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Orbital and Absolute Magnitude Distribution of Jupiter Trojans Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 David Vokrouhlický, David Nesvorný, Miroslav Brož, William F. Bottke, Rogerio Deienno, Carson D. Fuls, Frank C. Shelly
Jupiter Trojans (JTs) librate about the Lagrangian stationary centers L4 and L5 associated with this planet on typically small-eccentricity and moderate-inclination heliocentric orbits. The physical and orbital properties of JTs provide important clues about the dynamical evolution of the giant planets in the early solar system, as well as populations of planetesimals in their source regions. Here
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Characterization of High-polarization Stars and Blazars with DIPOL-1 at Sierra Nevada Observatory Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 J. Otero-Santos, V. Piirola, J. Escudero Pedrosa, I. Agudo, D. Morcuende, A. Sota, V. Casanova, F. J. Aceituno, P. Santos-Sanz
We report here the performance and first results of the new multiband optical polarimeter DIPOL-1, installed at the Sierra Nevada Observatory 90 cm T90 telescope (SNO, Granada, Spain). DIPOL-1 is equipped with a plane parallel calcite plate and λ/2 retarder for modulating the intensity of two perpendicularly polarized beams, and a high readout speed CMOS camera that allows for fast, time-dense coverage
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The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). III. Survey Characterization and Simulation Methods Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Hayden Smotherman, Zachary Langford, Stephen K. N. Portillo, Andrew J. Connolly, J. Bryce Kalmbach, Steven Stetzler, Mario Jurić, William J. Oldroyd, Hsing Wen Lin, Fred C. Adams, Colin Orion Chandler, Cesar Fuentes, David W. Gerdes, Matthew J. Holman, Larissa Markwardt, Andrew McNeill, Michael Mommert, Kevin J. Napier, Matthew J. Payne, Darin Ragozzine, Andrew S. Rivkin, Hilke
We present a detailed study of the observational biases of the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project’s B1 data release and survey simulation software that enables direct statistical comparisons between models and our data. We inject a synthetic population of objects into the images, and then subsequently recover them in the same processing as our real detections. This enables us to characterize the survey’s
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The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). I. Survey Description, Science Questions, and Technical Demonstration Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 David E. Trilling, David W. Gerdes, Mario Jurić, Chadwick A. Trujillo, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Kevin J. Napier, Hayden Smotherman, Ryder Strauss, Cesar Fuentes, Matthew J. Holman, Hsing Wen Lin, Larissa Markwardt, Andrew McNeill, Michael Mommert, William J. Oldroyd, Matthew J. Payne, Darin Ragozzine, Andrew S. Rivkin, Hilke Schlichting, Scott S. Sheppard, Fred C. Adams, Colin Orion Chandler
We present here the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP), a 3 yr NOAO/NOIRLab Survey that was allocated 46.5 nights to discover and measure the properties of thousands of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) to magnitudes as faint as VR ∼ 27 mag, corresponding to sizes as small as 20 km diameter. In this paper we present the science goals of this project, the experimental design of our survey, and a
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The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). VI. First Multiyear Observations of Trans-Neptunian Objects Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Hayden Smotherman, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Stephen K. N. Portillo, Andrew J. Connolly, J. Bryce Kalmbach, Steven Stetzler, Mario Jurić, Dino Bektešević, Zachary Langford, Fred C. Adams, William J. Oldroyd, Matthew J. Holman, Colin Orion Chandler, Cesar Fuentes, David W. Gerdes, Hsing Wen Lin, Larissa Markwardt, Andrew McNeill, Michael Mommert, Kevin J. Napier, Matthew J. Payne, Darin Ragozzine, Andrew
We present the first set of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) observed on multiple nights in data taken from the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project. Of these 110 TNOs, 105 do not coincide with previously known TNOs and appear to be new discoveries. Each individual detection for our objects resulted from a digital tracking search at TNO rates of motion, using two-to-four-hour exposure sets, and the detections
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The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). IV. Constraints on the Shape Distribution of Bright Trans-Neptunian Objects Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Ryder Strauss, David E. Trilling, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Christiano Beach, William J. Oldroyd, Scott S. Sheppard, Hilke E. Schlichting, David W. Gerdes, Cesar Fuentes, Matthew J. Holman, Mario Jurić, Hsing Wen Lin, Larissa Markwardt, Andrew McNeill, Michael Mommert, Kevin J. Napier, Matthew J. Payne, Darin Ragozzine, Andrew S. Rivkin, Hayden Smotherman, Chadwick A. Trujillo, Fred C. Adams, Colin Orion
We present the methods and results from the discovery and photometric measurement of 26 bright VR > 24 trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) during the first year (2019–20) of the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). The DEEP survey is an observational TNO survey with wide sky coverage, high sensitivity, and a fast photometric cadence. We apply a computer vision technique known as a progressive probabilistic
