In this study, a novel humidification–dehumidification desalination (HDD) system, consisting of a hybrid solar collector with two working fluids, air and ethylene glycol, is designed and tested under climatic condition of Tehran, Iran. In this design, air passes above the absorber plate, while ethylene glycol flows through the copper tubes located on the absorber plate. The dehumidification system

The present experimental and numerical investigation is about an efficiency increasing and/or cost-reducing measure for Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) systems. In such systems, a high proportion of the self-consumption of the system lies in the condensation of the working fluid due to the operation of ventilators or cooling pumps. Typically, the condenser heat exchanger is a component where the processes

Ultralow-frequency kinetic energy mainly in the form of vibrations is omnipresent in the environment, but its effective exploitation remains a challenge. To tackle this problem, this paper presents a rope-spun rotor structure to transform ultralow-frequency vibrations/linear motions to rapid rotations through a piece of rope. The superior performance of the rotor is demonstrated by applying it to electromagnetic

Photovoltaic thermal systems concept is very attractive for two reasons; Firstly, using the coolant fluids decreases the temperature of the photovoltaic modules. Secondly, the heat, gathered from photovoltaic modules, can be employed in a thermal or energy conversion system. Hence, the efficiency of a photovoltaic is enhanced from both sides. In this study, a combination of an organic Rankine cycle

The aim of this research is to design, optimize, and evaluate the performance of the solar tower (ST) power plant. The plant is initially designed for solar multiple (SM) of 2, tower height of 190 m and 10 h of full load thermal energy storage (TES). The initial design of the plant is optimized for number of full load storage hours, tower height and SM using multi-objective optimization technique.

In response to the gradual degradation of natural sources, there is a growing interest in adopting renewable resources for various building energy supply. In this study, a comprehensive life cycle assessment approach is proposed for a renewable multi-energy system (MES) to evaluate its primary energy consumption, economy cost and carbon emission from cradle to grave. The MES, consisting of passive

The aim of this work was to provide a complete exergy and energy analysis of three biogas upgrading technologies: amine scrubbing, water scrubbing and membrane separation processes. Biogas production and treatment represents a key-process for the application of Circular Economy principles, since allows to reuse/reconvert industrial by-products or agro-industrial waste in a product that can be used

A novel solar power tower system that integrates with the cascade supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton-steam Rankine cycle is proposed to tackle the challenges of a simple supercritical carbon dioxide system in solar power systems. It provides a large storage capacity and can react to the fluctuation of solar radiation by adjusting the mass flow rate of molten salts in the receiver and heat exchanger

This paper investigates the energy loss due to rotor aging for a wind turbine and its recovery. Energy loss for a wind turbine is caused by formation of dust and bugs, and corrosion and erosion of the surface of the rotor by sand and rain. We present a real-time data-driven optimization algorithm that uses dither and demodulation signals to recover the energy loss by extracting online the sensitivity

An important aspect of planning the future expansion of wind energy is the consideration of changes in available wind resources due to climate change. In previous studies simulations of the future behavior of wind resources were derived from regional climate models at coarse spatial resolutions not suitable for wind energy potential assessment at the wind turbine scale. Thus, this study investigates

The cold chain industry related to people's livelihood in China is developing rapidly today. The energy efficiency level and environmentally-friendly characteristics of cold chain equipment need to be enhanced and improved urgently. The CO2 booster refrigeration systems (BRS) are widely used and developed in European supermarkets due to outstanding environmental benefits. The two objectives of this

A new theoretical model of the thermally self-sustained proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is proposed, where syngas is preheated by the heat from the reaction in the fuel cell and water gas shift reactions, and the endothermic steam reforming process of methane is maintained by absorbing a part of the combustion heat of residuary hydrogen from the fuel cell. Based on some thermal equilibrium

