We here-in demonstrate that the proposed hitherto unknown gravitomagnetic dark-force that hypothetically explains the Flat Rotation Curves of Spiral Galaxies — this same force, explains very well, the logarithmic and as-well, the barred spiral shapes of spiral galaxies. That is, much in line with Edward Arthur Milne (1896-1950)’s 1946 ideas — albeit , on a radically and asymptotically different philosophical

Abstract This work applies a previously suggested model of gravitational field propagation to various planetary bodies within the solar system. Primarily the goal has been to critically test the validity of this model by identifying observations which are in direct conflict with it. Specifically this model predicts a Doppler shift in gravitational acceleration (gD). Applying the model to the planets

Abstract Lunar exploration is a significant process to unravel the evolutionary history of the Earth-Moon system and the pivotal foundation for the exploration of the solar system. A total of 49,161 articles recorded in a comprehensive online literature database between 1959 and 2018 were reviewed to address the development of lunar science in six aspects: publication output volume, keywords, journals

Abstract Among different models for determining the habitable zone (HZ) around a star, a Latitudinal Energy Balance Model (LEBM) is very beneficial due to its parametricity which keeps a good balance between complexity and simulation time. This flexibility makes the LEBM an excellent tool to assess the impact of some key physical parameters on the temperature and the habitability of a planet. Among

Abstract In this work we aimed to develop the image reconstruction algorithm without any analytical simplifications and restrictions. In our method we abandon Fourier’s approach to image reconstruction, and instead use the number of counts recorded in each detector pixel, and then reconstruct each image using a classical Richardson-Lucy algorithm. Among similar works performed in the past, our approach

Abstract In this paper, the evolution of space debris for spacecraft in the Sun-Synchronous orbit has been investigated. The impact motion, the evolution of debris from the Sun-Synchronous orbit, as well as the evolution of debris clouds from the quasi-Sun-Synchronous orbit have been studied. The formulas to calculate the evolution of debris objects have been derived. The relative relationships of

Abstract We use the distributions of spectral indices (αv ) of a large homogenous sample of Fermi-detected blazars to re-investigate the relationship between flat spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) and subclasses of BL Lac objects (BL Lacs). We compute the broadband synchrotron and Compton spectral indices from radio-to-X-ray and X-ray to y-ray bands, respectively. Analyses of our data show continuity

Abstract During re-entry objects with low-eccentricity orbits traverse a large portion of the dense atmospheric region almost every orbital revolution. Their perigee decays slowly, but the apogee decays rapidly. Because ballistic coefficients change with altitude, re-entry predictions of objects in low-eccentricity orbits are more difficult than objects in nearly circular orbits. Problems in orbit

Abstract The discovery and subsequent investigations of atmospheric oxygen on Mars are reviewed. Free oxygen is a biomarker produced by photosynthesizing organisms. Oxygen is reactive and on Mars may be destroyed in 10 years and is continually replenished. Diurnal and spring/summer increases in oxygen have been documented, and these variations parallel biologically induced fluctuations on Earth. Data

Abstract This paper is devoted to the discovery of 37 asteroids at the Baldone Astrophysical Observatory (MPC 069) from 2015 to 2018, and one of dynamically interesting Mars-crosser (MC) observed at the Baldone Astrophysical Observatory, namely 2008 LX16. In Baldone Observatory, was independently discovered the Near-Earth Object 2018 GE3 on the image of 13 April 2018. Also, the NEO 2006 VB14 was observed

Abstract In the space of the entire universe, the only conclusive evidence of life, is found on Earth. Although the ultimate source of all life is unknown, many investigators believe Earth, Mars, and Venus may have been seeded with life when these planets, and the sun, were forming in a galactic cluster of thousands of stars and protoplanets. Yet others hypothesize that while and after becoming established

