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Calibrating Chromatography: How Tswett Broke the Experimenters’ Regress Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Jonathan Livengood, Adam Edwards
We propose a new account of calibration according to which calibrating a technique shows that the technique does what it is supposed to do. To motivate our account, we examine an early twentieth-century debate about chlorophyll chemistry and Mikhail Tswett’s use of chromatographic adsorption analysis to study it. We argue that Tswett’s experiments established that his technique was reliable in the
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Grounded Shadows, Groundless Ghosts Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-08-05 Ezra Rubenstein
According to a radical account of quantum metaphysics that I label ‘high-dimensionalism’, ordinary objects are the ‘shadows’ of high-dimensional fundamental ontology (for example, Albert [2013], [unpublished-a]; Ney [2015]). Critics—especially Maudlin ([2007], [2010], [2019])—allege that high-dimensionalism cannot provide a satisfactory explanation of the manifest image. In this article, I examine
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Epistemic Separability and Everettian Branches: A Critique of Sebens and Carroll Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Richard Dawid, Simon Friederich
We discuss the proposal by Sebens and Carroll to derive the Born rule in Everettian quantum mechanics from a principle they call ‘ESP-QM’. We argue that the proposal fails: ESP-QM is not, as Sebens and Carroll argue, a ‘less general version’ of an independently plausible principle, ESP, and can only be motivated by the empirical success of quantum mechanics, including use of the Born rule. Therefore
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Front Matter Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-05-17
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Volume 73, Issue 2, June 2022.
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The One Magic Wave: Quantum Monism Meets Wavefunction Realism Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-04-21 Claudio Calosi
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The Interdisciplinary Entanglement of Characterization and Explanation Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-04-18 Max Walter Dresow,Alan Love
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Front Matter Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-04-14
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Volume 73, Issue 1, March 2022.
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A Causal Bayes Net Analysis of Glennan’s Mechanistic Account of Higher-Level Causation (and Some Consequences) Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-03-22 Alexander Gebharter
One of Glennan’s ([1996]) most prominent contributions to the new mechanist debate consists in his reductive analysis of higher-level causation in terms of mechanisms. In this article I employ causal Bayes nets (CBNs) to reconstruct his analysis. This allows for identifying general assumptions that have to be satisfied to get the analysis working. I show that once these assumptions are in place, they
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The comparison of inequality measurements across countries and time Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-02-18 Alessandra Basso
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Jury Theorems for Peer Review Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 Marcus Arvan,Liam Kofi Bright,Remco Heesen
Peer review is often taken to be the main form of quality control on academic writings. Usually this is carried out by journals. Parts of math and physics appear to have now set up a parallel, crowd-sourced model of peer review, where papers are posted on the arXiv to be publicly discussed. In this paper we argue that crowd-sourced peer review is likely to do better than journal-solicited peer review
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Evolutionary Transitions in Individuality by Endogenization of Scaffolded Properties Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-01-24 Pierrick Bourrat
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On the objectivity of measurement outcomes Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-01-21 Elias Okon
Recent arguments, involving entangled systems shared by sets of Wigner’s friend arrangements, allegedly show that the assumption that the experiments performed by the friends yield definite outcomes, is incompatible with quantum predictions. From this, it is concluded that the results of measurements cannot be thought of as being actual or objective. Here, I show that these arguments depend upon a
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Front Matter Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-01-20
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Volume 72, Issue 4, December 2021.
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What are the ‘levels’ in levels of selection? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2022-01-18 Markus Ilkka Eronen,Grant Ramsey
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Everettian Quantum Mechanics and the Metaphysics of Modality Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-12-14 Jacqueline Harding
This article sits at a point of intersection between the philosophy of physics and the metaphysics of modality. There are clear similarities between Everettian quantum mechanics and various modal metaphysical theories, but there have hitherto been few attempts at exploring how the two topics relate. In this article, I build on a series of recent papers by Wilson ([2011], [2012], [2013]), who argues
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Normative Formal Epistemology as Modelling Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Joe Roussos
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How to distinguish between indistinguishable particles Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Michael te Vrugt
A long and intense debate in philosophy is concerned with the question whether there can be haecceistic differences between possible worlds, that is, nonqualitative differences that only arise from different de re representations. According to haecceitism, it can give rise to a different situation if the positions of two qualitatively identical particles are exchanged, while according to anti-haecceitism
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Abandoning Galileo’s Ship: The Quest for Non-relational Empirical Significance Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Sebastián Murgueitio Ramírez,Nicholas J Teh
The recent debate about whether gauge symmetries can be empirically significant has focused on the possibility of 'Galileo's ship' types of scenarios, where the symmetries effect relational differences between a subsystem and the environment. However, it has gone largely unremarked that apart from such Galileo's ship scenarios, Greaves and Wallace (2014) proposed that gauge transformations can also
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Consensus versus Unanimity: Which Carries More Weight? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Finnur Dellsén
Around 97% of climate scientists endorse anthropogenic global warming (AGW), the theory that human activities are partly responsible for recent increases in global average temperatures. Clearly, this widespread endorsement of AGW is a reason for non-experts to believe in AGW. But what is the epistemic significance of the fact that some climate scientists do not endorse AGW? This paper contrasts expert