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The DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP). II. Observational Strategy and Design Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Chadwick A. Trujillo, Cesar Fuentes, David W. Gerdes, Larissa Markwardt, Scott S. Sheppard, Ryder Strauss, Colin Orion Chandler, William J. Oldroyd, David E. Trilling, Hsing Wen Lin, Fred C. Adams, Pedro H. Bernardinelli, Matthew J. Holman, Mario Jurić, Andrew McNeill, Michael Mommert, Kevin J. Napier, Matthew J. Payne, Darin Ragozzine, Andrew S. Rivkin, Hilke Schlichting, Hayden Smotherman
We present the DECam Ecliptic Exploration Project (DEEP) survey strategy, including observing cadence for orbit determination, exposure times, field pointings and filter choices. The overall goal of the survey is to discover and characterize the orbits of a few thousand Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) using the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory Blanco 4 m telescope
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On the Interpretation of XSPEC Abundances and Emission Measures Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 D. A. Leahy, A. Foster, I. Seitenzahl
The purpose of this work is to describe the assumptions built into the X-ray spectrum fitting software XSPEC for the calculation of element abundances and emission measure of a plasma and to describe the effects when those assumptions are not accurate. The ratio of electron density to hydrogen density in XSPEC is fixed at a constant. The correct ratio can be calculated from the ionization states of
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Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE). XII. The Detectability of Capstone Biosignatures in the Mid-infrared—Sniffing Exoplanetary Laughing Gas and Methylated Halogens Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Daniel Angerhausen, Daria Pidhorodetska, Michaela Leung, Janina Hansen, Eleonora Alei, Felix Dannert, Jens Kammerer, Sascha P. Quanz, Edward W. Schwieterman, The LIFE initiative
This study aims to identify exemplary science cases for observing N2O, CH3Cl, and CH3Br in exoplanet atmospheres at abundances consistent with biogenic production using a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometric observatory, such as the Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE) mission concept. We use a set of scenarios derived from chemical kinetics models that simulate the atmospheric response
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The Spatial Distribution of Type Ia Supernovae within Host Galaxies Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Christopher Pritchet, Karun Thanjavur, Connor Bottrell, Yan Gao
We study how type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are spatially distributed within their host galaxies, using data taken from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This paper specifically tests the hypothesis that the SNe Ia rate traces the r-band light of the morphological component to which supernovae belong. A sample of supernovae is taken from the SDSS SN Survey, and host galaxies are identified. Each host
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Detecting Anomalous Images in Astronomical Datasets Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Pedro Alonso, Jun Zhang, Xiao-Dong Li
Environmental and instrumental conditions can cause anomalies in astronomical images, which can potentially bias all kinds of measurements if not excluded. Detection of the anomalous images is usually done by human eyes, which is slow and sometimes not accurate. This is an important issue in weak lensing studies, particularly in the era of large-scale galaxy surveys, in which image qualities are crucial
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ABYSS. II. Identification of Young Stars in Optical SDSS Spectra and Their Properties Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Serat Saad, Kaitlyn Lane, Marina Kounkel, Keivan G. Stassun, Ricardo López-Valdivia, Jinyoung Serena Kim, Karla Peña Ramírez, Guy S. Stringfellow, Carlos G. Román-Zúñiga, Jesús Hernández, Scott J. Wolk, Lynne A. Hillenbrand
We developed a tool that measures equivalent widths of various lines in low-resolution optical spectra, and it was applied to stellar spectra obtained as part of SDSS-V and LAMOST programs. These lines, such as Li i, which directly indicates stellar youth, or optical H i and Ca ii, which in emission indicate activity associated with stellar youth, are commonly seen in YSOs. We observe several notable
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The Orbital Geometries and Stellar Obliquities of Exoplanet-hosting Multistar Systems Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Malena Rice, Konstantin Gerbig, Andrew Vanderburg
The current orbital geometries of exoplanet systems offer a fossilized record of the systems’ dynamical histories. A particularly rich set of dynamical mechanisms is available to exoplanets residing in multistar systems, which may have their evolution shaped by the gravitational influence of bound stellar companions. In this work, we examine the joint distribution of stellar obliquities and orbital
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Metallicity Distribution in the LMC and the SMC Based on the Tip-RGB Colors Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ying Li, Biwei Jiang, Yi Ren