Abstract Based on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) observations during Solar Cycle 23, this paper examines solar activity dependence of ionospheric bulk ion upflow events (IUEs) in the Southern Hemisphere (SH). Much previous similar work was conducted over the Northern Hemisphere (NH) with measurements from European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT). To eliminate the influence of geomagnetic

Abstract A two-step identification method is proposed, both the moment of inertia and the mass properties are identified. A new index parameter which is different from the commonly used condition number is first defined for designing the optimal excitation. A method is introduced based on the least squares algorithm. Detailed mathematical equations and numerical analysis are proposed. Simulation results

Abstract The increase in space debris orbiting Earth is a critical problem for future space missions. Space debris removal has thus become an area of interest, and significant research progress is being made in this field. However, the exorbitant cost of space debris removal missions is a major concern for commercial space companies. We therefore propose the debris removal using electromagnetic launcher

Abstract In this paper, we have investigated the homogeneous and anisotropic Bianchi type–I cosmological model with a time-varying Newtonian and cosmological constant. We have analytically solved Einstein’s field equations (EFEs) in the presence of a stiff-perfect fluid. We show that the analytical solution for the average scale factor for the generalized Friedman equation involves the hyper-geometric

Abstract We present an investigation of halo coronal mass ejections (HCMEs) kinematics and other facts about the HCMEs. The study of HCMEs is very important because HCMEs are regarded as the main causes of heliospheric and geomagnetic disturbances. In this study, we have investigated 313 HCMEs observed during 1996-2012 by LASCO, coronal holes, and solar flares. We find that HCMEs are of two types:

Abstract New observations of the eclipsing binary system V1848 Ori were carried out using the V filter resulting in a determination of new times of minima and new ephemeris were obtained. We presented the first complete analysis of the system’s orbital period behavior and analysis of O-C diagram done by the GA and MCMC approaches in OCFit code. The O-C diagram demonstrates a sinusoidal trend in the

Abstract We investigated the dynamical behavior in the potential of the primary in the triple asteroid (45) Eugenia with the calculation of the full gravitational potential caused by its 3D irregular shape. We presented the whole structure of the gravitational potential and the effective potential of (45) Eugenia in the coordinate planes, and showed the surface height, surface gravitational force accelerations

Abstract The active galactic nuclei (AGN) are among the most powerful sources with an inherent, pronounced and random variation of brightness. The randomness of their time series is so subtle as to blur the border between aperiodic fluctuations and noisy oscillations. This poses challenges to analysing of such time series because neither visual inspection nor pre-exisitng methods can identify well

Abstract In our study of the validity of Hawking’s predicted radiation temperature of a black-hole, we found that the calculated temperature is another form of Zeldovich’s expression for the cosmological constant. We reasoned that as Zeldovich predicted the extreme value of cosmological constant thus Hawking might have also predicted an extreme temperature. However, the actual temperature might be

Abstract The hypothesis on the role of the meteoroid impacts in the comet nuclei splitting as well as acceleration of their heliocentric velocity are considered. Inclinations of the orbits of split comets relative to the movement planes of 100 known meteoroid streams are calculated. The analysis is carried out for the cases: when the cometary nodes are located from the meteoroids orbit < 0.1 AU; MOID-values

Abstract The studied conjecture is that ultra high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) are hypothetical Planck neutrinos arising in the decay of the protons falling onto the gravastar. The proton is assumed to decay at the Planck scale into positron and four Planck neutrinos. The supermassive black holes inside active galactic nuclei, while interpreted as gravastars, are considered as UHECR sources. The scattering

Abstract In this manuscript, the temperature model of multilayer insulation (MLI) on a spacecraft solar panel in thermal radiation is considered. The thermal insulation performance of MLI and the stress of the spacecraft are also considered. The thermal equilibrium equation of the surface temperature of MLI spacecraft in the presence of current transfer, and the iterative temperature acquisition algorithm

