Geocoding, the process of converting a street address into a pair of coordinates that facilitate mapping, is a perennial challenge for researchers. Both technical and practical barriers exist to geocoding itself and creating reproducible workflows that string multiple geocoders together (so‐called “composite” geocoders). This article presents a suite of open‐source tools designed to standardize American

The hot spots of people's activities are an important part of urban spatial structure research, and the analysis of the driving forces of urban hot spots can provide a scientific basis for urban planning. The determination of urban hot spots is affected by the heterogeneity of the analysis data, resulting in differences in the hot spot driving factors. To analyze the spatial distributions of urban

Parcel‐level evaluation of urban land use efficiency is necessary for city administrations to understand land use status and problems, and to further optimize land use pattern and policy. However, existing research on urban land use efficiency is mainly carried out at city level or block level, and it is difficult to meet the demand for rapid access to fine‐grained land use efficiency across the entire

This study examines textural characteristics, carbonate, organic carbon and chemical composition of sediment samples recovered in the nearshore region (~3–19 m water depth) at the Grijalva River mouth, southern Gulf of Mexico. The aim of this study is to assess the heavy metal contamination and provenance variations in sediments between the dry and northers (rainy) seasons. The proportion of sand,

The Early Permian marine strata exposed at the Siang and Subansiri districts, Arunachal Pradesh are known for brachiopod and molluscan fossils. A stratigraphic review and palaeoenvironmental, palaeoecological, and palaeobiogeographic interpretation of these Early Permian fossils have been dealt here on the basis of additional fossil and rock materials. Our study confirms the following: (1) the brachiopod-dominated

Abstract A significant occurrence of olivine and serpentine (antigorite, lizardite) are reported for the first time in the Dihing sedimentary unit of upper Assam. Petrography of the Dihing Formation documents olivine, serpentine (antigorite, lizardite), pyroxene and major framework grains (quartz, feldspar and variety of lithic fragments). Based on modal composition, the Dihing unit samples are classified

The dynamics of an incompressible fluid drop under the action of non-uniform electric field are considered. The drop is bounded axially by two parallel solid planes, which in the examined case are considered to be heterogeneous. The external electric field acts as an external force which causes motion of the contact line. In equilibrium, the drop has the form of a circular cylinder. The equilibrium

AbstractA small fraction of GRBs with available data down to soft X-rays (∼0.5 keV) have been shown to feature a spectral break in the low-energy part (∼1-10 keV) of their prompt emission spectrum. The overall spectral shape is consistent with optically thin synchrotron emission from a population of particles that have cooled on a timescale comparable to the dynamic time to energies that are still

AbstractI propose a new type of common envelope jets supernova (CEJSN) events where instead of a single neutron star (NS; or a black hole; BH) a tight binary system of a NS and a main sequence star enters a common envelope evolution (CEE) with a red supergiant. The NS and the main sequence star of the tight binary system merge inside the red supergiant envelope and enter a CEE of their own. The NS

Surveys in the next decade will deliver large samples of galaxy clusters that transform our understanding of their formation. Cluster astrophysics and cosmology studies will become systematics limited with samples of this magnitude. With known properties, hydrodynamical simulations of clusters provide a vital resource for investigating potential systematics. However, this is only realized if we compare

AbstractWe present a variation of the recently updated Munich semi-analytical galaxy formation model, L-Galaxies, with a new gas stripping method. Extending earlier work, we directly measure the local environmental properties of galaxies to formulate a more accurate treatment of ram-pressure stripping for all galaxies. We fully re-calibrate the modified L-Galaxies model using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo

AbstractWe characterise the conditional distributions of the H i gas-to-stellar mass ratio, ${R_{\rm H\, {\small I}}}\equiv {M_{\rm H\, {\small I}}}/{M_{\ast }}$, given the stellar mass, M*, of local galaxies from M* ∼ 107 to 1012 M⊙ separated into centrals and satellites as well as into late- and early-type galaxies (LTGs and ETGs, respectively). To do so, we use 1) the homogeneous “eXtended GALEX

AbstractWe examine the thermodynamic state and cooling of the low-z Circum-Galactic Medium (CGM) in five FIRE-2 galaxy formation simulations of Milky Way-mass galaxies. We find that the CGM in these simulations is generally multiphase and dynamic, with a wide spectrum of largely nonlinear density perturbations sourced by the accretion of gas from the Inter-Galactic Medium (IGM) and outflows from both

AbstractWe use N-body simulations to study the evolution of cuspy cold dark matter (CDM) haloes in the gravitational potential of a massive host. Tidal mass losses reshape CDM haloes, leaving behind bound remnants whose characteristic densities are set by the mean density of the host at the pericentre of their respective orbit. The evolution to the final bound remnant state is essentially complete

