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Chemical characterization of heavy actinides and light transactinides – Experimental achievements at JAEA Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Yuichiro NAGAME, Tetsuya K. SATO
The chemical characterization of the heaviest elements at the farthest reach of the periodic table (PT) and the classification of these elements in the PT are undoubtedly crucial and challenging subjects in chemical and physical sciences. The elucidation of the influence of relativistic effects on their outermost electronic configuration is also a critical and fascinating aspect. However, the heaviest
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Kawai-type multianvil ultrahigh-pressure technology Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Tetsuo IRIFUNE
Since the large-volume press with a double-stage multianvil system was created by the late Professor Naoto Kawai, this apparatus (Kawai-type multianvil apparatus or KMA) has been developed for higher-pressure generation, in situ X-ray and neutron observations, deformation experiments, measurements of physical properties, synthesis of high-pressure phases, etc., utilizing its large sample volume and
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Physical mechanism of core-collapse supernovae that neutrinos drive Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Shoichi YAMADA, Hiroki NAGAKURA, Ryuichiro AKAHO, Akira HARADA, Shun FURUSAWA, Wakana IWAKAMI, Hirotada OKAWA, Hideo MATSUFURU, Kohsuke SUMIYOSHI
The current understanding of the mechanism of core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe), one of the most energetic events in the universe associated with the death of massive stars and the main formation channel of compact objects such as neutron stars and black holes, is reviewed for broad readers from different disciplines of science who may not be familiar with the object. Therefore, we emphasize the physical
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Projection mapping technologies: A review of current trends and future directions Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Daisuke IWAI
This study summarizes current trends and future directions in projection mapping technologies. Projection mapping seamlessly merges the virtual and real worlds through projected imagery onto physical surfaces, creating an augmented reality environment. Beyond traditional applications in advertising, art, and entertainment, various fields, including medical surgery, product design, and telecommunications
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Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene in Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii strains inhabiting in cold and warm sea waters Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Yoshie UCHIDA, Hidenobu UCHIDA, Takeshi SATO, Yuko NISHIMOTO, Koichi TSUTSUMI, Takao OI, Mitsutaka TANIGUCHI, Kazuhito INOUE, Yoshihiro SUZUKI
From the biota beneath the sea ice in Lake Saroma, which is adjacent to Sea of Okhotsk, a diatom culture of Saroma 16 was isolated. Strutted processes and a labiate process in Saroma 16 were characteristic of those in Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii. Similarity search analysis showed that the 826-bp rbcL-3P region sequence of this strain was 100% identical to multiple sequences registered as T. nordenskioeldii
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Discovery of internal rotation and conformers of 1,2-dichloroethane: the dawn of the concept of conformation Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Shinji TOYOTA
In 1932, Mizushima and Higasi reported the dependence of the dipole moments of 1,2-dichloroethane on both temperature and solvent in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy, Japan. This report was followed by their first proposal of the existence of conformers that exchanged by internal rotation about a C–C single bond based on experimental data. Their monumental work marked the beginning of the essential
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Establishment of immune suppression by cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Hiroyoshi NISHIKAWA
With the clinical success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), cancer immunotherapy has become an important pillar of cancer treatment in various types of cancer. However, more than half of patients fail to respond to ICIs, even in combination, uncovering a limited window of clinical responses. Therefore, it is essential to develop more effective cancer immunotherapies and to define biomarkers for
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Analysis of the spatial distribution of the landslides triggered by the 1923 Great Kanto Earthquake, Japan Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Ryo ENDO, Junko IWAHASHI
The Great Kanto Earthquake that occurred in the southern part of Kanto district, Japan, on September 1, 1923, was reported to have triggered numerous landslides (over 89,080 slope failures over an area of 86.32 km2). This study investigated the relationship between the landslide occurrence caused by this earthquake and geomorphology, geology, soil, seismic ground motion, and coseismic deformation.