Abstract Solar activity affects geophysical and heliophysical processes. Long-term changes in solar activity are closely related to climate change. Solar physicists and earth science researchers need longer observations of solar activity. Current continuous observations of solar activity are only about 400 years. Some scholars have compiled naked-eye observations of sunspots from 200 BC to 1918 AD

Abstract Previous observations of a large number of galaxies show differences between the photometry of spiral galaxies with clockwise spin patterns and spiral galaxies with counterclockwise spin patterns. In this study the mean magnitude of a large number of clockwise galaxies is compared to the mean magnitude of a large number of counterclockwise galaxies. The observed difference between clockwise

Abstract The mass measurement of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a very complex task. Between several methods for SMBH mass measurements, some of them use the spectral lines, which indicate the motion of the emitting/absorbing material around an SMBH. Mostly, there is an assumption of virialization of line emitting gas in the region which is close to the central SMBH. In this paper we will give

Abstract Here we present the results of the study of the north-south (N-S) distribution and asymmetry of GOES soft X-ray (SXR) flares during solar cycle 24. The period of study includes ascending, maximum and descending phases of the cycle. During the cycle double-peaked (2011, 2014) solar maximum has occurred. The cycle peak in the year 2011 is due to B-class flares excess activity in the northern

Abstract We computed the impact solutions of the potentially dangerous Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) 2001 BB16 based on 47 optical observations from January 20.08316 UTC, 2001, through February 09.15740 UTC, 2016, and one radar observation from January 19.90347 UTC, 2016. We used two methods to sample the starting Line of Variation (LOV). First method, called thereafter LOV1, with the uniform sampling

Abstract Artificial sun-synchronous orbits are suitable for remote sensing satellites and useful in giving accurate surface mapping. To design such orbits accurately with arbitrary orbital elements, three control strategies are provided with the consideration of main zonal harmonics up to J4 and solar radiation pressure (SRP). In this paper, the continuous variable low-thrust control is used as a way

Abstract We present a method for deriving the stellar fundamental parameters. It is based on a regularized sliced inverse regression (RSIR).We first tested it on noisy synthetic spectra of A, F, G, and K-type stars, and inverted simultaneously their atmospheric fundamental parameters: Teff., log g, [M/H] and v sin i. Different learning databases were calculated using a range of sampling in Teff., log

Abstract Prototypes of borehole-wall imager instruments were developed and tested at a desert riverbed in Morocco and at a lake’s salty flat in the Atacama desert, to support the drilling activity of ExoMars rover. The onsite recorded borehole images contain information on the context that are lost during the sample acquisition. Benefits of the borehole-wall imaging is the easier maximal energy estimation

Abstract The atmospheric resistance and solar radiation pressure are the main sources of non-gravitational perturbations in orbit determination and prediction of non-cooperative earth-orbiting objects. The calculation of both perturbation accelerations involves the satellite’s surface-mass ratio. Another factor affecting the accuracy of orbit determination and prediction is the sparse observation.

Abstract We study the morphological distribution of galaxies in some nearby clusters, using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey – Data Release 9 (SDSS-DR9). The segregation between early-type galaxies and late-type ones is investigated in g – r / u – g color space, using the color cut u – r = 2.22. The results are compared with those obtained using a color cut that changes with magnitude. They are found to

Abstract Starting in 2019, the TESS mission will monitor the northern ecliptic pole for 1 year. Data will be collected at 30-minute and 2-minute cadences, and only a limited amount of slots will be reserved for targets requiring a 20- second cadence. Only the 20-second cadence is sufficient to sample p-mode oscillations in sdB stars. From the seismic measurements obtained with the Kepler spacecraft

Abstract In 2020, the Geophysical and Astronomical Observatory of the University of Coimbra will celebrate the 95th anniversary of its first spectroheliographic observation. Keeping a daily service of solar observations since then, making almost a century, led to one of the largest continuous solar data collections in the world. This long–term solar database is essential for studies where solar activity