The exotic range of known planetary systems has provoked an equally exotic range of physical explanations for their diverse architectures. However, constraining formation processes requires mapping the observed exoplanet population to that which initially formed in the protoplanetary disc. Numerous results suggest that (internal or external) dynamical perturbation alters the architectures of some exoplanetary

AbstractRecently, ground-based Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes have reported the detection of very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-rays from some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). One of them, GRB 190829A, was triggered by the Swift satellite, and about 2 × 104 s after the burst onset the VHE gamma-ray emission was detected by H.E.S.S. with ∼5σ significance. This event had unusual features of having much smaller

AbstractWe present a detailed analysis of time variability of two distinct C iv broad absorption line (BAL) components seen in the spectrum of J162122.54+075808.4 (zem= 2.1394) using observations from SDSS, NTT and SALT taken at seven different epochs spanning about 15 years. The blue-BAL component (with an ejection velocity, ve ∼ 37 500 km s−1) is an emerging absorption that shows equivalent width

AbstractThe circular polarization of black hole accretion flows can encode properties of the underlying magnetic field structure. Using general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) simulations, we study the imprint of magnetic field geometry on circular polarization images potentially observable by the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT). We decompose images into the different mechanisms that generate

AbstractNon-ideal MHD effects have been shown recently as a robust mechanism of averting the magnetic braking “catastrophe” and promoting protostellar disc formation. However, the magnetic diffusivities that determine the efficiency of non-ideal MHD effects are highly sensitive to microphysics. We carry out non-ideal MHD simulations to explore the role of microphysics on disc formation and the interplay

AbstractThe two-dimensional B-spline approach recently developed has been applied to calculations of absorption spectra from the n = 3 manifold states of Li atoms in magnetic fields of white dwarfs. A total of 28 magnetized atomic states of five symmetries, 20±, 2( − 1)±, and 2( − 2)+, for this atomic system are involved in the current calculations. Wavelengths and oscillator strengths are presented

We study the time evolution of molecular clouds across three Milky Way-like isolated disc galaxy simulations at a temporal resolution of 1 Myr, and at a range of spatial resolutions spanning two orders of magnitude in spatial scale from ∼10 pc up to ∼1 kpc. The cloud evolution networks generated at the highest spatial resolution contain a cumulative total of ∼80, 000 separate molecular clouds in different

AbstractThe ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the Milky Way. With this third data release of the Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey, we publish 678 423 spectra for 588 571 mostly nearby stars (81.2% of stars are within < 2 kpc), observed with the HERMES

Since the discovery of the spectral peculiarities of their prototype α2 Canum Venaticorum in 1897, the so-called ACV variables, which are comprised of several groups of chemically peculiar stars of the upper main sequence, have been the target of numerous photometric and spectroscopic studies. Especially for the brighter ACV variables, continuous observations over about a century are available, which

AbstractHigh redshift sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) are usually assumed to be powered by star-formation. However, it has been clear for some time that >20% of such sources brighter than ≈3mJy host quasars. Here we analyse a complete sample of 12 sub-mm LABOCA/ALMA 870 μm sources in the centre of the William Herschel Deep Field (WHDF) with multi-wavelength data available from the X-ray to the radio

AbstractMultiple molecular lines are useful for studying the physical properties of multiphase star-forming gas in different types of galaxies. We probe the molecular gas throughout the disc of the spiral galaxy NGC 5033, hosting an active galactic nucleus (AGN), using multiple low-J CO lines [12CO(1–0, 2–1, 3–2 and 13CO(1–0, 2–1)] and dense gas tracers [HCN(1–0) and HCO+(1–0)]. Firstly, we determine

AbstractUnderstanding the growth of the supermassive black holes (SMBH) powering luminous quasars, their co-evolution with host galaxies, and impact on the surrounding intergalactic medium (IGM) depends sensitively on the duration of quasar accretion episodes. Unfortunately, this time-scale, known as the quasar lifetime, tQ, is still uncertain by orders of magnitude (tQ ≃ 0.01 Myr − 1 Gyr). However

AbstractWe study the interplay between galaxy evolution and central black-hole (BH) growth using the NewHorizon cosmological simulation. BH growth is slow when the dark-matter halo is below a golden mass of $M_{\rm v}\!\sim \!10^{12}\, \rm M_\odot$, and rapid above it. The early suppression is primarily due to gas removal by supernova (SN) feedback in the shallow potential well, predicting that BHs

AbstractThe scientific exploitation of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument Bright Galaxy Survey (DESI BGS) data requires the construction of mocks with galaxy population properties closely mimicking those of the actual DESI BGS targets. We create a high fidelity mock galaxy catalogue, including information about galaxies and their host dark matter subhaloes. The mock catalogue uses subhalo abundance

