Robotic exploration of the solar system using small satellites (SmallSats) is gaining popularity because of SmallSats’ lower cost and faster development cycle compared to primary science missions. A potential obstacle for deployment of SmallSats in deep space is the limitation associated with the communications link imposed by SmallSats' frugal power and antenna size. These technical limitations constrain

This article is the second of a three-part series in which we present the results of a study exploring concepts for improving communications and tracking capabilities of deep space SmallSats. In Part I, we discussed SmallSat direct-to-earth links and SmallSat communications equipment, and provided recommendations for future work. In Part II, we focus on SmallSat navigation options, Disruption Tolerant

As the “right-hand man” to space communications, navigation, environmental monitoring, and other satellite systems, the space active phased array antenna is capable of scanning and covering long distances and large scale ranges through its complex deployment mechanism, large physical aperture, and lightweight structural design. In comparison with mechanical scanning antennas, the space active phased

Radar operation in a spectrally dense environment is nowadays a very challenging problem due to the increasing demand of spectral resources for defence/surveillance applications, remote sensing capabilities, and civilian wireless services. This article explores the technical feasibility of radar waveforms capable of ensuring spectral coexistence with overlaid emitters via a modern digital arbitrary

This article handles the topic of cognitive radar (CR) architecture design in the framework of multifunction radar operating in a resource-constrained and spectrum-constrained environment. Despite the advances in this field of research and its relative technologies, the way humans and echolocation mammals are able to interact with the external environment goes beyond the capability of any available

In this article, we discuss a novel signal processing technique for adaptive radar that permits joint target-matched illumination and interference avoidance in dynamic spectral environments. This approach allows for spectral coexistence between a radar system and a primary user of the radio frequency space. Spectral coexistence is exploited to allow the use of higher bandwidths than would otherwise

In contrast to the feed-forward sensing chain employed by classical radar systems, cognitive radars use the perceived information about the environment to reconfigure their transmissions. While most of the efforts in the literature focus on software-based adaptations, this article proposes adaptive control of a radar hardware, multifunctional reconfigurable antennas (MRAs), for target detection and

As the main data transport protocol of delay/disruption-tolerant networking, Licklider transmission protocol (LTP) is developed to provide reliable and highly efficient data delivery over unreliable deep-space and interplanetary communication channels. For reliable data delivery, a checkpoint (CP) segment of LTP is sent, with a timer set (or, simply, CP timer) to check the arrival status of the entire

The automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast system is a pillar of the future air traffic control system. It is a surveillance system in which air planes transmit their information (identity, position, velocity, etc.) in broadcast to any listener equipped with a receiver. Networks of ADS-B receivers have been installed all over the world, producing a clear traffic awareness for air traffic controllers

As part of overall ocean dynamic satellite research, the atmospheric correction microwave radiometer (ACMR) used to correct atmospheric path delay in the radar altimeter has been developed recently. The ACMR, composed of an observing antenna (OA) and calibration antenna, operates at 18.7, 23.8, and 37 GHz for improving atmospheric retrieval accuracy. The dual-polarized OA is realized by an offset deployable

This article presents a novel method for the management of UAVs formations. Based on the fast marching square (FM2) technique, the proposed method allows the generation of soft realizable paths for a formation in leader–followers configuration, keeping a desired geometry among its different agents. The solution presented here also allows the UAVs formation to adapt its shape so that the obstacles can

Computation of matrix exponentials is commonly encountered in aerospace and electronic systems. Computing matrix exponentials via a reverse summation of the truncated Taylor series is discussed.

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Superposition and entanglement, the quintessential characteristics of quantum physics, have been shown to provide communication, computation, and sensing capabilities that go beyond what classical physics will permit. It is natural, therefore, to explore their application to radar, despite the fact that decoherence—caused by the loss and noise encountered in radar sensing—destroys these fragile quantum

Many quantum radars currently studied in the literature use a phenomenon called entanglement to address the problem of distinguishing signal from noise, which is one of the most important problems faced by any radar. Until recently, entanglement-based quantum radars at radio frequencies existed only in theory; their practicality was very much in doubt. The situation has changed with a recent experimental

In this article, we demonstrate theoretically and experimentally how one can exploit correlations generated in monolithic semiconductor quantum light sources to enhance the performance of optical target detection. A prototype target detection protocol, the quantum time-correlation (QTC) detection protocol, with spontaneous parametric down-converted photon-pair sources, is discussed. The QTC protocol