The color index (J − K)0 of tip-red-giant branch (TRGB) is used to study the metallicity distribution in the Large and Small Magellanic Cloud. With the most complete and pure sample of red member stars so far, the areas are divided into 154 and 70 bins for the LMC and SMC, respectively, with similar number of stars by the Voronoi binning. For each bin, the position of TRGB on the near-infrared color–magnitude
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The Inner Disk Rim of HD 163296: Linking Radiative Hydrostatic Models with Infrared Interferometry Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Ondřej Chrenko, Mario Flock, Takahiro Ueda, Antoine Mérand, Myriam Benisty, Raúl O. Chametla
Previous studies of the protoplanetary disk HD 163296 revealed that the morphology of its sub-au infrared emission encompasses the terminal sublimation front of dust grains, referred to as the inner rim, but also extends into the (supposedly) dust-free region within it. Here, we present a set of radiative hydrostatic simulations of the inner rim in order to assess how much the rim alone can contribute
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Automated Scheduling of Doppler Exoplanet Observations at Keck Observatory Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Luke B. Handley, Erik A. Petigura, Velibor V. Mišić, Jack Lubin, Howard Isaacson
Precise Doppler studies of extrasolar planets require fine-grained control of observational cadence, i.e., the timing of and spacing between observations. We present a novel framework for scheduling a set of Doppler campaigns with different cadence requirements at the W. M. Keck Observatory. For a set of observing programs and allocated nights on an instrument, our software optimizes the timing and
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Dynamical Structures Associated with High-Order and Secondary Resonances in the Spin–Orbit Problem Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-21 Hanlun Lei
In our solar system, spin–orbit resonances are common under Sun–planet, planet–satellite, and binary asteroid configurations. In this work, high-order and secondary spin–orbit resonances are investigated by taking numerical and analytical approaches. Poincaré sections as well as two types of dynamical maps are produced, showing that there are complicated structures in the phase space. To understand
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Circumstellar Disk Accretion Across the Lagoon Nebula: The Influence of Environment and Stellar Mass Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Laura Venuti, Ann Marie Cody, Giacomo Beccari, Luisa M. Rebull, Michael J. Irwin, Apoorva Thanvantri, Sowmya Thanvantri, Silvia H. P. Alencar, Clara O. Leal, Geert Barentsen, Janet E. Drew, Steve B. Howell
Pre-main-sequence disk accretion is pivotal for determining the final stellar properties and the early conditions for close-in planets. We aim to establish the impact of internal (stellar mass) and external (radiation field) parameters on the disk evolution in the Lagoon Nebula massive star-forming region. We employ simultaneous u, g, r, i, Hα time-series photometry, archival infrared data, and high-precision
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Technosignatures Longevity and Lindy's Law Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Amedeo Balbi, Claudio Grimaldi
The probability of detecting technosignatures (i.e., evidence of technological activity beyond Earth) increases with their longevity, or the time interval over which they manifest. Therefore, the assumed distribution of longevities has some bearing on the chances of success of technosignature searches, as well as on the inferred age of technosignatures following a first contact. Here, we investigate
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Firmamento: A Multimessenger Astronomy Tool for Citizen and Professional Scientists Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Dhurba Tripathi, Paolo Giommi, Adriano Di Giovanni, Rawdha R. Almansoori, Nouf Al Hamly, Francesco Arneodo, Andrea V. Macciò, Goffredo Puccetti, Ulisses Barres de Almeida, Carlos Brandt, Simonetta Di Pippo, Michele Doro, Davit Israyelyan, A. M. T. Pollock, Narek Sahakyan
Firmamento (https://firmamento.hosting.nyu.edu) is a new-concept, web-based, and mobile-friendly data analysis tool dedicated to multifrequency/multimessenger emitters, as exemplified by blazars. Although initially intended to support a citizen researcher project at New York University–Abu Dhabi, Firmamento has evolved to be a valuable tool for professional researchers due to its broad accessibility
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The Weird and the Wonderful in Our Solar System: Searching for Serendipity in the Legacy Survey of Space and Time Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Brian Rogers, Chris J. Lintott, Steve Croft, Megan E. Schwamb, James R. A. Davenport
We present a novel method for anomaly detection in solar system object data in preparation for the Legacy Survey of Space and Time. We train a deep autoencoder for anomaly detection and use the learned latent space to search for other interesting objects. We demonstrate the efficacy of the autoencoder approach by finding interesting examples, such as interstellar objects, and show that by using the