Abstract This paper aims to study the effect of the triaxiality and the oblateness as a special case of primaries on the locations and stability of the collinear equilibrium points of the elliptic restricted three body problem (in brief ERTBP). The locations of the perturbed collinear equilibrium points are first determined in terms of mass ratio of the problem (the smallest mass divided by the total

Abstract Evolution of chondritic parent body is influenced by thermal, impact metamorphism and aqueous alteration, studied in Mező-Madaras, Knyahinya, Mócs and Nyírábrány in aspect of high resolution in situ textural, mineralogical and organic geochemical characteristics, using optical microscopy, FTIR-ATR and Raman spectroscopy. Our observations focused on Fe-containing opaque grains, glass, olivines

Abstract We have proposed that solar ultraviolet and corpuscular radiations may excite photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence of the solid cometary substance including mineral halos of comets. Main characteristics of such possible luminescence and physical mechanisms of these phenomena have considered. Results of the tentative identification of previously unknown cometary emissions and data of laboratory

Abstract Due to the compactness active galactic nuclei (AGN) are still unresolved with optical observations. However, structure and physical conditions of the matter in their central parts are especially important to study the processes of the matter accretion to supermassive black holes and eventually these investigations are essential to understand the galaxy evolution. Polarization contains information

Abstract Broad Emission Lines are the most characteristic features of Active Galaxies, but the mechanism of creating a medium able to emit these intense lines is not quite clear. Observations clearly indicate that the motion of the material is predominantly Keplerian, with traces of inflow and clear signatures of outflow, but this still does not point out whether the lines partially come from the disk

Abstract This paper studies the orbital dynamics of the potential of asteroid 22 Kalliope using observational data of the irregular shape. The zero-velocity surface are calculated and showed with different Jacobian values. All five equilibrium points are found, four of them are outside and unstable, and the other one is inside and linearly stable. The movement and bifurcations of equilibrium points

Abstract The ALH-77005 Martian meteorite was found in Allan Hills on Antarctica during the Japanese National Institute of Polar Research (1977-1978) mission. One thin section sample was studied by optical microscopy for microtexture and by FTIR-ATR microscopy for interpretation of biogenic minerals and embedded organic materials. The geochemical data (biogenic elements, δ13C) of ALH-77005 meteorite

Abstract To observe multiple asteroids in a short time, the time-optimal reorientation is investigated here for the rest-to-rest reorientation of a generic rigid spacecraft. First, the problem is formulated and solved using the hp-adaptive pseudospectral method. It is found that there exist not merely bang-bang but also singular solutions for the problem. Then, the bang-bang and singular solutions

Abstract During the past twenty years, the need to reach theMoon by the private space missions has been growing. Some of the private missions are supported by Google Lunar X-prize and Space-X. In the period between 2020 and 2050 private companies will be planning landing to the Moon with their own capacity. These missions can send new geodesy and cartography data. Lunar topography modelling with new

Abstract One of the most important problems in astronomy is the cosmological constant problem in which conventional calculation of vacuum energy density using quantum mechanics leads to a value which is ~10123 times more than the vacuum energy estimated from astronomical observations of expanding universe. The cosmic coincidence problem questions why matter energy density is of the same order of magnitude

Abstract The time and velocity of ejection of dust particles of anomalous tails from cometary nuclei are determined. It is revealed that some comets cause the formation of an anomalous tail is the collision of their comet nucleus with other bodies of the Solar System. An investigation of the formation conditions of the anomalous tail shows that the dust ejection velocity from the comet nucleus C/1851

Abstract The intersections between a spherical shell and the faces of Voronoi polyhedrons are numerically evaluated. The nodes of these intersections are the points that share the same distances from three nuclei. The nodes are assumed to be the places where we will find clusters of galaxies. The cosmological environment is given by the coupling between the number of galaxies as function of the redshift

Abstract The model of the galaxy is considered as a structure of the baryonic matter embedded into the hot dark matter. The dark matter is supposed to come into being from the decaying matter after the epoch of structure formation. The galaxy is divided into two regions. In the inner region, the baryonic matter predominates over the hot dark matter while in the outer region, the hot dark matter predominates

