The debate regarding the history of water‐level fluctuations in Lake Baikal extends back to the late 19th century and is rooted in the interpretation of the sequence of palaeo‐shoreline terraces observed around the Baikal trough. Modern studies identify terraces up to 200 m above and down to 40 m below the present‐day Lake Baikal water level, and opinions are split between (i) those who regard the

This study examines the long‐term neotectonic evolution of the Crag Basin of eastern England during the Plio‐Pleistocene (c . 4.0–0.48 Ma) and the influence of neotectonics on coastal and drainage development. The Crag Basin was situated within the western margins of the southern North Sea with palaeogeography influenced by changes in global sea‐level and longer‐term regional‐scale neotectonic uplift

This study presents the first analysis of ice‐free cirques on the Faroe Islands using a Geographical Information System (GIS ) and the Automated Cirque Metric Extraction (ACME ) tool. The length, width, area, circularity, mean aspect, mean slope, and elevation range, minimum, and maximum were calculated using ACME . Cirque distance to coastline was measured using ArcGIS . A total of 116 cirques were

This paper provides a new deglacial chronology for retreat of the Irish Ice Sheet from the continental shelf of western Ireland to the adjoining coastline, a region where the timing and drivers of ice recession have never been fully constrained. Previous work suggests maximum ice‐sheet extent on the outer western continental shelf occurred at ~26–24 cal. ka BP with the initial retreat of the ice marked

Mollusc biogenic carbonates are valuable records of past environmental conditions. In particular, carbonate oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) stable isotopes can be used to reconstruct different physical and chemical parameters, according to the different genera used (marine, freshwater or terrestrial). The Last Interglacial (early Eemian) palaeolake of Neumark‐Nord 2 (NN 2), Germany provides an excellent

Glacially dislocated fossiliferous clay – hitherto called Cyprina clay– and associated Pleistocene sediments are exposed at the northeastern German coast. They were uplifted as glacial rafts from a position of about 30 m below the sea level and incorporated into glaciotectonic complexes of Dornbusch (Hiddensee), Arkona (Rügen) and Greifswalder Oie during the ice advances of the Last Glacial Maximum

Our understanding of the timing of human arrival to the Americas remains fragmented, despite decades of active research and debate. Genetic research has recently led to the ‘Beringian standstill hypothesis’ (BSH ), which suggests an isolated group of humans lived somewhere in Beringia for millennia during the Last Glacial, before a subgroup migrated southward into the American continents about 14 ka

The Kamyshovoye Lake sedimentary record in the southeastern Baltic Sea region was studied to reconstruct climatic fluctuations and the abiotic responses to them during the Lateglacial and Early Holocene. New results from chironomid, isotopic, palaeomagnetic and geochemical data analyses were correlated with earlier evidence of lithological and palynological changes in the Kamyshovoye Lake record. The

The variability of lower 6776 cheek teeth of spelaeoid (Ursus spelaeus , U. kanivetz , U. deningeri , U. kudarensis , U. savini and U. rossicus ) and arctoid lineages (extant and extinct U. arctos ) recovered from 176 palaeontological localities was analysed by methods of univariate and multivariate statistics. For comparison, teeth of U . minimus and U. etruscus species, which are ancestral taxa for

Despite numerous palaeoenvironmental investigations of loess–palaeosol sequences across the Carpathian Basin, well‐dated high‐resolution records are scarce. This paper presents a new high‐resolution chronology for the loess‐palaeosol sequence at Surduk (Serbia), based on optically stimulated luminescence (quartz) and post‐infrared infrared stimulated luminescence (polymineral) dating. The presented

With the improvements in the techniques of radiocarbon dating since the 1990s and the pretreatment of bone samples, it has become apparent that some of the radiocarbon dates from Irish caves such as Castlepook Cave may not be as accurate as previously determined. The faunal remains and sediments within Castlepook Cave are important as this cave is one of only two caves in Ireland in which both pre‐

In the Middle Danube Basin, Quaternary deposits are widely distributed in the Vojvodina region where they cover about 95% of the area. Major research during the last two decades has been focused on loess deposits in the Vojvodina region. During this period, loess in the Vojvodina region has become one of the most important Pleistocene European continental climatic and environmental records. Here we

The evolution of several sub‐alpine alluvial fans SE of the Jostedalsbreen ice cap was investigated based on their geomorphology and Schmidt‐hammer exposure‐age dating (SHD ) applied to 47 boulder deposits on the fan surfaces. A debris‐flood rather than debrisflow or water‐flow origin for the deposits was inferred from their morphology, consisting of low ridges with terminal splays up to 100 m wide