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Observations with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. XI. First Year of Observations from Apache Point Observatory Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 James W. Davidson, Elliott P. Horch, Steven R. Majewski, Evan Fagan, Melissa A. Shea, Torrie Sutherland, Robert F. Wilson, D. Xavier Lesley, Richard A. Pellegrino, Jonathan P. Leonard, John C. Wilson, Nancy J. Chanover, Peter Dow, Todd J. Henry, William Ketzeback, Devin McDonald, Russet McMillan, Jack Dembicky, Riley A. DeColibus, Candace Gray, Amanda Townsend
The Differential Speckle Survey Instrument (DSSI) was relocated to the Astrophysical Research Consortium 3.5 m telescope at Apache Point Observatory (APO) in early 2022. Here we present results from the first year of observations along with an updated instrument description for DSSI at APO, including a detailed description of a new internal slit mask assembly used to measure the instrument plate scale
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Efficient Search and Detection of Faint Moving Objects in Image Data Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Tam Nguyen, Deborah F. Woods, Jessica Ruprecht, Jonathan Birge
The search and detection of faint moving objects in image data can enable discoveries of small solar system bodies. To detect objects fainter than the single-frame sensitivity limit, track-before-detect methods can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the object of interest by incoherently adding the object’s signal across multiple frames. However, traditional track-before-detect techniques can become
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Spectroastrometric Survey of Protoplanetary Disks with Inner Dust Cavities Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Stanley K. Jensen, Sean D. Brittain, Andrea Banzatti, Joan R. Najita, John S. Carr, Joshua Kern, Janus Kozdon, Jonathan Zrake, Jeffrey Fung
We present high-resolution spectra and spectroastrometric (SA) measurements of fundamental rovibrational CO emission from nine nearby (≲300 pc) protoplanetary disks where large inner dust cavities have been observed. The emission-line profiles and SA signals are fit with a slab disk model that allows the eccentricity of the disk and intensity of the emission to vary as power laws. Six of the sources
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Planetary Complexity Revealed by the Joint Differential Entropy of Eigencolors Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Gary Segal, David Parkinson, Stuart Bartlett
We propose a measure, the joint differential entropy of eigencolors, for determining the spatial complexity of exoplanets using only spatially unresolved light-curve data. The measure can be used to search for habitable planets, based on the premise of a potential association between life and exoplanet complexity. We present an analysis using disk-integrated light curves from Earth, developed in previous
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Resonant Chains and the Convergent Migration of Planets in Protoplanetary Disks Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ka Ho Wong, Man Hoi Lee
An increasing number of compact planetary systems with multiple planets in a resonant chain have been detected. The resonant chain must be maintained by convergent migration of the planets due to planet–disk interactions if it is formed before the dispersal of the protoplanetary gas disk. For type I migration in an adiabatic disk, we show that an analytic criterion for convergent migration can be developed
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Activity Analysis on 68P/Klemola and 78P/Gehrels 2 in 2018–2020 Perihelion Passage Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Ruiqi Xu, Jianchun Shi, Yuehua Ma, Yingqi Xin, Fan Li, Ye Yuan
We performed secular monitoring broadband photometric observations on Jupiter Family Comets (JFCs) 68P/Klemola and 78P/Gehrels 2 from 2018 November to 2020 March with the Yaoan High Precision Telescope. Our main purpose is to study the dust activity, coma properties, and dynamical history of the two comets and analyze the activity evolution of 78P/Gehrels 2 in the recent past. We use aperture photometry
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Axisymmetric High Spot Coverage on Exoplanet Host HD 189733 A Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Isaac S. Narrett, Benjamin V. Rackham, Julien de Wit
Transmission spectroscopy is a powerful tool to study exoplanet atmospheres, which can be affected by the ability of stellar photospheric heterogeneity to mimic or mask exoplanetary spectral signatures. The canonical HD 189733 system provides a textbook example of this spectroscopic discrepancy with features that have been variously interpreted as signatures of scattering by haze in the planetary atmosphere
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A Combined Ground-based and JWST Atmospheric Retrieval Analysis: Both IGRINS and NIRSpec Agree that the Atmosphere of WASP-77A b Is Metal-poor Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Peter C. B. Smith, Michael R. Line, Jacob L. Bean, Matteo Brogi, Prune August, Luis Welbanks, Jean-Michel Desert, Jonathan Lunine, Jorge Sanchez, Megan Mansfield, Lorenzo Pino, Emily Rauscher, Eliza Kempton, Joseph Zalesky, Martin Fowler
Ground-based high-resolution and space-based low-resolution spectroscopy are the two main avenues through which transiting exoplanet atmospheres are studied. Both methods provide unique strengths and shortcomings, and combining the two can be a powerful probe into an exoplanet’s atmosphere. Within a joint atmospheric retrieval framework, we combined JWST NIRSpec/G395H secondary eclipse spectra and