We report on the development of detection methods for amplitude and phase of pulsed radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic fields with Rydberg atoms. We begin with an overview of the basic principles of Rydberg-atom-based sensing and measurement of RF electromagnetic fields. An overview of the underlying atomic physics and the method for amplitude as well as phase sensing of electromagnetic radiation

Quantum remote sensing, also known as quantum detection and ranging (QUDAR), is the use of entangled photon states to detect targets at a stand-off distance. It inherently relies on sending many single photons through free space, bouncing off of a target and returning to the sensor. It is therefore necessary to understand how single photons interact and scatter from targets of macroscopic size. This

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BioSentinel is a 6U nanosatellite planned to launch in 2020 as a secondary payload onboard NASA's Space Launch System first exploration mission, Artemis-1, from which it will be deployed to a lunar fly-by trajectory leading to a heliocentric orbit. BioSentinel will conduct the first in situ measurements of biological response to space radiation outside low Earth orbit (LEO) in five decades; it will

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As one of the secondary payloads on the space launch systems vehicle, the Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) Scout will demonstrate a low-cost and innovative approach to deep space reconnaissance missions. The main objective is to image and characterize a Near-Earth asteroid. The spacecraft packages a full deep space mission into the volume of a 6U CubeSat. To enable long-term sustained propulsion to the target

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EQUULEUS (EQUilibriUm Lunar-Earth point 6U Spacecraft) will be the world's smallest spacecraft to explore the Earth–Moon Lagrange point. It is being jointly developed by JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) and the University of Tokyo, and will be launched by NASA's Space Launch System Exploration Mission-1. The spacecraft will fly to a libration orbit around the Earth–Moon L2 point (EML2) and

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Water ice and other volatile compounds may be present on the Moon’s surface within permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) near the lunar poles. Understanding the composition, quantity, distribution, and form of water and other volatiles associated with lunar PSRs is identified as a Strategic Knowledge Gap (SKG) for NASA’s human exploration program, projected to visit the lunar south pole in the next decade

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The Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper (LunaH-Map) mission will map the distribution of hydrogen around the lunar South Pole using a miniature neutron spectrometer. The mission builds upon a decade of lunar science, which has revealed both regional and more localized enrichments of water ice near the lunar poles. Localized enrichments are primarily within permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) and craters throughout

This article describes the current limiting error source for Delta Differential One-way Range (∆DOR), provides a means to reduce this error, and lists the benefits to deep space navigation. Particular advantages for Small Satellite class missions are addressed. The key idea is spreading the spacecraft DOR signal with a pseudonoise (PN) code to make the spacecraft signal spectrum closely resemble the

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Wireless sensor network (WSN) systems for safety-critical, space and Internet of Things applications have recently begun to adopt open standards and commercial-off-the-shelf equipment, and persistently face challenges of malicious intrusion and spectrum coexistence. These threats are explored through Monte-Carlo simulation and benchtop testing, including matched protocol interference and sophisticated

Lists AESS members who were elevated to the status of IEEE Senior Member.

This research presents a novel approach for missions of coverage path planning (CPP) carried out by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in a three-dimensional environment. These missions are focused on path planning to cover a certain area in an environment in order to carry out tracking, search, or rescue tasks. The methodology followed uses an optimization process based on the differential evolution

In this article, we present the development and integration of an existing cost-effective, open-source software-defined radio (SDR) receiver into a complete, pulsed-radar system used to study meteor reflections that ablate in the Earth's atmosphere. The use of SDR technology in radar applications is not, in itself, a new concept, but details regarding construction of back-end processing, formatting

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We present a flexible software defined radio (SDR) receiver design for the reception and demodulation of satellite signals. The proposed SDR performs an online Doppler search, as well as a code-rate and code-phase search online. The use of graphics processing units (GPUs) allows the radio to compensate Doppler offsets and achieve symbol synchronization in real time. This eliminates the need for a priori

Prospective authors are requested to submit new, unpublished manuscripts for inclusion in the upcoming event described in this call for papers.

An article in the September 2019 issue of the AES Magazine described the background of the IEEE Historic Milestone to mark the invention and first demonstration of the radar by the German inventor Christian H€ulsmeyer [1]. On 17 May 1904, H€ulsmeyer arranged a demonstration of his invention in K€oln (Cologne), Germany, which was reported in the K€olner Tageblatt and K€olnischer Zeitung newspapers the

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