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Putting theory in its place: The relationship between universality arguments and empirical constraints Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Grace Field
In light of the fact that Hawking radiation is practically empirically undetectable, physicists have attempted to establish the effect as universal — as a phenomenon that should appear regardless of the possible details of quantum gravity, whatever those details might be. But, as pointed out in a recent article by Gryb, Palacios, and Thébault [1], these universality arguments for Hawking radiation
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On the mathematics and metaphysics of the hole argument Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Oliver Pooley,James Alexander Mabyn Read
We make some remarks on the mathematics and metaphysics of the hole argument, in response to a recent article by Weatherall. Broadly speaking, we defend the mainstream philosophical literature from the claim that correct usage of the mathematics of general relativity ‘blocks’
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Best Laid Plans: Idealization and the Rationality–Accuracy Bridge Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-11-22 Brett Topey
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Mere Recurrence and Cumulative Culture at the Margins Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-10-25 Andrew Buskell,Claudio Tennie
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The Conceptual Format Debate and the Challenge from (Global) Supramodality Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-10-08 Fabrizio Calzavarini
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Hidden Costs of Epistemic Conformity: Lessons from Information Cascade Simulations Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-09-22 Patricia Rich
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Invention and Evolution of Correlated Conventions Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Daniel Alexander Herrmann,Brian Skyrms
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Front Matter Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-19
The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, Volume 72, Issue 3, September 2021.
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Does the No Alternatives Argument need Gerrymandering to Be Significant? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-09-02 Richard Dawid
In a recent paper, Tushar Menon has argued that the no-alternatives argument can only be significant if the priors for numbers of alternatives are tuned in an implausible way (gerrymandered, as he calls it). In this paper, I demonstrate that priors needed for making a no-alternatives argument significant are in line with what can be plausibly assumed in a successful research field.
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On Explaining the Success of Induction Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 Tom Florian Sterkenburg
Douven (2021) observes that Schurz's meta-inductive justification of induction cannot explain the great empirical success of induction, and offers an explanation based on computer simulations of the social and evolutionary development of our inductive practices. In this paper, I argue that Douven's account does not address the explanatory question that Schurz's argument leaves open, and that the assumption
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Epistemic and Objective Possibility in Science Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 Ylwa Sjölin Wirling,Till Grüne-Yanoff
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How to be Humean about symmetries Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-24 Toby Thomas Friend
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Explaining Scientific Collaboration: a General Functional Account Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 Thomas Boyer-Kassem,Cyrille Imbert
For two centuries, collaborative research has become increasingly widespread. Various explanations of this trend have been proposed. Here, we offer a novel functional explanation of it. It differs from ac- counts like that of Wray (2002) by the precise socio-epistemic mech- anism that grounds the beneficialness of collaboration. Boyer-Kassem and Imbert (2015) show how minor differences in the step-efficiency
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Depression as a Disorder of Consciousness Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 Cecily M. K. Whiteley
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Evidentialism, Inertia, and Imprecise Probability Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-16 William Peden
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The Counterpossibles of Science vs. the Science of Counterpossibles Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 Daniel Dohrn
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Halpern and Pearl’s Definition of Explanation Amended Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-08-10 Jan Borner
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The contents and causes of curiosity Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-27 Peter Carruthers
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Why trust a simulation? Models, parameters, and robustness in simulation-infected experiments Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Florian Johannes Boge
Computer simulations are nowadays often directly involved in the generation of experimental results. Given this dependency of experiments on computer simulations, that of simulations on models, and that of the models on free parameters, how do researchers establish trust in their experimental results? Using high energy physics (HEP) as a case study, I will identify three different types of robustness
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The idea of mismatch in evolutionary medicine Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Pierrick Bourrat,Paul Edmund Griffiths
Mismatch is a prominent concept in evolutionary medicine and a number of philosophers have published analyses of this concept. The word ‘mismatch’ has been used in a diversity of ways across a range of sciences, leading these authors to regard it as a vague concept in need of philosophical clarification. Here, in contrast, we concentrate on the use of mismatch in modelling and experimentation in evolutionary
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The accuracy-coherence tradeoff in cognition Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-19 David Thorstad
I argue that bounded agents face a systematic accuracy-coherence tradeoff in cognition. Agents must choose whether to structure their cognition in ways likely to promote coherence or accuracy. I illustrate the accuracy-coherence tradeoff by showing how it arises out of at least two component tradeoffs: a coherence-complexity tradeoff between coherence and cognitive complexity, and a coherence-variety
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Cancer and the Levels of Selection Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Samir Okasha
Cancer is often seen as a case of multilevel selection, in which selfish cancer cells pursue short-term proliferation to the detriment of the collective. Thus cancer cells are described as `cheats', and an analogy is often drawn between the mechanisms by which organisms fight cancer and the mechanisms by which social groups enforce cooperation. Recently, Gardner ([2015a]) and Shpak and Lu ([2016])