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Dynamical Mass of the Ophiuchus Intermediate-mass Stellar System S1 with DYNAMO-VLBA Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Jazmín Ordóñez-Toro, Sergio A. Dzib, Laurent Loinard, Gisela Ortiz-León, Marina A. Kounkel, Josep M. Masqué, S.-N. X. Medina, Phillip A. B. Galli, Trent J. Dupuy, Luis F. Rodríguez, Luis H. Quiroga-Nuñez
We report dynamical mass measurements of the individual stars in the most luminous and massive stellar member of the nearby Ophiuchus star-forming region, the young tight binary system S1. We combine 28 archival data sets with seven recent proprietary Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) observations obtained as part of the Dynamical Masses of Young Stellar Multiple Systems with the VLBA project (DYNAMO–VLBA)
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TOI-1994b: A Low-mass Eccentric Brown Dwarf Transiting A Subgiant Star Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Emma Page, Joshua Pepper, Duncan Wright, Joseph E. Rodriguez, Robert A. Wittenmyer, Stephen R. Kane, Brett Addison, Timothy Bedding, Brendan P. Bowler, Thomas Barclay, Karen A. Collins, Phil Evans, Jonathan Horner, Eric L. N. Jensen, Marshall C. Johnson, John Kielkopf, Ismael Mireles, Peter Plavchan, Samuel N. Quinn, S. Seager, Avi Shporer, Keivan G. Stassun, Stephanie Striegel, Joshua N. Winn, George
We present the discovery of TOI-1994b, a low-mass brown dwarf transiting a hot subgiant star on a moderately eccentric orbit. TOI-1994 has an effective temperature of 7700−410+720 K, V magnitude of 10.51 mag and log(g) of 3.982−0.065+0.067 . The brown dwarf has a mass of 22.1−2.5+2.6 M J, a period of 4.034 days, an eccentricity of 0.341−0.059+0.054 , and a radius of 1.220−0.071+0.082 R J. TOI-1994b
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Cluster Formation in a Filamentary Cloud: The Case of the Stellar Cluster NGC 2316 Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Saurabh Sharma, Aayushi Verma, Kshitiz Mallick, Lokesh K. Dewangan, Harmeen Kaur, Ram Kesh Yadav, Neelam Panwar, Devendra K. Ojha, Tarak Chand, Mamta Agarwal
We present a multiwavelength analysis of the star cluster NGC 2316 and its surroundings. We estimated the physical parameters of the NGC 2316 cluster, including its shape (elongated), size (R cluster = 0.4 pc), distance (1.3 ± 0.3 kpc), and minimum reddening (A V = 1.55 mag). We discovered two massive stars (B2.0V-B1.5V, age ∼12 Myr) embedded (A V = 4 mag) within this cluster. The cluster region still
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Testing Magnetospheric Accretion as an Hα Emission Mechanism of Embedded Giant Planets: The Case Study for the Disk Exhibiting Meridional Flow Around HD 163296 Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Taichi Uyama, Jun Hashimoto, Yuhiko Aoyama, Vincent Deo, Olivier Guyon, Julien Lozi, Barnaby Norris, Motohide Tamura, Sebastien Vievard
Recent high-sensitivity observations reveal that accreting giant planets embedded in their parental circumstellar disks can emit Hα at their final formation stages. While the origin of this emission is not yet determined, magnetospheric accretion is currently the most plausible hypothesis. In order to test this hypothesis further, we develop a simplified but physics-based model and apply it to our
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Orbit of the Patroclus–Menoetius Binary System and Predictions for the 2024/2025 Mutual Events Season Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Marina Brozović, Robert A. Jacobson, Ryan S. Park, Pascal Descamps, Jérôme Berthier, Noemí Pinilla-Alonso, Marcel Popescu, Javier Licandro
We report on the ephemeris development for Menoetius, the satellite of Patroclus. Our data set consisted of ground–based and Hubble Space Telescope relative astrometry, as well as 42 lightcurves from the mutual events seasons in 2007, 2012, and 2017/2018. Our dynamical model included the effects of oblate, nonspherical shapes of the components, and we assumed that Menoetius contained ∼22% of the system’s
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The Outflow of The Protostar in B335. I. Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Klaus W. Hodapp, Laurie L. Chu, Thomas Greene, Michael R. Meyer, Doug Johnstone, Marcia J. Rieke, John Stansberry, Martha Boyer, Charles Beichman, Scott Horner, Tom Roellig, George Rieke, Eric T. Young
The isolated globule B335 contains a single, low-luminosity Class 0 protostar associated with a bipolar nebula and outflow system seen nearly perpendicular to its axis. We observed the innermost regions of this outflow as part of JWST/NIRCam Guaranteed Time Observations program 1187, primarily intended for wide-field slitless spectroscopy of background stars behind the globule. We find a system of
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Searching the SN 1987A SETI Ellipsoid with TESS Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Bárbara Cabrales, James R. A. Davenport, Sofia Sheikh, Steve Croft, Andrew P. V. Siemion, Daniel Giles, Ann Marie Cody
The SETI Ellipsoid is a strategy for technosignature candidate selection that assumes that extraterrestrial civilizations who have observed a galactic-scale event—such as supernova 1987A—may use it as a Schelling point to broadcast synchronized signals indicating their presence. Continuous wide-field surveys of the sky offer a powerful new opportunity to look for these signals, compensating for the
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Kepler Multitransiting System Physical Properties and Impact Parameter Variations Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-12 Yair Judkovsky, Aviv Ofir, Oded Aharonson
