Accurate and reliable seasonal climate forecasts are frequently sought by climate‐sensitive sectors to support decision making under climate variability and change. Temperature trend is discernible globally over the past decades, but seasonal forecasts produced by a global climate model (GCM) generally underestimate such trend. Current statistical methods used for calibrating seasonal climate forecasts

The teleconnection between tropical and extratropical climates in the North Pacific and continental regions of eastern Asia and western North America is known to vary on decadal to multidecadal time scales. In this study, the teleconnection pattern is studied with observational and reanalysis data products. The regional focus is set on the Hawaiian Islands in the central subtropical part of the North

Concurrent regional precipitation can cause water disasters and have an enormous impact on the environment and society. In the present study, regional precipitation events (RPEs) were computed using daily precipitation records from 1989 to 2018 recorded at 173 meteorological stations in the Beijing‐Tianjin‐Hebei (Jing‐Jin‐Ji) region. This region is famous for its political and economic status and suffers

We used nonparametric analyses of gridded precipitation data from the Parameter‐Elevation Relationships on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) to examine teleconnections between the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) and elevation‐related precipitation variability from 1950–2016 over the Snake‐Salt, Wind‐Bighorn, Green, and Platte basins, which span the North American continental divide. Our analyses

A comparison study has been performed to assess the dynamics of meteorological processes in Poland on the basis of meteorological time series of air pressure, air temperature and wind speed coming from 35 synoptic stations belonging to the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMGW‐PIB) and from the nearest grid points of the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis

Short duration extreme precipitation has devastating Impacts on city area. Local urbanization effects, superimposed upon regional climate change, complicate examination of long‐term changes in short duration precipitation extremes in urban areas. Based on high‐quality rain gauge observations of summertime hourly precipitation in Beijing Region over 1977‐2013, this study reveals that despite the general

We investigate how the atmosphere is affected by the cold sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies of the Benguela Niñas using reanalysis data and a high‐resolution atmospheric model. A composite analysis of reanalysis data based on 5 Benguela Niña events (5 years out of 39 years for 1979‐2017) reveals that the rainfall along the Angolan coast is reduced significantly and other anomalies of precipitation

Heat waves in India during the pre‐monsoon months have significant impacts on human health, productivity and mortality. While greenhouse gas‐induced global warming is believed to accentuate high temperature extremes, anthropogenic aerosols predominantly constituted by radiation‐scattering sulfate are believed to cause an overall cooling in most world regions. However, the Indian region is marked by

Using the Lagrangian model FLEXPART and the quantitative method WaterSip, moisture sources of summer (June–July–August) precipitation over eastern China are investigated for the period 1979–2009 in this study. It is found that the Indochinese Peninsula plus southern China, the South China Sea, the northwestern Pacific Ocean, the Asian continent, and the Bay of Bengal are the major moisture sources

Central American cold surge outbreaks, known as Nortes , are standard features of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) climate, having significant oceanic and atmospheric impacts over the region that are essential for the marine ecosystem. Fifteen years of analysis of weather reports showed that Nortes occur within a nine months window (September to May), with a total number of 24 ± 5 episodes per season. On average

This study reveals an obvious interdecadal change in the summer water vapor budget over Northeast Asia around the late‐1990s accompanied with the abrupt rainfall decrease. After the late‐1990s, water vapor transported into Northeast Asia is apparently reduced under control of a local anomalous anti‐cyclone. The water vapor transport is further explored by decomposing the water vapor flux into stationary

Where land surface air temperature data are not available, satellite land surface temperature are used. However, the coarse spatial resolution of satellite‐derived products may yield errors at the local scale. This work shows the differences between the MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (MOD11A1) product and ground measurements at two different scales. We used data from 21 SNOTEL stations

Motivated by the wide range of projections of regional rainfall (or precipitation, pr) based on the CMIP5 ensemble of global climate models, we investigate the atmospheric moisture budget of idealized rising‐CO2 (1pctCO2) simulations from ten models submitted to CMIP6. We use the new CMIP6 standard variables, the vertically‐integrated eastward and northward moisture flux, and provide a multi‐model