An irreversible thermionic generator model utilizing the structure of van der Waals heterostructure is proposed, in which various irreversibilities are taken into account. Analytical expressions of efficiency and output power of the thermionic generator are derived by the combination of non-equilibrium thermodynamics and finite time thermodynamics. Relations among thermionic generator performances

This paper investigates several new hybrid cycles combining a solid/gas sorption refrigeration cycle with a Rankine cycle, and targeting three key functions: they are able to recover low-grade heat (for instance industrial waste heat), to store this energy, and to convert it into cold and/or power. Five operating modes have been designed, for either prevailing cold production or power generation. A

With the recent development of thermoelectric materials, thermoelectric generators (TEGs) have become a technology with a huge potential in the energy recovery field. A TEG module consisted of 199 cascade couples was analyzed by a one-dimensional steady-state thermodynamic model. Meanwhile, using the thermodynamic analysis results, two discrete objective functions for the output power and efficiency

Optical fiber solar lighting systems are an appealing approach for illumination applications with the aim of reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions from artificial lighting. This study presented the design, construction and assessment of an optical fiber based hybrid solar lighting system for illumination of interior spaces. The proposed system combines the features of optical fiber

In this paper for the first time the Moving Line Source (MLS) model is combined with a depth-resolved Thermal Response Test (TRT). The latter was performed in a heterogeneous and groundwater rich subsoil, composed by a layering of silty sand, medium-fine sand and coarse-medium sand, with a layer of clayey silt separating a shallow aquifer from a deep one. The temperature evolution in the ground along

The single diode Rsh-model is considered to be an accurate and time-efficient modeling method for photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, the implicit equation in the model increases the complexity of solution. In this paper, after analyzing the parameters on the electrical characteristics of PV modules, a pure heuristic iterative method is proposed to extract the five parameters and to solve the implicit

The highest economic and environmental costs of wastewater treatment plants are related to waste disposal, which is mainly sludge disposal, and energy supply. Such challenges are even more critical in islands, where there are many environmental, landscape, and geographical constraints that make the use of conventional technologies difficult. For this reason, a geothermal energy system for wastewater

One of the most critical issues in configuration selection, design, and optimization of energy systems is access to an efficient system considering all the sustainability limitations. Therefore, in this paper, three scenarios for utilizing the waste heat from a solar gas turbine power plant with a sustainability approach have been investigated. In these scenarios, the waste heat is used as a heat source

Water management of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is critical to fuel cell performance. Appropriate PEMFC humidity can not only improve the performance and efficiency of the fuel cell, but also prevent irreversible degradation of internal compositions such as catalysts and membrane. In this paper, a dynamic water management model of PEMFC system is established, and an Active Disturbance

Harvesting maximum power from a partially shaded photovoltaic array is a critical issue that attracts the attention of several researchers. As per the literature, it is found that providing an optimal reconfigured pattern of the shaded photovoltaic array is an optimal solution for this issue. Therefore, in this paper, an innovative fitness function has been considered with the artificial ecosystem-based

Many waste heat recovery and biomass applications offer opportunities for small-scale steam turbines to produce electricity and to improve systems’ energy efficiency. However, the currently used axial turbine-based technology is generally characterized by a relatively large physical size and poor design and off-design performances. To overcome these challenges, a new compact water-cooled high-speed

The Allam cycle is one of the most promising oxy-combustion systems and has attracted much attention from the energy industry. A novel layout of the Allam cycle, which combines a reheating configuration with the original Allam cycle, was proposed in the present study. The effects of key variables on the net cycle efficiency and net specific work of the new system were investigated. The Allam cycle

The distribution characteristics of air density in China were modelled on a high-spatial-resolution scale (4000 m × 4000 m) and the absolute error was calculated by comparing with constant air density. Daily mean air pressure and air temperature time series from 2403 meteorological stations for the period 1998–2018 were used to compute air density at the hub height of a typical wind turbine. The statistical

