Although moisture is an important factor affecting precipitation in arid Central Asia (ACA), the water vapor sources and their influencing factors are unclear. This study investigates the moisture sources of extreme precipitation events in summer over northern ACA and in winter over southern ACA. The results show that in summer over northern ACA, the water vapor at low and upper atmospheric levels

Climate variability and change in arid regions are important factors in controlling emission, frequency and movement of dust storms. This study provides robust statistical methods including univariate Mann‐Kendall block bootstrapping method and three bivariate trend assessment methods, Covariance Inversion Test, Covariance Sum Test and The Covariance Eigenvalue to detect trends in dust storm frequency

Local‐level understanding of within‐season rainfall variability and its relationship with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can shed light on crop yield variations and establish appropriate cropping calendars in rainfed systems. This requires information on the growing season, including its length, the total rainfall, the onset and cessation of rainfall, the number of wet and dry days, and the

Ozone in the upper troposphere is a dominant radiative constituent. In this study, we investigate ozone variability due to stratospheric intrusions in the upper troposphere over India and associated radiative impacts during monsoon breaks co‐occurring with El Niño using the ECHAM5‐HAMMOZ, Global‐Chemistry‐climate model simulations, and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. Our analysis shows that during El

In this study, the Flexible Particle Dispersion Model (FLEXPART) is employed to simulate the trajectories of global air parcels from March 1979 to February 2018 to analyze the moisture sources of precipitation over Xinjiang in China. The results show that more than 90% of the moisture can be tracked when the backtracking time is set to 10 days. There are three similar moisture transport paths in winter

Drought is detrimental to both natural systems and human societies. Although definitions of drought vary among different indices, the frequency of drought is likely to enhance in a strong warming climate either because of increased temperature or decreased precipitation. However, for a low warming target such as 1.5°C, drought tendency is uncertain as it depends on the competition between evapotranspiration

East Asia and central India (CI) are significantly affected by the Asian summer monsoon. On the inter‐annual time scale, the precipitation in the Hetao region (HT, [35°‐42°N, 103°‐114°E]) is prominently positively correlated with that in CI ([19°‐23°N, 78°‐83.5°E]) during boreal summer, but it is significantly negatively correlated with precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze

A high‐quality daily runoff time series of the Lake Como inflow and outflow, the longest for Italian Alps, was reconstructed for the 1845–2016 period in the Adda river basin. It was compared with contemporary monthly precipitation and temperature observations and estimated potential evapotranspiration losses. Trend analyses were conducted for daily flow maxima and 7‐day duration minima of inflows into

The water vapor variation in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is of high significance due to its impact on global warming. In this paper, we present an association of occurrence frequency of double tropopauses (DTs) with convective clouds and transport of water vapor in the UTLS over subtropical South Asia using multiple multi‐decadal datasets (e.g., radiosonde temperature profiles

The relationship between changes in Arctic sea ice and the mid‐latitude climate has been receiving increasing attention. As the highest and largest topography in Asia, the possible link between the west Tibetan Plateau snow depth (WTPSD) and the Arctic sea ice was investigated based on observational data and model simulations. The results indicate that a consistent variation between the WTPSD and the

Future extreme climate events will become more intense and frequent with global warming, which is a great threat to wheat productivity in the North China Plain (NCP). Projecting future changes in extreme climate events is an important prerequisite for exploring crop adaptation measures to climate variation. In this study, we calculated 11 extreme climate indices at different wheat growth stages that

This study investigates the impacts of Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO) on tropical cyclone (TC) activity over the western North Pacific (WNP), with a focus on the South China Sea (SCS), based on results from observations and high‐resolution atmospheric model (HiRAM) simulations. Observational analyses show that MJO imposes marked impacts on TC genesis over the SCS, with more (less) TC formations during

Previous studies tend to report the effect of rapid urbanisation on temperature, but not on humidity. In this study, we aimed to address this research gap by examining diurnal profiles of temperature and humidity in Hong Kong. Our analysis revealed a more significant rising trend in humidity. In addition, our analysis of equivalent temperature revealed that latent temperature (i.e., moisture) contributes

The paper presents the results of the analysis of several temperature and precipitation parameters in the instrumental period in the capital of Montenegro ‐ Podgorica, for the period 1951‐2018. In order to use the latest results of several Regional Climate Models (RCMs) developed for the Western Balkans, the results of temperature and precipitation modeling for the period 2011‐2100, ALADIN, HIRHAM