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Origin of an orbiting star around the galactic supermassive black hole Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Shogo NISHIYAMA, Tomohiro KARA, Brian THORSBRO, Hiromi SAIDA, Yohsuke TAKAMORI, Masaaki TAKAHASHI, Takayuki OHGAMI, Kohei ICHIKAWA, Rainer SCHÖDEL
The tremendous tidal force that is linked to the supermassive black hole (SMBH) at the center of our galaxy is expected to strongly subdue star formation in its vicinity. Stars within 1'' from the SMBH thus likely formed further from the SMBH and migrated to their current positions. In this study, spectroscopic observations of the star S0-6/S10, one of the closest (projected distance from the SMBH
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Changes in the expression of mexB, mexY, and oprD in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Yoshimi MATSUMOTO, Seiji YAMASAKI, Kouhei HAYAMA, Ryota IINO, Hiroyuki NOJI, Akihito YAMAGUCHI, Kunihiko NISHINO
Changes in expression levels of drug efflux pump genes, mexB and mexY, and porin gene oprD in Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in this study. Fifty-five multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa (MDRP) strains were compared with 26 drug-sensitive strains and 21 strains resistant to a single antibiotic. The effect of the efflux inhibitor Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide on drug susceptibility was determined
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Cloning of human Type I interferon cDNAs Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Shigekazu NAGATA
In the late 1970s, crude interferon samples were found to exhibit anti-tumour activity. This discovery led to the interferon as a “magic drug” for cancer patients. Many groups, including those in Tokyo, Zürich, and San Francisco, attempted to identify human interferon cDNAs. Tadatsugu Taniguchi was the first to announce the cloning of human interferon-β cDNA in the December 1979 issue of Proc. Jpn
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Kimura’s contributions on Earth polar motion studies Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Masanori IYE
Kimura’s discovery of z-term in the polar motion (Astron. J. 22, 107 (1902) and Astron. Nachr. 158, 233 (1902)) was recognized as an epoch-making scientific achievement for modern Japan, opening its doors to the world in 1868. Although Kimura served as the chair of the International Latitude Service during 1922–1934 and made efforts to interpret the z-term, it was unsuccessful. The physical interpretation
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Control of interface functions in solid-state biosensors for stable detection of molecular recognition Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Miyuki TABATA, Yuji MIYAHARA
Significant progress has been achieved in the field of solid-state biosensors over the past 50 years. Various sensing devices with high-density integration and flexible configuration, as well as new applications for clinical diagnosis and healthcare, have been developed using blood, serum, and other body fluids such as sweat, tears, and saliva. A high-density array of ion-sensitive field effect transistors
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Complementary use of visual and olfactory cues to assess capture of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel): Implementation and field verification via an IoT-based automatic monitoring system Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2024-01-11 Joe-Air JIANG, Yu-Yuan LIU, Min-Sheng LIAO, En-Cheng YANG, Ming-Yin CHEN, Yi-Yuan CHUANG, Jen-Cheng WANG
This study examined the effect of combining visual and olfactory cues to attract oriental fruit flies (OFFs). Six different colored light-emitting diodes (LEDs) served as a visual attractant and methyl eugenol served as olfactory bait to lure male flies. An internet of things (IoT)-based pest monitoring system, consisting of sensor nodes, a gateway, and automatic counting traps, was deployed in the
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Synthesis and applications of helical polymers with dynamic and static memories of helicity Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Eiji YASHIMA
This review mainly highlights our studies on the synthesis of one-handed helical polymers with a static memory of helicity based on the noncovalent helicity induction with a helical-sense bias and subsequent memory of the helicity approach that we developed during the past decade. Apart from the previous approaches, an excess one-handed helical conformation, once induced by nonracemic molecules, is
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At the dawn of novel aromatics: “On the Synthesis of Hinokitiol” by Tetsuo Nozoe et al. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Hiroyuki ISOBE
A paper titled “On the Synthesis of Hinokitiol” appeared in this journal in 1950 and marked the beginning of a new research field of novel aromatics.
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Diffuse neutrino background from past core collapse supernovae Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Shin’ichiro ANDO, Nick EKANGER, Shunsaku HORIUCHI, Yusuke KOSHIO
Core collapse supernovae are among the most powerful explosions in the Universe, which emit thermal neutrinos that carry away most of the gravitational binding energy released. These neutrinos produce a diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB), which is one of the largest energy budgets among all radiation backgrounds. Detecting the DSNB is an important goal of modern high-energy astrophysics and
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Recent progress in the chemistry of heavy aromatics Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Shiori FUJIMORI, Yoshiyuki MIZUHATA, Norihiro TOKITOH
The aromaticity and synthetic application of “heavy benzenes”, i.e., benzenes containing a heavier Group 14 element (Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb) in place of skeletal carbon, have been the targets of many theoretical and synthetic studies. Although the introduction of a sterically demanding substituent enabled us to synthesize and isolate heavy aromatic species as a stable compound by suppressing their high
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Glancing at the birth of a galaxy of scientists from Rikō Majima Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Hiroyuki ISOBE, Masahiro HIRAMA
Rikō Majima published seven papers in this journal, and seeing these papers and their surrounding contexts allows us to glance at the birth of a galaxy of scientists.