This study offered a novel optimization model to design hybrid solar photovoltaic systems. In addition, the model was able to compare results from conventional photovoltaic panel systems to combined cooling, heating and power systems coupled with concentrated photovoltaic/thermal technology. In the trigeneration system, the concentrated photovoltaic/thermal collector, operating with an absorption chiller

This paper presents an advanced variant of teaching learning based algorithm (TLBO) called either-or teaching learning based algorithm (EOTLBO) to extract accurate and reliable parameters of solar photovoltaic (PV) models. EOTLBO synergizes three enhanced strategies to accelerate the convergence rate and boost the search efficiency of TLBO. (i) A median learner based teacher phase excluding the mean

Fault diagnosis of photovoltaic (PV) systems is a crucial task to guarantee security, increase productivity, efficiency, and availability. In this regard, numerous diagnosis methods have been developed. Methods requiring the interruption of power production are not adequate for economic reasons. The development of large-scale PV plants and the objective of maintenance cost reduction push toward the

An improved Harris hawks optimization is proposed in this work to facilitate the simulation of an efficient photovoltaic system and extraction of unknown parameters, which combines horizontal and vertical crossover mechanism of the crisscross optimizer and Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm, named CCNMHHO. In CCNMHHO, the cores appeared in the crisscross optimizer are utilized to enrich the information

This paper presents the results related to the performance of two expanders running in parallel in a regenerative ORC system. Scroll expanders with nominal outputs of 1 kWe were used. The heat source was a prototypical biomass boiler with a nominal output of 40 kWt. An HFE7100 low-boiling fluid was used as a working medium. The research was conducted at selected flow rates and at various temperatures

Since the precooler and the recuperator are the largest components of a supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle, their design can substantially affect the performance and size of the whole system. Although the design of a precooler with zigzag channel geometry as an alternative to straight channels can reduce its size significantly, the applicability of available correlations (e.g. 0.7 < Pr<2.2)

Organic Flash Cycles (OFCs) provide a good temperature match between the heat source fluid and the working fluid; however, the heat loss from the saturated liquid in the flash separator reduces the efficiency. Regeneration can recover much of the heat from the saturated liquid to preheat the working fluid to improve the thermodynamic performance. The interactions between the evaporation and the flash

Renewable energy systems (RES) in buildings are designed to operate over their lifetime. Considering only present-day data in the pre-project planning phase, which is common in optimization studies, without taking into account the potential future changes in influential parameters such as climate and energy price data may lead to inappropriate solutions for long-term operation. Therefore, this study

An engine waste heat driven combined power and refrigeration system, comprised of a regenerative supercritical CO2 Brayton cycle (RSCBC) and an ejector expansion refrigeration cycle (EERC), is proposed. In this system, the RSCBC is adopted as the topping cycle to generate power by recovering the high-temperature waste heat of engine. Meanwhile, the power is utilized by the compressor in the EERC. Such

Seawater desalination is a viable source of potable water, particularly for the coastal and remote areas. However, their sustainability is limited by the intensive energy demand of the present methods. Renewable energy is an inexhaustible source of energy, accompanied by cost reduction benefits and clean power generations. Seawater desalination powered with renewable energy sources is being attractive

Supercritical CO2 cycle has an optimal performance when the cycle minimum temperature is around the critical temperature (31 °C), which is impossible at hot climatic conditions. To solve this problem, this work hybridizes a supercritical CO2 cycle with an ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) to cool the minimum temperature of the cycle to be about 31 °C and hence achieving the highest possible performance

Co-processing of ligno-cellulosic bio-oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) in an existing refinery for the production of gasoline with renewable carbon has demonstrated a good technical and economic feasibility and the potential to partial replace the petroleum-derived gasoline. The co-processing of VGO and algae hydrothermal liquefaction oil (AHTLO) has drawn attention and showed the highly technical feasibility