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The near‐surface air temperature lapse rate is the predominant source of spatial temperature variability in mountains and controls snowfall and snowmelt regimes, glacier mass balance, and species distributions. Lapse rates are often estimated from observational data, however there is little guidance on best practices for estimating lapse rates. We use observational and synthetic datasets to evaluate

By using the hindcast and forecast data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Forecast System version 2 (NCEP CFSv2) for the 1982‐2018 period, we investigate the forecasting skills of the midsummer (July and August) surface air temperature (SAT) at interannual timescales in this study. Although CFSv2 predictions show a warm bias for the climatological mean SAT over the Yangtze

In this study, we examined the non‐stationary characteristics of precipitation variability in Korea on intraseasonal timescales during the boreal summer (June–July–August) for 1979–2017 by analyzing the European Center for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ERA‐interim reanalysis dataset. We reconstructed the Korean precipitation variability on intraseasonal timescales in each year using three

Historic snowfall events in the northern Iberian Peninsula recorded between 1988 and 2018 are presented and analysed. This study makes use of data collected over a course of 31 years from 105 observation stations. These weather reports describe the temporal and spatial characteristics of five Spanish provinces facing the Cantabrian Sea. The average number of snow events observed per year (as recorded

In this paper we validate precipitation estimates remotely sensed by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) at monthly and seasonal timescales, during the period 1998‐2015, by performing probabilistic and statistical analyses of diverse error metrics between the 3B43 V7 product and in‐situ measurements from 1180 rain gauges over Colombia, of which at least 987 are fully independent of TRMM

Tree‐ring densitometric studies conducted in semi‐arid regions are exceedingly rare. In this study, we evaluate a new maximum latewood density chronology from a collection of Picea purpurea trees growing in semi‐arid northwestern China for climatic reconstruction purposes. We find statistically significant correlations between annual maximum density variations and July‐September maximum temperatures

Earth's weather and climate are strongly influenced by synoptic scale systems such as extratropical cyclones. From this point of view, investigating the mechanisms associated with cyclogenesis, such as baroclinic instability, which are defined by the thermal gradient and wind shear, are extremely important. However, atmospheric teleconnection patterns such as the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

Fire incidence has been linked to multiple factors such as climate conditions, population density, agriculture, and lightning. Recently, fire frequency and severity have induced health problems and contributed to increase atmospheric greenhouse gases. Based on atmospheric susceptibility to fire, this study evaluates the use of a Potential Fire Index (PFIv2) to identify regions prone to fire development

In the southern Peruvian Andes communities are highly dependent on climatic conditions due to the mainly rain‐fed agriculture and the importance of glaciers and snow melt as a freshwater resource. Longer‐term trends and year‐to‐year variability of precipitation or temperature severely affect living conditions. This study evaluates seasonal precipitation and temperature climatologies and trends in the

The regional variability of lightning activity over ten different regions, selected with at least one major meteorological/topographical feature, of South Asia (8°N–36°N, 90°E–100°E) have been examined on all time scales from the data obtained from July 1995 to December 2013 from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. A comparative study of the correlation coefficients calculated between

In Belgium, most flood events occur in winter as a result of intense precipitation events but also through the abrupt melting of the snowpack that covers the Ardennes summits. These conditions favourable to floods exhibit a decreasing trend over 1959–2010 resulting from the reduction in snow accumulation, although extreme precipitation events show a positive, albeit non‐significant signal. In this

The purpose of this study is to assess the ability of a set of Large Ensembles (LE) of Global Climate Model (GCM) simulations from the Multi‐Model Large Ensemble Archive, Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) and database for Policy Decision making for Future climate change in reproducing the variability and change of the austral summer precipitation observed in South America along

In this study, an ensemble of statistically downscaled 14 multi‐global climate models for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios was employed to implement a comprehensive assessment of climate change impacts over Pakistan in order to identify the future hotspots cities in terms of changes in temperature and precipitation. The analyses focused on the minimum, average and maximum temperature and precipitation

Data on surface solar radiation are scarce in high‐latitude regions, and few studies have evaluated the performance of reanalysis products in estimating solar radiation in those regions. Here, an extensive solar radiation dataset is compiled from 98 stations across Alaska to evaluate 11 different surface solar radiation products (seven reanalysis and four observation‐derived). No product can capture

Terrestrial vegetation plays a crucial role in governing the land surface energy budget, which in turn drives the climate of the Earth. The climatic feedbacks of vegetation changes are different across vegetation greenness gradients and climatological conditions, which has not been studied clearly. In this study, we used remote sensing and re‐analysis datasets to investigate global climatic feedbacks