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Developments of inverse analysis by Kalman filters and Bayesian methods applied to geotechnical engineering Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Akira MURAKAMI, Kazunori FUJISAWA, Takayuki SHUKU
The present paper reviews recent activities on inverse analysis strategies in geotechnical engineering using Kalman filters, nonlinear Kalman filters, and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)/Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (HMC) methods. Nonlinear Kalman filters with finite element method (FEM) broaden the choices of unknowns to be determined for not only parameters but also initial and/or boundary conditions
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Biomedical advances and future prospects of high-precision three-dimensional radiotherapy and four-dimensional radiotherapy Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-11-10 Hiroki SHIRATO
Biomedical advances of external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT) with improvements in physical accuracy are reviewed. High-precision (±1 mm) three-dimensional radiotherapy (3DRT) can utilize respective therapeutic open doors in the tumor control probability curve and in the normal tissue complication probability curve instead of the one single therapeutic window in two-dimensional EBRT. High-precision 3DRT
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Proceedings of the Japan Academy — History, database, and trend — Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Masanori IYE
A catalog of 13,591 papers published by the Japan Academy in three phases over a century in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy (1913–1945), the Proceedings of the Japan Academy (1945–1977), and Proceedings of the Japan Academy, divided in Series A and B (1977–2022), is made available for public access. The catalog contains information about the authors, the title of the paper, published year,
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Improvement of patient care using cancer genomic profiling: SCRUM-/CIRCULATE-Japan experience Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Atsushi OHTSU, Koichi GOTO, Takayuki YOSHINO
We launched SCRUM-Japan platform for the cancer genome profiling (CGP) test screening followed by the enrollment to genomically-matched clinical trials in 2015. More than 30,000 tissue-based and 10,000 liquid-based CGP tests have already been performed for enrolling to a total of 127 industry-/investigator-initiated registration trials, which resulted in regulatory approvals of 12 new agents with 14
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Unraveling the mysteries of dendritic spine dynamics: Five key principles shaping memory and cognition Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Haruo KASAI
Recent research extends our understanding of brain processes beyond just action potentials and chemical transmissions within neural circuits, emphasizing the mechanical forces generated by excitatory synapses on dendritic spines to modulate presynaptic function. From in vivo and in vitro studies, we outline five central principles of synaptic mechanics in brain function: P1: Stability – Underpinning
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Recent methodological advances towards single-cell proteomics Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Sooyeon KIM, Latiefa KAMARULZAMAN, Yuichi TANIGUCHI
Studying the central dogma at the single-cell level has gained increasing attention to reveal hidden cell lineages and functions that cannot be studied using traditional bulk analyses. Nonetheless, most single-cell studies exploiting genomic and transcriptomic levels fail to address information on proteins that are central to many important biological processes. Single-cell proteomics enables understanding
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Highly enantioselective hydroxymethylation of unmodified α-substituted aryl ketones in water Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-10-11 Taku KITANOSONO, Tomoya KAWASE, Yasuhiro YAMASHITA, Shū KOBAYASHI
Catalytic asymmetric direct-type aldol reactions of ketones with aldehydes are a perennial puzzle for organic chemists. Notwithstanding the emergence of a myriad of chiral catalysts to address the inherent reversibility of the aldol products, a general method to access acyclic α-chiral ketones from prochiral aryl ketones has remained an unmet synthetic challenge. The approach outlined herein is fundamentally
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On the occasion of the 100th volume of the Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B (PJA-B). Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Kunihiko Suzuki,Shigekazu Nagata
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Chemical elucidation of acute encephalopathy by ingestion of angel-wing mushroom (Pleurocybella porrigens) — involvement of three constituents in onset — Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Hirokazu KAWAGISHI
The mushroom, Pleurocybella porrigens, is widely consumed in Japan; however, in autumn 2004, acute encephalopathy due to ingestion of the mushroom in a large group of patients was reported in Japan. We have continued working on the mushroom to clarify the mechanisms underlying the acute encephalopathy that occurred due to its consumption. The data collected to date have shown that three compounds,