AbstractSelection of extreme objects in the data from large-scale sky surveys is a powerful tool for the detection of new classes of astrophysical objects or rare stages of their evolution. The cross-matching of catalogues and analysis of the colour indices of their objects is a usual approach for this problem which has already provided a lot of interesting results. However, the analysis of objects

Secular evolution of binaries driven by an external (tidal) potential is a classic astrophysical problem. Tidal perturbations can arise due to an external point mass, as in the Lidov-Kozai (LK) theory of hierarchical triples, or due to an extended stellar system (e.g. galaxy or globular cluster) in which the binary resides. For many applications, general-relativistic (GR) apsidal precession is important

AbstractAmong active galactic nuclei, blazars show extreme variability properties. We here investigate the case of the BL Lac object S4 0954+65 with data acquired in 2019–2020 by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. The 2-min cadence optical light curves provided by TESS during three observing sectors of nearly one month each

AbstractRecent progress in constraining the massive accretions (>1:10) experienced by the Milky Way (MW) and the Andromeda galaxy (M31) offers an opportunity to understand the dwarf galaxy population of the Local Group. Using zoom-in dark matter-only simulations of MW-mass haloes and concentrating on subhaloes that are thought to be capable of hosting dwarf galaxies, we demonstrate that the infall

AbstractWe explore variations of the dust extinction law of the Milky Way by selecting stars from the Swift/UVOT Serendipitous Source Catalogue, cross-matched with Gaia DR2 and 2MASS to produce a sample of 10,452 stars out to ∼4 kpc with photometry covering a wide spectral window. The near ultraviolet passbands optimally encompass the 2,175 Å bump, so that we can simultaneously fit the net extinction

SS433 is the only Galactic binary system known to persistently accrete at highly super-critical (or hyper-critical) rates, similar to those in tidal disruption events, and likely needed to explain the rapid growth of those very high redshift quasars containing massive SMBHs. Probing the inner regions of SS433 in the X-rays is crucial to understanding this system, and super-critical accretion in general

The study of gamma-ray blazars is usually hindered due to the lack of information on their redshifts and on their low energy photon fields. This information is key to understand the effect on the gamma-ray absorption due to either extragalactic background light and/or intrinsic absorption and emission processes. All this information has also an impact on the determination of the location of the emitting

AbstractRecent ALMA observations have revealed that a large fraction of protoplanetary discs contain bright rings at (sub)millimeter wavelengths. Dust trapping induced by pressure maxima in the gas disc is a popular explanation for these rings. However, it is unclear whether such pressure bumps can survive for evolutionary time-scales of the disc. In this work, we investigate an alternative scenario

AbstractChemically peculiar stars in eclipsing binary systems are rare objects that allow the derivation of fundamental stellar parameters and important information on evolutionary status and the origin of the observed chemical peculiarities. Here we present an investigation of the known eclipsing binary system BD+09 1467 = V680 Mon. Using spectra from the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic

Several attempts have been made to observe whether solar flares excite acoustic modes since Charles Wolff suggested this possibility almost fifty years ago. We look for the impact of flares on the amplitude of solar acoustic modes and other effects that are also affecting the mode amplitude. Solar acoustic mode amplitudes are known to be sensitive to magnetic fields. As flares usually occur in the

Abstract The tropical Indian Ocean is a net sink for the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere and phytoplankton production plays a crucial role in CO2 fixation and determines the direction of CO2 flux at the sea-to-air interface. In order to assess the influence of phytoplankton composition and primary production on pCO2 levels in the Indian Ocean, sampling was conducted at 25 stations during the

Geological and geochemical characteristics of the litho units exposed in and around Kalalikhera area of Pur-Banera belt have confirmed the presence of felsic volcanic rock unit named Kalalikhera felsic volcanic, with characteristic features such as (i) abundance of lapilli composed of polygonal quartz and feldspar and (ii) presence of relict bipyramidal quartz. These volcanics are associated with thin

Abstract Gas hydrates from the continental margin settings are mostly confined to continental slopes. The free gas occurring below the gas hydrate laden sediments play a crucial role in the submarine slope failures and can potentially trigger the submarine landslides. The present study is carried out to investigate such a scenario in the shale dominated Krishna–Godavari (KG) basin having proven gas

The emergence of large‐scale human spatiotemporal tracing data inspired researchers to investigate human mobility patterns from different perspectives with potential implications for urban planning, traffic management, and emergency response. Previous studies investigated the mechanism of human mobility by constructing spatial mobility motifs based on mobile phone datasets, but ignored their temporal

Within the constraints of operational work supporting humanitarian organizations in their response to the Covid‐19 pandemic, we conducted building extraction for Khartoum, Sudan. We extracted approximately 1.2 million dwellings and buildings, using a Mask R‐CNN deep learning approach from a Pléiades very high‐resolution satellite image with 0.5 m pixel resolution. Starting from an untrained network