Water pressures at the base of active glacial overdeepenings are known to fluctuate strongly on various time scales. Rapid peaks in basal water pressure can lead to fracturing of the glacier bed, a process that has been described at numerous sites around the world, mostly based on large hydrofracture systems. This article presents drill‐cores from the base of a >100‐m‐deep glacial overdeepening in

Despite an increasing interest in Greenlandic mountain glaciers over recent decades, their evolution during the Lateglacial and Holocene still needs to be better constrained. Here we present 25 10Be cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE ) ages of boulders collected on moraines from three glaciers located on Clavering Island (northeastern Greenland). CRE ages span 16.29±0.79 to 0.37±0.05 ka and reveal three periods

We investigated the phytolith assemblage characteristics and preservation of soil phytoliths in nine soil types at 83 sites in northeast China. The results indicate that the phytolith assemblages from the nine soils are similar, particularly in terms of the content of the dominant short cell phytoliths, and elongate and lanceolate phytoliths. The phytolith indexes of aridity and water stress (Iph and

Holocene relative shore level (RSL ) changes and Stone Age palaeogeography of Hiiumaa Island are reconstructed using airborne LiDAR elevation data, sedimentological and archaeological proxies as well as GIS ‐based landscape modelling. Altogether, 38 RSL index and limiting points are used in modelling and presented in the current paper. The highest raised shorelines of the Ancylus Lake and Litorina

During the Last Glacial cycle (MIS 4 to MIS 2), the isthmic Pyrenees mountain range acted as a biogeographical barrier, effectively restricting faunal exchanges to its western and eastern terminations. The study of the composition of megaherbivore communities has revealed the transitional character of the Cantabrian region (northwest Iberian Peninsula) during the MIS 3, between western European cold

Accurately interpreting the stable oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O) of cave drip water is critical to the retrieval of palaeoclimatic information based on the δ18O records preserved in speleothem calcite. Substantial cave monitoring data sites of interest can make essential contributions. In this study, six speleothem drip water sites and one pool water site were selected for a five‐year (2013–2017)

This study presents, for the first time, a detailed quantitative reconstruction of winter (January) and summer (July) palaeotemperatures from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene transition in central Italy based on ostracod assemblages in an 8.59‐m‐long sediment core retrieved in Lake Trasimeno. Of 19 ostracod species recovered, 13 were calibrated according to their living temperature ranges, enabling

Permafrost thaw in peatlands is one of the most widespread and worrying consequences of climate warming in the sub‐Arctic area. To predict future climate feedbacks, it is important to study the history of permafrost aggradation and thaw. Plant macrofossil analysis with radiocarbon dating has been widely used in detecting past permafrost dynamics in peatlands, however, due to a lack of permafrost‐specific

Amphibians are well known as being one of the main groups of animals today most threatened by environmental changes but they are also some of the least well understood of all terrestrial vertebrates. This gap in knowledge is much greater as we look further back into the relatively recent past, despite representing an invaluable resources in archaeological and palaeontological assemblages that are more

Core M1‐A from Mljet Island, Croatia, was retrieved from a submerged sinkhole to investigate tephra and reconstruct past sea levels. Eleven tephra layers were found, out of which six are macroscopically visible, while five are cryptotephra. For two of the tephra layers, glass shard concentrations were below the critical amount necessary for reliable analysis, while two more originated from a stratigraphical

The loess–palaeosol sequence of Batajnica (Vojvodina region, Serbia) is considered as one of the most complete and thickest terrestrial palaeoclimate archives for the Middle and Late Pleistocene. In order to achieve a numerical chronology for this profile, four sets of ages were obtained on 18 individual samples. Equivalent doses were determined using the SAR protocol on fine (4–11 μm) and coarse (63–90 μm)

The Ural Mountains are an important climatic and biogeographical barrier between European and Siberian forests. In order to shed light on the postglacial formation and evolution of the boreal forests in the European pre‐Urals, we obtained a peat sediment core, Chernaya, from the Paltinskoe bog located between the southern taiga and hemiboreal forest zone in the mid‐Kama region. We carried out pollen

In this study, we reconstruct the style and timing of the late Quaternary glaciation pattern in a monsoon‐influenced precipitation‐deprived region (Dhauliganga basin) of the Central Himalaya, India. We present detailed glacial geomorphological mapping, aided by topographic maps, satellite data, Google Earth images, global positioning system survey, and fieldwork (2012–2016), supported by optically