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Environmental catalysts advance focused on lattice oxygen for the decomposition of harmful organic compounds Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Nobuhito IMANAKA, Naoyoshi NUNOTANI
The recent industrial growth has made our lives more comfortable; however, it has led to an increase in the concentration of harmful compounds, such as carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (e.g., toluene), and phenolic compounds (e.g., phenol and cresol), in the environment. Catalytic oxidation using environmental catalysts is an important method for the removal of harmful compounds. To date
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Thirty-five years since the discovery of chemotactic cytokines, interleukin-8 and MCAF: A historical overview Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-07-31 Kouji MATSUSHIMA, Shigeyuki SHICHINO, Satoshi UEHA
Inflammation is a host defense response to various invading stimuli, but an excessive and persistent inflammatory response can cause tissue injury, which can lead to irreversible organ damage and dysfunction. Excessive inflammatory responses are believed to link to most human diseases. A specific type of leukocyte infiltration into invaded tissues is required for inflammation. Historically, the underlying
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Direct conversion of a general antibody to its catalytic antibody and corresponding applications —Importance and role of Pro95 in CDR-3— Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Emi HIFUMI, Hiroaki TAGUCHI, Tamami NONAKA, Taizo UDA
Catalytic antibodies possess unique features capable of both recognizing and enzymatically degrading antigens. Therefore, they are more beneficial than monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Catalytic antibodies exhibit the ability to degrade peptides, antigenic proteins, DNA, and physiologically active molecules. However, they have a significant drawback in terms of their production. The production of a desired
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Research and development of taste sensors as a novel analytical tool Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Kiyoshi TOKO
Gustatory and olfactory receptors receive multiple chemical substances of different types simultaneously, but they can barely discriminate one chemical species from others. In this article, we describe a device used to measure taste, i.e., taste sensors. Toko and colleagues developed a taste sensor equipped with multiarray electrodes using a lipid/polymer membrane as the transducer in 1989. This sensor
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A new era of isotope ecology: Nitrogen isotope ratio of amino acids as an approach for unraveling modern and ancient food web Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Naohiko OHKOUCHI
Food web research is rapidly expanding through study of natural fractional abundance of 15N in individual amino acids. This paper overviews the principles of this isotope approach, and from my perspective, reanalyzes applications, and further extends the discussion. It applies kinetic isotope effects that enriches 15N in certain amino acids associated with the metabolic processes, which was clearly
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Radical reactions on interstellar icy dust grains: Experimental investigations of elementary processes Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-04-28 Masashi TSUGE, Naoki WATANABE
Molecular clouds (MCs) in space are the birthplace of various molecular species. Chemical reactions occurring on the cryogenic surfaces of cosmic icy dust grains have been considered to play important roles in the formation of these species. Radical reactions are crucial because they often have low barriers and thus proceed even at low temperatures such as ∼10 K. Since the 2000s, laboratory experiments
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Cohesin organization, dynamics, and subdomain functions revealed by genetic suppressor screening Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-10 Xingya XU, Mitsuhiro YANAGIDA
Cohesin is a heteropentameric protein complex that contributes to various aspects of chromosome structure and function, such as sister chromatid cohesion, genome compaction, and DNA damage response. Previous studies have provided abundant information on architecture and regional structures of the cohesin complex, but the configuration and structural dynamics of the whole cohesin complex are still largely
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Research overview of L-DOPA production using a bacterial enzyme, tyrosine phenol-lyase Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-03-10 Hidehiko KUMAGAI, Takane KATAYAMA, Takashi KOYANAGI, Hideyuki SUZUKI
L-DOPA is an amino acid that is used as a treatment for Parkinson’s disease. A simple enzymatic synthesis method of L-DOPA had been developed using bacterial L-tyrosine phenol-lyase (Tpl). This review describes research on screening of bacterial strains, culture conditions, properties of the enzyme, reaction mechanism of the enzyme, and the reaction conditions for the production of L-DOPA. Furthermore