This study aims to develop a medium‐term rainfall forecast model to predict monthly rainfall one, three, six, and twelve months in advance using hybrid wavelet‐ artificial neural networks (WANN) for Queensland, Australia. To assess the performance of the models, seven input sets comprised of either past rainfall magnitudes, selected climate anomalies, or combinations of rainfall with different climate

Accurate estimation of ET 0, and determination of its trend/variability and sensitivity to changes in climate variables is essential at regional scale for different applications. These are attempted for India by considering 18 homogeneous ET 0 regions formed in companion paper. Food and Agriculture Organization recommends Penman–Monteith (PM) equation for ET 0 estimation, which requires information

Seasonal snow cover in mountainous areas is a key source of water for downstream regions. The snow cover area (SCA) in the Northern Hemisphere has significantly decreased during the past decades in response to global warming. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the primary factors controlling the spatiotemporal variabilities in the SCA in high altitude regions. In this study, based on remote

This study identified and analyzed the spatial and temporal patterns of spectral oscillation ranges of the monthly sea surface temperature, SST, over the tropical Pacific region, from 1888 to 2014, through wavelet analysis. The strategic steps considered the variance analysis, obtained from the wavelet computation, for each single grid point instead of the analysis of a spatial mean variance, as is

Understanding the evolution asymmetry between El Niño and La Niña events is challenging. Unlike El Niño, most La Niña events are characterized by a double‐dip cooling (a.k.a. multi‐year La Niña). Herein, we examined how single‐ and multi‐year La Niña events differ by analyzing observational and climate‐model datasets. Single‐year La Niña events tend to develop narrowly within the tropics from a central

Convolutional neural network (CNN) is an effective tool for extracting interpretable information from big data and has been recently used as a promising approach for statistical downscaling. In this study, CNN models of different configurations are used to downscale daily temperature and precipitation over China with the use of large‐scale atmospheric variables from ECMWF Interim reanalysis (ERI) and

Precipitation constitutes a particularly variable climatic element in Spain. Study of teleconnection indices, closely related to precipitation, enables us to establish to a greater or lesser degree the mechanisms regulating pluviometric variability; these are vital for planning and managing water resources in semiarid regions. In the present paper we attempt to identify the low‐frequency patterns that

We provide an updated analysis of instrumental Greenland monthly temperature data to 2019, focusing mainly on coastal stations but also analysing ice‐sheet records from Swiss Camp and Summit. Significant summer (winter) coastal warming of ~1.7 (4.4) °C occurred from 1991‐2019, but since 2001 overall temperature trends are generally flat and insignificant due to a cooling pattern over the last 6‐7 years

Extreme climate events are often of great interest because of their close relationship with meteorological and hydrological disasters. In this study, four RCM simulations driven by different GCMs (CSIRO‐Mk3.6.0, EC‐EARTH, HadGEM2‐ES, and MPI‐ESM‐MR) are used as an ensemble to project changes in extreme high and low temperatures in China as represented by selected Expert Team on Climate Change Detection

The emergence of decreasing trends in snowfall frequency and snow depth highlights the challenges arising from shifts in snow regimes. In particular, snow‐dependent southern Europe regions may be negatively impacted by such changes. Snow regimes strongly influence the water availability in reservoirs and groundwater. This study presents the world’s longest series of monthly snowfall (fresh snow depth

Rice production in the Korean Peninsula (KP) in the near future (2021‐2050) is analyzed in terms of the climatic yield potential (CYP) index for Japonica‐type rice. Data obtained from the dynamically downscaled daily temperature and sunshine duration for the Historical period (1981‐2010) and near future under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) scenarios are utilized. To reduce