We fit a dynamical model to Kepler systems that contain four or more transiting planets using the analytic method AnalyticLC and obtain physical and orbital parameters for 101 planets in 23 systems, of which 95 are of mass significance better than 3σ, and 46 are without previously reported mass constraints or upper limits. In addition, we compile a list of 71 Kepler objects of interest that display
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The Calibration of theta-phi Fiber Positioners Based on the Differential Evolution Algorithm Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 Feifan Zhang, Ye Huang, Baolong Chen, Longfeng Yu, Yu Wang, Zengxiang Zhou, Jianping Wang
Robotic fiber positioner (RFP) arrays are commonly adopted in multiobject spectroscopic instruments. The positioning accuracy is a common but vital issue for RFP as inaccurate fiber placement may heavily affect the observation performance. The calibration of RFP can effectively improve the positioning accuracy. Least-square is a widely used calibration method. However, it has disadvantages, such as
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Binary Fraction in Galactic Star Clusters: FSR 866, NGC 1960, and STOCK 2 Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-09 L. Yalyalieva, A. Chemel, G. Carraro, E. Glushkova
The study of binary stars in different astronomical environments offers insights into the dynamical state of the hosting stellar systems. The binary fraction in fact plays a crucial role in the dynamical evolution of stellar systems, regulating processes like mass segregation and dynamical heating, and in some cases leading to the formation of exotic objects, like, for instance, blue straggler stars
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Haze Optical Depth in Exoplanet Atmospheres Varies with Rotation Rate: Implications for Observations Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Maureen Cohen, Paul I. Palmer, Adiv Paradise, Massimo A. Bollasina, Paola Ines Tiranti
Transmission spectroscopy supports the presence of uncharacterized, light-scattering and -absorbing hazes in the atmospheres of many exoplanets. The complexity of factors influencing the formation, 3D transport, radiative impact, and removal of hazes makes it challenging to match theoretical models to the existing data. Our study simplifies these factors to focus on the interaction between planetary
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NEOWISE Observations of Distant Active Long-period Comets C/2014 B1 (Schwartz), C/2017 K2 (Pan-STARRS), and C/2010 U3 (Boattini) Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Dave G. Milewski, Joseph R. Masiero, Jana Pittichová, Emily A. Kramer, Amy K. Mainzer, James M. Bauer
Hyperactive comet activity typically becomes evident beyond the frost line (∼3–4 au) where it becomes too cold for water-ice to sublimate. If carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the species that drive activity at sufficiently large distances, then detailed studies on the production rates of these species are extremely valuable to examine the formation of the solar system because these
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KPM: A Flexible and Data-driven K-process Model for Nucleosynthesis Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-08 Emily J. Griffith, David W. Hogg, Julianne J. Dalcanton, Sten Hasselquist, Bridget Ratcliffe, Melissa Ness, David H. Weinberg
The element abundance pattern found in Milky Way disk stars is close to two-dimensional, dominated by production from one prompt process and one delayed process. This simplicity is remarkable, since the elements are produced by a multitude of nucleosynthesis mechanisms operating in stars with a wide range of progenitor masses. We fit the abundances of 14 elements for 48,659 red-giant stars from APOGEE
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Deconvolution of JWST/MIRI Images: Applications to an Active Galactic Nucleus Model and GATOS Observations of NGC 5728 Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 M. T. Leist, C. Packham, D. J. V. Rosario, D. A. Hope, A. Alonso-Herrero, E. K. S. Hicks, S. Hönig, L. Zhang, R. Davies, T. Díaz-Santos, O. González-Martín, E. Bellocchi, P. G. Boorman, F. Combes, I. García-Bernete, S. García-Burillo, B. García-Lorenzo, H. Haidar, K. Ichikawa, M. Imanishi, S. M. Jefferies, Á. Labiano, N. A. Levenson, R. Nikutta, M. Pereira-Santaella, C. Ramos Almeida, C. Ricci, D.
The superb image quality, stability, and sensitivity of JWST permit deconvolution techniques to be pursued with a fidelity unavailable to ground-based observations. We present an assessment of several deconvolution approaches to improve image quality and mitigate the effects of the complex JWST point-spread function (PSF). The optimal deconvolution method is determined by using WebbPSF to simulate
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PHANGS Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Survey: Globular Cluster Systems in 17 Nearby Spiral Galaxies Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Matthew Floyd, Rupali Chandar, Bradley C. Whitmore, David A. Thilker, Janice C. Lee, Rachel E. Pauline, Zion L. Thomas, William J. Berschback, Kiana F. Henny, Daniel A. Dale, Ralf S. Klessen, Eva Schinnerer, Kathryn Grasha, Médéric Boquien, Kirsten L. Larson, Sinan Deger, Ashley T. Barnes, Adam K. Leroy, Erik Rosolowsky, Thomas G. Williams, Leonardo Úbeda