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Medical application of the monoclonal antibody SKM9-2 against sialylated HEG1, a new precision marker for malignant mesothelioma Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Shoutaro TSUJI, Kohzoh IMAI
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive tumor of the pleural cavity. Pathologically distinguishing MPM from other pleural lesions is often difficult. We searched for marker antigens to facilitate the pathological diagnosis of MPM and found useful markers for the pathological detection of malignant mesothelioma. Among them, the anti-mesothelioma monoclonal antibody SKM9-2, which was isolated
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Intravenous immunoglobulin preparations attenuate lysolecithin-induced peripheral demyelination in mice and comprise anti-large myelin protein zero antibody Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-02-10 Yuki SETOGUCHI, Akiko HAYASHI, Ayami KAWADA, Ayako IBUSUKI, Daigo YANAOKA, Ryota SAITO, Tomoko ISHIBASHI, Hiroaki TAKIMOTO, Yoshihide YAMAGUCHI, Hirokazu OHTAKI, Hiroko BABA
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) has been used to treat inflammatory demyelinating diseases such as chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, Guillain–Barré syndrome, and multifocal motor neuropathy. Despite studies demonstrating the clinical effectiveness of IVIg, the mechanisms underlying its effects remain to be elucidated in detail. Herein, we examined the effects of IVIg on lysolecithin-induced
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Geochemical studies of low molecular weight organic acids in the atmosphere: sources, formation pathways, and gas/particle partitioning Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Kimitaka KAWAMURA
Low molecular weight monocarboxylic acids (LMW monoacids, C1–C10) are the most abundant gaseous organic compound class in the atmosphere. Formic or acetic acid is the dominant volatile organic compound (VOC) in Earth’s atmosphere. They can largely contribute to rainwater acidity, especially in the tropical forest, and react with alkaline metals, ammonia, and amines, contributing to new particle formation
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Aromatic micelles: toward a third-generation of micelles Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2023-01-11 Michito YOSHIZAWA, Lorenzo CATTI
Micelles are useful and widely applied molecular assemblies, formed from amphiphilic molecules, in water. The majority of amphiphiles possess an alkyl chain as the hydrophobic part. Amphiphiles bearing hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains generate so-called polymeric micelles in water. This review focuses on the recent progress of “aromatic micelles”, formed from bent polyaromatic/aromatic amphiphiles
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Clinical epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology studies with real-world databases Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Satomi YOSHIDA, Masato TAKEUCHI, Sachiko TANAKA-MIZUNO, Kayoko MIZUNO, Masayuki NAKASHIMA, Toshiki FUKASAWA, Koji KAWAKAMI
Hospital-based registry data, including patients’ information collected by academic societies or government based research groups, were previously used for clinical research in Japan. Now, real-world data routinely obtained in healthcare settings are being used in clinical epidemiology and pharmacoepidemiology. Real-world data include a database of claims originating from health insurance associations
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Bacteria with a mouth: Discovery and new insights into cell surface structure and macromolecule transport Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Kousaku MURATA, Shigeyuki KAWAI, Wataru HASHIMOTO
A bacterium with a “mouth”-like pit structure isolated for the first time in the history of microbiology was a Gram-negative rod, containing glycosphingolipids in the cell envelope, and named Sphingomonas sp. strain A1. The pit was dynamic, with repetitive opening and closing during growth on alginate, and directly included alginate concentrated around the pit, particularly by flagellins, an alginate-binding
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Development of liquid crystal displays and related improvements to their performances Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Shunsuke KOBAYASHI, Tomohiro MIYAMA, Hidenari AKIYAMA, Atsushi IKEMURA, Michio KITAMURA
This review article comprises three contents: 1) a general introduction of liquid crystals (LCs) and their chronological developments until their current status, 2) the descriptions of the achievements of defect-free and optically high-quality LC displays (LCDs), and 3) the description of the new and alternative methods for improving existing LCD technologies in terms of high-speed response, viewing
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Phenine design for nanocarbon molecules Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Koki IKEMOTO, Toshiya M. FUKUNAGA, Hiroyuki ISOBE
With the name “phenine” given to 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzene for a fundamental trigonal planar unit to weave nanometer-sized networks, a series of curved nanocarbon molecules have been designed and synthesized. Since the 6π-phenine units were amenable to modern biaryl coupling reactions mediated by transition metals, concise syntheses of >400π-nanocarbon molecules were readily achieved. In addition