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A generalized patchwork approach to scientific concepts Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Philipp Haueis
Polysemous concepts with multiple related meanings pervade natural languages, yet some philosophers argue that we should eliminate them to avoid miscommunication and pointless debates in scientific discourse. This paper defends the legitimacy of polysemous concepts in science against this eliminativist challenge. My approach analyses such concepts as patchworks with multiple scale-dependent, technique-involving
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Objectivity and Underdetermination in Statistical Model Selection Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Beckett Sterner,Scott Lidgard
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Mathematical Explanation: A Pythagorean Proposal Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Samuel Baron
Mathematics appears to play an explanatory role in science. This, in turn, is thought to pave a way toward mathematical Platonism. A central challenge for mathematical Platonists, however, is to provide an account of how mathematical explanations work. I propose a property-based account: physical systems possess mathematical properties, which either guarantee the presence of other mathematical properties
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Bayesians too should follow Wason: A comprehensive accuracy-based analysis of the selection task Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Filippo Vindrola,Vincenzo Crupi
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Introducing the Q-based interpretation of quantum mechanics Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Simon Friederich
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Measurements, Preparations, and Interpretations in Quantum Theory: A Comment on Meehan (2020) Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Guy Hetzroni
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Shakin' All Over: Proving Landauer's principle without neglect of fluctuations Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Wayne Myrvold
Landauer's principle is, roughly, the principle that there is an entropic cost associated with implementation of logically irreversible operations. Though widely accepted in the literature on the thermodynamics of computation, it has been the subject of considerable dispute in the philosophical literature. Both the cogency of proofs of the principle and its relevance, should it be true, have been questioned
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Scientific Objectivity and its Limits Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Richard Healey
Measurement outcomes provide data for a physical theory. Unless they are objective they support no objective scientific knowledge. So the outcome of a quantum measurement must be an objective physical fact. But recent arguments purport to show that if quantum theory is universally applicable then there is no such fact. This calls for a reappraisal of the notions of fact and objectivity. If quantum
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Cumulative Advantage and the Incentive to Commit Fraud in Science Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-07-06 Remco Heesen
This paper investigates how the credit incentive to engage in questionable research practices (up to and including fraud) interacts with cumulative advantage, the process whereby high-status academics more easily increase their status than low-status academics. I use a mathematical model to highlight two dynamics that have not yet received much attention. First, due to cumulative advantage, questionable
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Why Experimental Balance is Still a Reason to Randomize Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-06-25 Marco Martinez,David Teira
Experimental balance is usually understood as the control for the value of the conditions, other than the one under study, which are liable to affect the result of a test. We will discuss three different approaches to balance. ‘Millean balance’ requires to identify and equalize ex ante the value of these conditions in order to conduct solid causal inferences. ‘Fisherian balance’ measures ex post the
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What, If anything, is biological altruism? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-06-25 Topaz Halperin,Arnon Levy
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What's the Point of Authors? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-26 Joshua Habgood-Coote
In this paper, I want to start to untangle some of the philosophical issues associated with our practices of ascribing authorship for collaborative work, with an eye to formulating better guidelines for authorship. I will focus on the following questions: 1. What epistemic, social, and ethical functions are played by our practices of ascribing authorship for academic papers? 2. What ways of ascribing
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Philosophy in Science: Can philosophers of science permeate through science and produce scientific knowledge? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-24 Thomas Pradeu,Mael Lemoine,Mahdi Khelfaoui,Yves Gingras
Most philosophers of science do philosophy ‘on’ science. By contrast, others do philosophy ‘in’ science (‘PinS’), i.e., they use philosophical tools to address scientific problems and to provide scientifically useful proposals. Here, we consider the evidence in favour of a trend of this nature. We proceed in two stages. First, we identify relevant authors and articles empirically with bibliometric
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In Defense of the Agent and Patient Distinction: The Case from Molecular Biology and Chemistry Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-19 Davis White Kuykendall
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Memory Systems and the Mnemic Character of Procedural Memory Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 Jonathan Najenson
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The Unity of Science and the Mentaculus Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-18 Martin Glazier
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Distributive Epistemic Justice in Science Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-13 Gürol Irzik,Faik Kurtulmus
This article develops an account of distributive epistemic justice in the production of scientific knowledge. We identify four requirements: (a) science should produce the knowledge citizens need in order to reason about the common good, their individual good and pursuit thereof; (b) science should produce the knowledge those serving the public need to pursue justice effectively; (c) science should
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Which Models of Scientific Explanation are (In)Compatible with IBE? Br. J. Philos. Sci. (IF 3.282) Pub Date : 2021-05-07 Yunus Prasetya
In this article, I explore the compatibility of inference to the best explanation (IBE) with several influential models and accounts of scientific explanation. First, I explore the different conceptions of IBE and limit my discussion to two: the heuristic conception and the objective Bayesian conception. Next, I discuss five models of scientific explanation with regard to each model’s compatibility