We present new catalogs of likely globular clusters (GCs) in 17 nearby spiral galaxies studied as part of the PHANGS Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Treasury Survey. The galaxies were imaged in five broadband filters from the near-ultraviolet through the I band. PHANGS-HST has produced catalogs of stellar clusters of all ages by selecting extended sources (from multiple concentration index measurements)
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The Hidden Clumps in VY CMa Uncovered by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-07 Roberta M. Humphreys, A. M. S. Richards, Kris Davidson, A. P. Singh, L. Decin, L. M. Ziurys
The red hypergiant VY CMa is famous for its very visible record of high-mass-loss events. Recent CO observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) revealed three previously unknown large-scale outflows (Singh et al). In this paper, we use the CO maps to investigate the motions of a cluster of four clumps close to the star, not visible in the optical or infrared images. We
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Direct Exoplanet Detection using Convolutional Image Reconstruction (ConStruct): A New Algorithm for Post-processing High-contrast Images Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Trevor N. Wolf, Brandon A. Jones, Brendan P. Bowler
We present a novel machine-learning approach for detecting faint point sources in high-contrast adaptive optics (AO) imaging data sets. The most widely used algorithms for primary subtraction aim to decouple bright stellar speckle noise from planetary signatures by subtracting an approximation of the temporally evolving stellar noise from each frame in an imaging sequence. Our approach aims to improve
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JWST/NIRCam Transmission Spectroscopy of the Nearby Sub-Earth GJ 341b Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 James Kirk, Kevin B. Stevenson, Guangwei Fu, Jacob Lustig-Yaeger, Sarah E. Moran, Sarah Peacock, Munazza K. Alam, Natasha E. Batalha, Katherine A. Bennett, Junellie Gonzalez-Quiles, Mercedes López-Morales, Joshua D. Lothringer, Ryan J. MacDonald, E. M. May, L. C. Mayorga, Zafar Rustamkulov, David K. Sing, Kristin S. Sotzen, Jeff A. Valenti, Hannah R. Wakeford
We present a JWST/Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) transmission spectrum from 3.9 to 5.0 μm of the recently validated sub-Earth GJ 341b (R P = 0.92 R ⊕, T eq = 540 K) orbiting a nearby bright M1 star (d = 10.4 pc, K mag = 5.6). We use three independent pipelines to reduce the data from the three JWST visits and perform several tests to check for the significance of an atmosphere. Overall, our analysis
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Gas-phase Molecules in Protoplanetary Nebulae with the 21 μm Emission Feature Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Jian-Jie Qiu, Yong Zhang, Jun-ichi Nakashima, Jiang-Shui Zhang, Fei Li, Deng-Rong Lu, Xin-Di Tang, Xiao-Ling Yu, Lan-Wei Jia
It has been more than 30 years since the enigmatic 21 μm emission feature was first discovered in protoplanetary nebulae (PPNs). Although dozens of different dust carrier candidates have been proposed, there is as yet no widely accepted one. We present the results of molecular observations toward 21 μm objects using the 10 m Submillimeter Telescope of Arizona Radio Observatory in the 1.3 mm band and
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Dynamical Architectures of S-type Transiting Planets in Binaries. I. Target Selection Using Hipparcos and Gaia Proper Motion Anomalies* * Also referred to as Hipparcos and Gaia astrometric accelerations. Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-02 Jingwen Zhang, Lauren M. Weiss, Daniel Huber, Eric L. N. Jensen, Timothy D. Brandt, Karen Collins, Dennis M. Conti, Howard Isaacson, Pablo Lewin, Giuseppe Marino, Bob Massey, Felipe Murgas, Enric Palle, Don J. Radford, Howard M. Relles, Gregor Srdoc, Chris Stockdale, Thiam-Guan Tan, Gavin Wang
The effect of stellar multiplicity on planetary architecture and orbital dynamics provides an important context for exoplanet demographics. We present a volume-limited catalog of up to 300 pc of 66 stars hosting planets and planet candidates from Kepler, K2, and TESS with significant Hipparcos-Gaia proper motion anomalies, which indicates the presence of companions. We assess the reliability of each
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Exoplanet Analog Observations of Earth from Galileo Disk-integrated Photometry Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Ryder H. Strauss, Tyler D. Robinson, David E. Trilling, Ryan Cummings, Christopher J. Smith
The Galileo spacecraft had distant encounters with Earth in 1990 and 1992. Limited Solid State Imager (SSI) data acquired during these encounters has been previously presented, but the majority of the data from these Earth flybys have not been presented in the literature. Observations of Earth taken from afar are both rare and directly relevant to the development of any future exo-Earth direct imaging
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Systematic KMTNet Planetary Anomaly Search. X. Complete Sample of 2017 Prime-field Planets Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Yoon-Hyun Ryu, Andrzej Udalski, Jennifer C. Yee, Weicheng Zang, Yossi Shvartzvald, Cheongho Han, Andrew Gould, (Lead Authors), Michael D. Albrow, Sun-Ju Chung, Kyu-Ha Hwang, Youn Kil Jung, In-Gu Shin, Hongjing Yang, Sang-Mok Cha, Dong-Jin Kim, Seung-Lee Kim, Chung-Uk Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Lee, Byeong-Gon Park, Richard W. Pogge, Hanyue Wang, (The KMTNet Collaboration), Przemek Mróz, Michał K.