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The UHRF protein family in epigenetics, development, and carcinogenesis Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Motoko UNOKI, Hiroyuki SASAKI
The UHRF protein family consists of multidomain regulatory proteins that sense modification status of DNA and/or proteins and catalyze the ubiquitylation of target proteins. Through their functional domains, they interact with other molecules and serve as a hub for regulatory networks of several important biological processes, including maintenance of DNA methylation and DNA damage repair. The UHRF
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Recent volcanic activity at the Asama volcano and long-period seismic signals Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Minoru TAKEO, Yosuke AOKI, Takao KOYAMA
Modern observation systems composed of seismic, geodetic, other geophysical, and geochemical networks developed in and around volcanic areas provide a mass of knowledge about volcanic activities. This paper summarizes the magma pathway and recent volcanic activity of the Asama volcano. The seismic velocity structure beneath the Asama volcano was investigated via seismic ambient noise tomography and
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From Nobeyama Radio Observatory to the international project ALMA —Evolution of millimeter and submillimeter wave astronomy in Japan— Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Masato ISHIGURO, Kurazo CHIBA, Seiichi SAKAMOTO
The establishment of the Nobeyama Radio Observatory (NRO) in 1982 was an important event that greatly influenced the subsequent development of Japanese astronomy. The 45 m radio telescope and the Nobeyama Millimeter Array (NMA) pushed Japanese radio astronomy to the forefront of the world. As a plan beyond the Nobeyama telescopes, the Japanese radio astronomy community considered a large array to achieve
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Functional genomics in plant abiotic stress responses and tolerance: From gene discovery to complex regulatory networks and their application in breeding Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-10-11 Kazuo SHINOZAKI, Kazuko YAMAGUCHI-SHINOZAKI
Land plants have developed sophisticated systems to cope with severe stressful environmental conditions during evolution. Plants have complex molecular systems to respond and adapt to abiotic stress, including drought, cold, and heat stress. Since 1989, we have been working to understand the complex molecular mechanisms of plant responses to severe environmental stress conditions based on functional
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Central regulation of body fluid homeostasis Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Masaharu NODA, Takashi MATSUDA
Extracellular fluids, including blood, lymphatic fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid, are collectively called body fluids. The Na+ concentration ([Na+]) in body fluids is maintained at 135–145 mM and is broadly conserved among terrestrial animals. Homeostatic osmoregulation by Na+ is vital for life because severe hyper- or hypotonicity elicits irreversible organ damage and lethal neurological trauma. To
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Therapeutic siRNA targeting the cancer cell stemness regulator PRDI-BF1 and RIZ domain zinc finger protein 14 Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Kohzoh IMAI, Hiroaki TANIGUCHI
PRDI-BF1 and RIZ (PR) domain zinc finger protein 14 (PRDM14), first reported in 2007 to be overexpressed in breast cancer, plays an important role in breast cancer proliferation. Subsequent studies reported that PRDM14 is expressed in embryonic stem cells, primordial germ cells, and various cancers. PRDM14 was reported to confer stemness properties to cancer cells. These properties induce cancer initiation
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Design and synthesis of biologically active carbaglycosylamines: From glycosidase inhibitors to pharmacological chaperones Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Seiichiro OGAWA, Shinichi KUNO, Tatsushi TOYOKUNI
For over 50 years, our group has been involved in synthetic studies on biologically active cyclitols including carbasugars. Among a variety of compounds synthesized, this review focuses on carbaglycosylamine glycosidase inhibitors, highlighting the following: (1) the naturally occurring N-linked carbaoligosaccharide α-amylase inhibitor acarbose and related compounds; (2) the novel synthetic β-glycosidase
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Metabolomics of clinical samples reveal the treatment mechanism of lanthanum hydroxide on vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-07-29 Chao GU, Yuan GAO, Ruilan HAN, Min GUO, Hong LIU, Jie GAO, Yang LIU, Bing LI, Lijun SUN, Ren BU, Yang LIU, Jian HAO, Yan MENG, Ming AN, Xiaodong CAO, Changhai SU, Gang LI
Previous studies showed that lanthanum hydroxide (LH) has a therapeutic effect on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and vascular calcification, which suggests that it might have clinical value. However, the target and mechanism of action of LH are unclear. Metabolomics of clinical samples can be used to predict the mechanism of drug action. In this study, metabolomic profiles in patients with end-stage