The deglaciation history and Holocene environmental evolution of northern Wijdefjorden, Svalbard, are reconstructed using sediment cores and acoustic data (multibeam swath bathymetry and sub‐bottom profiler data). Results reveal that the fjord mouth was deglaciated prior to 14.5±0.3 cal. ka BP and deglaciation occurred stepwise. Biomarker analyses show rapid variations in water temperature and sea

A pioneer comprehensive study of several diminutive last‐generation woolly mammoth teeth (M3) found on the coast of the East Siberian Sea between the mouths of the Alazeya and Malaya Kuropatoch'ya rivers was conducted. Two teeth belonged to one individual. These teeth have a similar lamellar frequency and enamel thickness as teeth of Mammuthus primigenius Blumenbach. The molar crowns from the lower

Large, ice‐marginal lakes that were impounded by the maximally extended Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS ) provided source waters for the extraordinarily large floods that formed the Channeled Scabland of Washington and Idaho, USA . However, flood flows that drained CIS meltwater and contributed to landscape evolution during later stages of deglaciation have hitherto been poorly investigated. This paper

Recent studies have revealed that areas with sediments pre‐dating the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM ) are more common in southern Scandinavia than previously thought. To describe and date these sediments, four deep core drillings were made in the province of Småland and one in the province of Skåne, southern Sweden, and an existing sediment core drilled in the 1960s from western Skåne was re‐examined and

The age and origin of the Grover Gravel, which is preserved on stable uplands in St. Louis County, Missouri, USA, and similar gravels along the Mississippi River bluffs farther south, have been controversial for over a century. These gravels have some features consistent with a glacial origin but lack obvious erratics such as igneous rock fragments. New observations, however, show that the earliest

Rapid degradation of freshwater ecosystems threatens water supply for human populations and natural landscapes. At diverse time scales, this process has been clearly associated with climatic and anthropogenic forcings. The question remains, however, how tropical lakes have responded to these two sources of variability. We present a multiproxy record from Lake San Lorenzo, Lagunas de Montebello National

The late Quaternary climatic and environmental history of the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago in the Russian High Arctic has been the focus of many palaeoenvironmental studies since the 1970s. However, the existing data are highly fragmentary and sometimes contradictory. New information concerning the archipelago's environmental history was derived from a 2.46‐m‐long sediment core from Lake Tvyordoe,

Knowledge of the glacial chronologies for the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) helps in understanding the interactions between climate, topography and glacier development. In this sense, the investigation of the Lake Orta moraine amphitheatre (Alpine foreland, northern Italy) allowed spatial and temporal reconstruction of the Orta Glacier. The end‐moraine system was investigated by means of geomorphological

Younger Dryas ice‐marginal (‘hummocky’) moraines in Scotland represent valuable terrestrial archives that can be used to obtain important information on ice‐marginal dynamics and glacier thermal regimes during a period of rapid climatic change. In this paper, we present detailed sedimentological studies of Younger Dryas ice‐marginal moraines in the Gaick, central Scotland, the former site of a spatially

Western Ireland lies at the Atlantic fringe of Europe and is thus well positioned to record changes in climate linked to North Atlantic circulation. Lake‐sediment oxygen and carbon isotopes are sensitive to changes in the atmosphere, the lake catchment and the lake itself, and thus are valuable proxies for long‐term environmental change. Here we present Younger Dryas and Holocene stable‐isotope records

A well‐preserved Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraine set in the Quemuqu Valley on the eastern slope of the Qiongmu Gangri Peak offers great potential for reconstructing LGM glacier extent and examining LGM climate in the region. This study employed a coupled and physics‐based mass balance and ice‐flow model to investigate glacier sensitivities to climate in the valley. Based on the sensitivity tests

The lower Borgarfjörður region, western Iceland, has been central to the reconstructions of the dynamics and collapse of the Icelandic Ice Sheet during the deglaciation. Here, extensive stratigraphical sections and landforms provide a rare opportunity to study past glacier dynamics in this part of Iceland. Previous studies reveal that a large outlet glacier in Borgarfjörður advanced during the Late

The palaeoclimatic variations during the past ~2000 years in western Mongolia were reconstructed using a high‐resolution pollen sequence obtained from Bayan Nuur. The pollen‐based mean annual precipitation (MAP) from Bayan Nuur and the tree ring‐based temperature anomalies from the nearby Altai Mountains exhibit a ‘warm‐dry’ Roman Warm Period (RWP; ~1900 to ~1500 cal. a BP), a ‘cool‐wet’ Dark Age Cold