Abstract We re-processed spectroscopic echelle data on 1999 S4 (LINIER), a catastrophically disintegrated comet, and 2001 Q4 (NEAT) obtained at not quite favorable circumstances. Photometric conditions at the observations were good but measurements of the spectra for the first one were performed at a large zenith distance and the second - with a relatively low spectral resolution. Nevertheless, we

Abstract Cometary bodies are acknowledged to contain some of the most pristine matter in the Solar System, including ices and minerals. Certain number of previously unidentified spectral emission features detected in comets can be explained as emission by hydrocarbon molecules enclosed in a Shpolskii matrix and forming frozen hydrocarbon particles. UV-induced photoluminescence spectra of several self-organized

Abstract An artificial neural network is described for classification of meteor trails into the distinct overdense, intermediate and underdense trail categories. The neural network was trained and on model data obtained using the “KAMET” program and tested on real data. The best result of classification success rate of 95% without according to the heights of the formation of meteor trails. Results

Abstract Perihelion distances of Marsden and Kracht group comets fall into the range 6RS < q < 12RS (the Meyer group comets also share the same perihelion interval). It is by several folds larger than the perihelion distance of the Kreutz group comets (q < 2RS). Average circulation period for comets of the Marsden group is P = 5.5 years and for the Kracht group is P =5.3 years. The Marsden and Kracht

Abstract Low Earth orbits (LEO) are known as a region of high space activity and, consequently, space debris highest density. Launcher upper stages and defunct satellites are the largest space debris objects, whose collisions can result in still greater pollution, rendering further space missions in LEO impossible. Thus, space debris remediation is necessary, and the LEO region is a primary target

Abstract The study of near-Earth space includes the detection and investigation of an increasing number of space debris objects by ground-based optical telescopes. There is no natural cleansing of space in the geostationary region. The telescope Zeiss-2000 with a two-meter aperture of the Terskol observatory is the largest optical instrument regularly used for space debris investigations. One of the

Abstract In this paper we retrace the course of near-Earth astronomy from its beginnings.We emphasize the problem of space debris, which has arisen somewhat unexpectedly, and only keeps on growing and growing.We also cast a glance over the conferences, held by our Institute biennially.

Abstract The properties of unstable large-scale hydrodynamic (HD) modes of oscillations in the gaseous disk of a flat galaxy with a rotation curve having a velocity jump in the inner region of the disk are numerically investigated. It is shown that some of these modes can form a regular pseudo-ring, and others can generate a spiral structure in a model galactic disk, with the rotation curve that can

Abstract An ancient Egyptian Calendar of Lucky and Unlucky Days, the Cairo Calendar (CC), assigns luck with the period of 2.850 days. Previous astronomical, astrophysical and statistical analyses of CC support the idea that this was the period of the eclipsing binary Algol three millennia ago. However, next to nothing is known about who recorded Algol’s period into CC and especially how. Here, we show

Abstract This work seeks to summarize some special aspects of a type of exoplanets known as super-Earths (SE), and the direct influence of these aspects in their habitability. Physical processes like the internal thermal evolution and the generation of a protective Planetary Magnetic Field (PMF) are directly related with habitability. Other aspects such as rotation and the formation of a solid core

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to estimate to what temperatures and to what depth the outer layers of the cometary nuclei are heated for several dozen revolutions around the Sun, and what changes in the composition of the volatiles occur in this case. This is important because it is not clear how much the experimentally obtained results on the composition of cometary comes depend on how long

Abstract The article represents the results of efficiency estimation for perspective observation facilities of near-Earth astronomy in terms of the AES (artificial Earth’s satellite) optical images obtaining and quality. A mathematical method for modeling optical images based on the induced virtual environment is proposed . A speckle interferometric image registration scheme and bispectral processing