We analyse long‐term (1900‐2017) rainfall data in the southern part of the winter rainfall region of southern Africa to understand the spatial patterns of recent and long‐term trends and contextualise the 2015‐2017 rainfall anomalies which led to the so‐called “Day Zero” drought in Cape Town. Our analyses reveal cohesive spatial patterns and seasonal differences in rainfall trends across a range of

Ice records at Lake George, an oligotrophic and dimictic freshwater lake in upstate New York, USA reveal that it has failed to freeze over completely 13 times since 1990. This transition from annual to intermittent ice cover is analogous to many other dimictic freshwater lakes globally. Over sixty years of meteorological observations from a nearby airport are analyzed and a complicated picture emerges

Seventeen years of 3 hourly, 0.25‐degree resolution, precipitation data from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) multi‐satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA) product are used to develop a global climatology of precipitation in tropical cyclones (TCs). Due to very large standard deviations for rainfall in each stratification by intensity class or cyclone basin, our methodology concentrates

The latest version of the atmospheric general circulation model ARPEGE‐Climat was used to perform 11 5‐member ensemble simulations for both present and RCP8.5 scenario climates (mid‐twenty first century). The rotated/stretched configuration enables a local horizontal resolution of less than 15km over the tropical North Atlantic basin. Moreover, a tracking algorithm was used to extract tropical cyclones

The study of the spatial and temporal variability of the precipitation concentration is necessary, due to its high environmental and socioeconomic impact. For this reason, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of daily rainfall in south‐eastern South America. Daily records of precipitation for 48 stations are used (period 1979‐2018) to calculate the concentration index (CI). High CI is linked

Drought analysis is an important part of risk management plan. Drought is usually characterized by variables such as severity and duration. Using standardized precipitation index at an aggregated scale of 12 months, we construct different copula models for different river basins of India. Based on goodness of fit tests, suitable distributions are selected for duration and severity. These marginal distributions

Two sixteen‐year simulations were conducted to study the influence of two runoff schemes [the default one is SIMTOP (hereafter referred as TOP) and the other one is the Variable Infiltration Capacity (here after referred as VIC)] with vegetation is being interactive (by enabling the carbon‐nitrogen ‐ CN module) on the terrestrial carbon cycle fluxes of Africa using the regional climate model ‐ RegCM4

This paper analyses extreme rainless periods for the territory of Serbia in Southeast Europe. Treated as meteorological droughts from an agriculture perspective, the number of rainless periods longer than 20 days as well as their distributions is examined for the growing season (April–September) using data from a period of 50 years. The related stochastic process is modeled via the Zelenhasic‐Todorovic

Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) models have limited capacity for depicting the variability of precipitation at interannual and interdecadal timescales. This study analyses the relative magnitude of interannual to multidecadal variability in annual precipitation across the world in the recently released CMIP6 dataset by quantifying the discrepancy between observed and modelled

The co‐occurrence of hot and dry extremes (compound hot and dry extreme, CHDE) has attracted much attention due to the amplified impact on wildfire occurrence, agriculture production and human health. Most existing studies have reported the spatiotemporal variations of CHDE, changes in CHDE on different land surface conditions are barely discussed. The study investigated the spatial and temporal differences

In this study, the northern Asian summer onset (NASO) is investigated in terms of its key features, thermodynamic driving factors, and its associations with the rainfall pattern in eastern China on the basis of the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the US National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis data, the snow cover extent data archived by the National Oceanic

The present study investigates how the twentieth‐century atmospheric reanalyses (ERA‐20C and NOAA‐20CR) reproduce the known impacts of El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the tropical North Atlantic (TNA) atmospheric circulation from the boreal winter to spring and the consequences on northeastern Brazil (NEB) precipitation during its rainy season (boreal spring). For the period 1979–2010, comparisons

In this study, a 55‐year climate simulation over East Asia is conducted by using the regional climate model RegCM4.6 and the variations of biases in different climate backgrounds are investigated. The results show that the biases of rainfall and western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) simulated by RegCM4.6 are not stable, instead they exhibit an obvious feature of interdecadal variation that is similar