We complete the analysis of planetary candidates found by the KMT AnomalyFinder for the 2017 prime fields that cover ∼13 deg2. We report three unambiguous planets: OGLE-2017-BLG-0640, OGLE-2017-BLG-1275, and OGLE-2017-BLG-1237. The first two of these were not previously identified, while the last was not previously published due to technical complications induced by a nearby variable. We further report
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An Episode of Occultation Events in Gaia21bcv Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Klaus W. Hodapp, Eric Gaidos, Matthew A. Kenworthy, Michael Tucker, Benjamin J. Shappee, Anna V. Payne, Aaron Do
A previously unremarkable star near the Canis Major OB1/R1 association underwent an episode of multiple deep brightness minima. Light curves based on archival Gaia, Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF), and NEOWISE data and additional observations from the Las Cumbres Observatory and UKIRT show that the star was not variable prior to 2019 August 18 (MJD 58700), and on that date started showing brightness
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Using AI for Wave-front Estimation with the Rubin Observatory Active Optics System Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 John Franklin Crenshaw, Andrew J. Connolly, Joshua E. Meyers, J. Bryce Kalmbach, Guillem Megias Homar, Tiago Ribeiro, Krzysztof Suberlak, Sandrine Thomas, Te-Wei Tsai
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory will, over a period of 10 yr, repeatedly survey the southern sky. To ensure that images generated by Rubin meet the quality requirements for precision science, the observatory will use an active-optics system (AOS) to correct for alignment and mirror surface perturbations introduced by gravity and temperature gradients in the optical system. To accomplish this, Rubin will
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Investigating the Atmospheric Mass Loss of the Kepler-105 Planets Straddling the Radius Gap Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-31 Aaron Householder, Lauren M. Weiss, James E. Owen, Howard Isaacson, Andrew W. Howard, Daniel Fabrycky, Leslie A. Rogers, Hilke E. Schlichting, Benjamin J. Fulton, Erik A. Petigura, Steven Giacalone, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Corey Beard, Ashley Chontos, Fei Dai, Judah Van Zandt, Jack Lubin, Malena Rice, Alex S. Polanski, Paul Dalba, Sarah Blunt, Emma V. Turtelboom, Ryan Rubenzahl, Casey Brinkman
An intriguing pattern among exoplanets is the lack of detected planets between approximately 1.5 R ⊕ and 2.0 R ⊕. One proposed explanation for this “radius gap” is the photoevaporation of planetary atmospheres, a theory that can be tested by studying individual planetary systems. Kepler-105 is an ideal system for such testing due to the ordering and sizes of its planets. Kepler-105 is a Sun-like star
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Far-infrared Luminosity Bursts Trace Mass Accretion onto Protostars Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 William J. Fischer, Cara Battersby, Doug Johnstone, Rachel Lee, Marta Sewiło, Henrik Beuther, Yasuhiro Hasegawa, Adam Ginsburg, Klaus Pontoppidan
Evidence abounds that young stellar objects undergo luminous bursts of intense accretion that are short compared to the time it takes to form a star. It remains unclear how much these events contribute to the main-sequence masses of the stars. We demonstrate the power of time-series far-infrared (far-IR) photometry to answer this question compared to similar observations at shorter and longer wavelengths
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Korg: Fitting, Model Atmosphere Interpolation, and Brackett Lines Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Adam J. Wheeler, Andrew R. Casey, Matthew W. Abruzzo
We describe several updates to Korg, a package for 1D LTE spectral synthesis of FGKM stars. Built-in functions to fit observed spectra via synthesis or equivalent widths make it easy to take advantage of Korg's automatic differentiation. Comparison to a past analysis of 18 Sco shows that we obtain significantly reduced line-to-line abundance scatter with Korg. Fitting and synthesis are facilitated
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A 3D Parametric Venusian Bow Shock Model with the Effects of Mach Number and Interplanetary Magnetic Field Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Ming Wang, Qi Xu, Lianghai Xie, Lei Li, Xiaojun Xu
Using global magnetohydrodynamics simulations, we have developed a three-dimensional parametric model for the Venusian bow shock based on a generalized conic section function defined by six parameters, with the effects of the solar wind magnetosonic Mach number (M MS) and the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) involved. The parametric model’s results reveal the following findings: (1) The size of
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Librating Kozai–Lidov Cycles with a Precessing Quadrupole Potential Are Analytically Approximately Solved Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Ygal Y. Klein, Boaz Katz
The very long term evolution of the hierarchical restricted three-body problem with a slightly aligned precessing quadrupole potential is investigated analytically for librating Kozai–Lidov cycles (KLCs). Klein & Katz presented an analytic solution for the approximate dynamics on a very long timescale developed in the neighborhood of the KLCs' fixed point where the eccentricity vector is close to unity
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The TESS-Keck Survey. XVII. Precise Mass Measurements in a Young, High-multiplicity Transiting Planet System Using Radial Velocities and Transit Timing Variations Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-29 Corey Beard, Paul Robertson, Fei Dai, Rae Holcomb, Jack Lubin, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Natalie M. Batalha, Sarah Blunt, Ian Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Benjamin Fulton, Andrew W. Howard, Dan Huber, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Grzegorz Nowak, Erik A Petigura, Arpita Roy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Lauren M. Weiss, Rafael Barrena, Aida Behmard, Casey L. Brinkman, Ilaria Carleo, Ashley Chontos, Paul
We present a radial velocity (RV) analysis of TOI-1136, a bright Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) system with six confirmed transiting planets, and a seventh single-transiting planet candidate. All planets in the system are amenable to transmission spectroscopy, making TOI-1136 one of the best targets for intra-system comparison of exoplanet atmospheres. TOI-1136 is young (∼700 Myr), and
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The Strength and Variability of the Helium 10830 Å Triplet in Young Stars, with Implications for Exosphere Detection Astron. J. (IF 5.3) Pub Date : 2024-01-26 Daniel M. Krolikowski, Adam L. Kraus, Benjamin M. Tofflemire, Caroline V. Morley, Andrew W. Mann, Andrew Vanderburg
Young exoplanets trace planetary evolution, in particular the atmospheric mass loss that is most dynamic in youth. However, the high activity level of young stars can mask or mimic the spectroscopic signals of atmospheric mass loss. This includes the activity-sensitive He 10830 Å triplet, which is an increasingly important exospheric probe. To characterize the He-10830 triplet at young ages, we present