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On the origin and evolution of the asteroid Ryugu: A comprehensive geochemical perspective Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Eizo NAKAMURA, Katsura KOBAYASHI, Ryoji TANAKA, Tak KUNIHIRO, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, Christian POTISZIL, Tsutomu OTA, Chie SAKAGUCHI, Masahiro YAMANAKA, Dilan M. RATNAYAKE, Havishk TRIPATHI, Rahul KUMAR, Maya-Liliana AVRAMESCU, Hidehisa TSUCHIDA, Yusuke YACHI, Hitoshi MIURA, Masanao ABE, Ryota FUKAI, Shizuho FURUYA, Kentaro HATAKEDA, Tasuku HAYASHI, Yuya HITOMI, Kazuya KUMAGAI, Akiko MIYAZAKI, Aiko NAKATO
Presented here are the observations and interpretations from a comprehensive analysis of 16 representative particles returned from the C-type asteroid Ryugu by the Hayabusa2 mission. On average Ryugu particles consist of 50% phyllosilicate matrix, 41% porosity and 9% minor phases, including organic matter. The abundances of 70 elements from the particles are in close agreement with those of CI chondrites
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Multiple roles of endocytosis and autophagy in intracellular remodeling during oocyte-to-embryo transition Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-11 Ken SATO
Fertilization is the starting point for creating new progeny. At this time, the highly differentiated oocyte and sperm fuse to form one zygote, which is then converted into a pluripotent early embryo. Recent studies have shown that the lysosomal degradation system via autophagy and endocytosis plays important roles in the remodeling of intracellular components during oocyte-to-embryo transition. For
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Copolymerization of ethylene with non-vinyl polar monomers Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-05-11 Kyoko NOZAKI
Introduction of functional groups on polyethylene endows it with a higher surface property and thus various catalysts have been developed for the copolymerization of ethylene with polar vinyl monomers. Aside from vinyl monomers, however, other classes of polar monomers have not found application in the copolymerization with ethylene. Here, in this short review article, our latest studies on catalyst
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Quantum simulation of quantum many-body systems with ultracold two-electron atoms in an optical lattice Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Yoshiro TAKAHASHI
Ultracold atoms in an optical lattice provide a unique approach to study quantum many-body systems, previously only possible by using condensed-matter experimental systems. This new approach, often called quantum simulation, becomes possible because of the high controllability of the system parameters and the inherent cleanness without lattice defects and impurities. In this article, we review recent
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High-voltage SiC power devices for improved energy efficiency Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Tsunenobu KIMOTO
Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices significantly outperform the well-established silicon (Si) devices in terms of high breakdown voltage, low power loss, and fast switching. This review briefly introduces the major features of SiC power devices and then presents research works on breakdown phenomena in SiC pn junctions and related discussion which takes into account the energy band structure. Next
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Sulfonium-aided coupling of aromatic rings via sigmatropic rearrangement Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-04-11 Hideki YORIMITSU, Gregory J. P. PERRY
Biaryl synthesis continues to occupy a central role in chemical synthesis. From blockbuster drug molecules to organic electronics, biaryls present numerous possibilities and new applications continue to emerge. Transition-metal-catalyzed coupling reactions represent the gold standard for biaryl synthesis and the mechanistic steps, such as reductive elimination, are well established. Developing routes
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Operating principles of the cerebral cortex as a six-layered network in primates: beyond the classic canonical circuit model Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Yasushi MIYASHITA
The cerebral cortex performs its computations with many six-layered fundamental units, collectively spreading along the cortical sheet. What is the local network structure and the operating dynamics of such a fundamental unit? Previous investigations of primary sensory areas revealed a classic “canonical” circuit model, leading to an expectation of similar circuit organization and dynamics throughout
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RET receptor signaling: Function in development, metabolic disease, and cancer Proc. Jpn. Acad. Ser. B (IF 3.1) Pub Date : 2022-03-11 Masahide TAKAHASHI
The RET proto-oncogene encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase whose alterations are responsible for various human cancers and developmental disorders, including thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, and Hirschsprung’s disease. RET receptors are physiologically activated by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligands that bind to the coreceptor