with the growth

In this paper, a three-level coupled rotating electrodes air plasma at atmospheric pressure is developed for evaluation of nitrogen fixation. Factors influencing the NOx production rate and energy cost, including airflow rate, the input H2O concentration, blade numbers at each rotating electrode and rotating speed, are examined. Air flow rates prove to have no effect on the rotational temperature of

A novel strategy for the removal of sulfur mustard surrogate (2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide, 2-CEES) by pulsed-driven cold plasma jet was proposed in this work. The effects of pulse frequency and pulse width values were varied to optimize the degradation fraction. A high degradation fraction was obtained using a high pulse frequency or a short pulse width. Under optimal conditions, the degradation fraction

Atmospheric pressure cold plasma has the advantages of high reactive species content, free from the limitation of vacuum environment and low cost in polymer films pattern etching. However, due to the extension phenomenon of the jet, there are problems in the pattern etching, such as low processing accuracy and difficulty in process precise control. In this paper, an atmospheric pressure cold plasma

The scale-up of plasma reactors for bio, chemical, environmental, materials, and energy applications is an active area of research and development [1, 7]. Based upon the successful scale-up of dielectric barrier plasma technology for ozone generation [4] as well as corona discharges for many applications in flue gas treatment (starting with the early work, for example, of Gallimberti [2] and Katsura

The interaction between a cold gas plasma and water creates a plasma activated liquid, a solution rich in highly reactive chemical species. Such liquids have garnered considerable attention due to their powerful antimicrobial properties and ease of production. In this contribution, air plasma was used to activate potable water samples from five different countries, including the UK, France, Norway

Biogas with fluctuating composition is reformed with non-thermal plasma (NTP) as a form of fuel processing, increasing the efficiency and reducing emissions of internal combustion engines. Biogas is a mixture of methane (typically CH4, ~ 60%) and carbon dioxide (typically CO2, ~ 40%) produced from the decomposition of organic wastes that is used as a gaseous fuel. However, depending on the decomposition

Plasma agriculture is an emerging technology, although the application of non-thermal plasma in wheat productivity is still in its early stage. This study deciphers the effect and mechanistic basis of non-thermal air-generated LPDBD (low-pressure dielectric barrier discharge) plasma in boosting germination, growth and nutritional properties in wheat. Seeds treated with LPDBD plasma exhibited cracked

In arc welding, a groove is often used between metal pieces being welded. In tungsten inert gas welding of high-manganese stainless steels with arc voltage control (AVC), the penetration depth was found to increase with groove wall height. The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of the groove on the penetration depth, mainly through numerical simulation. Spectroscopic measurements

Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the conventional treatment modalities of cancer though successful are limited by presence of residual tumor cells, toxic side-effects and treatment resistance, thus raising the need for investigating other novel approaches. Here, we have used a cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) jet and assessed the in vitro efficacy in gingivobuccal squamous cell carcinoma (GB-SCC)