Cellular automat​on (CA) are important tools that provide insight into urbanization dynamics and possible future patterns. The calibration process is the core theme of these models. This study compares the performance of two common machine‐learning classifiers, random forest (RF), and support vector machines (SVM), to calibrate CA. It focuses on the sensitivity analysis of the sample size and the number

This article examines the effects of two widely used geomasking methods (aggregation and the bimodal Gaussian method) on errors in car‐ and transit‐based travel times from people's homes to health facilities using Cook County in Illinois as a case study area. It addresses two research questions: (Q1) How do the effects of geomasking on travel time errors differ between transportation modes? (Q2) How

The rapid expansion and unreasonable design of impervious surfaces caused by urbanization have seriously aggravated urban waterlogging. Determining how to optimize the spatial layout of impervious surfaces is the focus of urban waterlogging prevention in urban renewal. The existing urban‐renewal methods include constructing low‐impact development measures by reducing the area of impervious surfaces

Spatial data represent abstractions of real‐world entities and can be obtained in various ways. They have properties that differentiate them from other types of data, such as a complex structure and dynamism. In recent years with the increasing volume of spatial data, referred to as “big geospatial data,” some tools have been developed to process such data efficiently, such as SpatialHadoop. The use

Prediction of heavy/extreme rains is still a challenge, even for the most advanced state-of-the-art high-resolution Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) modelling systems. Hydrological models use the rainfall forecasts from the NWP models as input. This study evaluates the performance of the UK Met Office Unified Model (UM) in predicting the rainfall exceeding 80th and 90th percentiles. Such high rainfall

We are considering the spacetime described by the metric proposed by Mannheim and Kazanas. The effective potential and the circular orbits are discussed. The rotational velocity derived from the geodesics equation agrees with the observed flat galactic rotation curves. Finally, solutions to the Gordon equation for massless bosons evolving in this spacetime are obtained in terms of Heun general functions

AbstractUsing numerical simulations, we study the effects of thermal conduction and radiative cooling on the formation and evolution of solar jets with some macrospicules features. We initially assume that the solar atmosphere is rarely in equilibrium through energy imbalance. Therefore, we test whether the background flows resulting from an imbalance between thermal conduction and radiative cooling

AbstractIn several disciplines it is common to find time series measured at irregular observational times. In particular, in astronomy there are a large number of surveys that gather information over irregular time gaps and in more than one passband. Some examples are Pan-STARRS, ZTF and also the LSST. However, current commonly used time series models that estimate the time dependency in astronomical

The cosmological 7Li problem consists in explaining why the primordial Li abundance, as predicted by the standard Big Bang nucleosynthesis theory with constraints from WMAP and Planck, is a factor of 3 larger than the Li abundance measured in the stars of the Spite plateau defined by old, warm dwarf stars of the Milky Way halo. Several explanations have been proposed to explain this difference, including

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of 13CO(J = 1 − 0) line and 104 GHz continuum emission from NGC 604, a giant H ii region (GHR) in the nearby spiral galaxy M33. Our high spatial resolution images (3.2″ × 2.4″, corresponding to 13 × 10 pc physical scale) allow us to detect fifteen molecular clouds. We find spatial offsets between the 13CO and 104 GHz continuum

Strongly lensed explosive transients such as supernovae, gamma-ray bursts, fast radio bursts, and gravitational waves are very promising tools to determine the Hubble constant (H0) in the near future in addition to strongly lensed quasars. In this work, we show that the transient nature of the point source provides an advantage over quasars: the lensed host galaxy can be observed before or after the

AbstractIn this paper we revisit the problem of identifying bona fide cluster Cepheids by performing an all-sky search for Cepheids associated with open clusters and making use of state-of-the-art catalogued information for both Cepheids and clusters, based on the unparalleled astrometric precision of the second and early third data releases of the Gaia satellite. We determine membership probabilities

We explore the implications of a single observer’s viewpoint on measurements of galaxy clustering statistics. We focus on the Bardeen potentials, which imprint characteristic scale-dependent signatures in the observed galaxy power spectrum. The existence of an observer breaks homogeneity as it singles out particular field values at her/his position, like a spontaneous symmetry breaking. As a result

AbstractThe detection of a water-rich plume erupting from ‘tiger stripes’ near the Enceladus south polar region is an important discovery of geologically active satellites within the Solar System. In this work, we apply an analytical approach to model the plume structure, using as a diagnostic the CO2 distribution extracted from the Cassini Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer measurements made during

AbstractThe physical origin of the scatter in the relation between galaxy stellar mass and the metallicity of the interstellar medium, i.e. the Mass-Metallicity Relation (MZR), reflects the relative importance of key processes in galaxy evolution. The eagle cosmological hydrodynamical simulation is used to investigate the correlations between the residuals of the MZR and the residuals of the relations