Inspired by observing the motions of vessels at sea, the E-Motions has been proposed as an innovative concept capable of converting wave (and wind) induced roll oscillations on multipurpose offshore floating platforms into electricity. The device can be integrated, theoretically, into any type of offshore floating structure, given its simple 3-component design: floating platform, encasing and sliding

Stricter emission regulations and variability of fuel prices pose the focus on the optimization of steam turbine based propulsion plants of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) ships. The efficiency of such a propulsion plant has been improved in this work by studying the introduction of reheating and preheating stages in the onboard regenerative Rankine cycle. A thermodynamic model of the propulsion plant

Humidification-dehumidification desalination systems are best suited for small-scale and off-grid applications. The primary drawback of humidification-dehumidification systems is their low thermal performance. Thermodynamic balancing of the heat and mass exchange processes between the humidifier and dehumidifier can substantially improve their performance. The optimal thermal design is still needed;

The Microwave Assisted Spark Ignition system is a novel and potential ignition method to improve efficiency of spark ignition engines. To better understand the coupling mechanisms/characteristics between microwaves and spark plasma, experiments were conducted to visualize spark discharge and flame development with microwave emitted in a Constant Volume Combustion Chamber. The operation parameters varied

In order to improve the energy harvesting efficiency of the piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH), we propose a multifunctional U-shaped piezoelectric coupled beam (MUPCB) that has a high energy harvesting efficiency for an uniform strain in its piezoelectric coupled segments (PCSs) in the process of vibration. The forced-vibration experiments of the MUPCB are designed and conducted with the consideration

It is anticipated that achievement of the Paris Climate Agreement goals will require widespread deployment of negative emission technologies (NETs). The most prominent NET is bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is typically envisioned to use terrestrial crops as feedstock. Several recent studies have focused on aquatic BECCS (A-BECCS), making use of microalgae or macroalgae as

This work presents a profitability analysis of a novel route to produce biomethane and synthetic natural gas through Power-to-Gas technology. Differently to traditional Power-to-Gas processes, the process configuration herein proposed allows to produce biomethane even if a source of hydrogen is not available. The novelties of this work are both the new process configuration and the comparison among

Today, due to the increasing trend of energy demand in the world, the use of energy types with the approach of maximizing the efficiency of energy systems is inevitable. In this paper, an integrated power generation system consisting of low-temperature organic Rankine cycle, gas and steam combined power plant and Kalina power generation unit is developed and analyzed. Liquefied natural gas regasification

The best function form to predict the panel’s temperature (Tpanel) is found for a product family of polycrystalline solar panels, with the nominal capacities of 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 320 W. For this purpose, genetic programming is used. Experimental data recorded throughout a year is employed while in addition to solar radiation, ambient temperature, and wind velocity

The accuracy of extracting the unknown parameters of photovoltaic models is closely related with the effectiveness of modeling, simulating, and controlling photovoltaic systems. Metaheuristics have been widely used for improving the accuracy of extracting the unknown parameters of photovoltaic models. Despite the success of such techniques in this application area, they require parameter adjustment

This paper introduces a hybrid ocean wave-current energy converter (HWCEC) that harvests energy from ocean waves and current simultaneously with a single power takeoff. The wave energy is extracted through relative heaving motion between a floating buoy and a submerged second body, while the current energy is extracted using a marine current turbine. Energy from both sources is integrated by a hybrid

This paper presents a framework of exergy analysis to evaluate the performance of the condensing dehumidification and the desiccant wheel dehumidification. The performance of two dehumidification methods are compared for pure dehumidification purposes based on proposed dehumidification systems that undertake only the latent load. An air-source heat pump is adopted in the dehumidification systems to

One of the most vital concerns in evaluating power generation systems is the comprehensive review of all useful indexes. In the vast range of researches regarding renewable energy systems, just the thermodynamic performance of a typical power plant is considered without solar system operating time management. Thus, in this paper, a novel approach, simultaneous dynamic simulation, and conventional thermodynamic