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The International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC)—Citizen Scientist System for Asteroid Discovery PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Patrick Miller, Robert Weryk, Richard Wainscoat, Jules Perret, Steve Hartung, Tomas Vorobjov, Luca Buzzi, Herbert Raab, Serge Chastel, John Fairlamb, Mark Huber, Yudish Ramanjooloo, Kenneth Chambers, Thomas de Boer, Hua Gao, Roger Chien-Cheng Lin, Eugene Magnier, Carlton Pennypacker
We describe a citizen science asteroid detection system developed by the International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC) and the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, utilizing data from the Pan-STARRS telescopes. The goals of this project are to (i) educate and engage citizen scientists (mostly high school students) in science and astronomy, (ii) search for new asteroids to extend
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Time Variability of FUV Emission from Cool Stars on Multi-year Timescales PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Leo Kamgar, Kevin France, Allison Youngblood
The physical and chemical properties of planetary atmospheres are affected by temporal evolution of ultraviolet (UV) radiation inputs from their host stars at all time scales. While studies of X-ray/UV flare properties and long-term stellar evolution of exoplanet host stars have provided new constraints regarding stellar inputs to exoplanetary systems, the UV temporal variability of cool stars on the
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Ambipolar Diffusion with a Polytropic Equation of State PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-06 Blake J. Bottesi, Marco Fatuzzo, Lisa Holden, Kendra Herweck
Ambipolar diffusion is the mechanism believed to be responsible for the loss of magnetic support in dense molecular cloud cores, and is therefore likely to play a key role in the star formation process. As such, this mechanism has been studied extensively both semianalytically and numerically. We build upon this existing body of work by considering a one-dimensional self-gravitating gas with a polytropic
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Global Parameters of Eight W UMa-type Binary Systems PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Atila Poro, Mehmet Tanriver, Raul Michel, Ehsan Paki
Multiband photometric investigations for eight binary systems of the W Ursae Majoris-type are presented. Six systems are presented for the first time to analyze their light curves. All the analyzed systems have a temperature below 5000 K and an orbital period of less than 0.28 days. We extracted primary and secondary minima from the ground-based observations of these systems. According to a few observations
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An Algorithm to Mitigate Charge Migration Effects in Data from the Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph on the James Webb Space Telescope* * This work is based on observations made with the NASA/ESA/CSA James Webb Space Telescope. The data were obtained from the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-05 Paul Goudfrooij, David Grumm, Kevin Volk, Howard Bushouse
We present an algorithm that mitigates the effects of charge migration due to the “brighter-fatter effect” (BFE) that occurs for highly illuminated stars in the Teledyne HAWAII-2RG detectors used in the NIRCam, NIRISS, and NIRSpec science instruments aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). The impact of this effect is most significant for photometry and spectrophotometry of bright stars in data
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JWST’s PEARLS: Improved Flux Calibration for NIRCam PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Zhiyuan Ma, Haojing Yan, Bangzheng Sun, Seth H. Cohen, Rolf A. Jansen, Jake Summers, Rogier A. Windhorst, Jordan C. J. D’Silva, Anton M. Koekemoer, Dan Coe, Christopher J. Conselice, Simon P. Driver, Brenda Frye, Norman A. Grogin, Madeline A. Marshall, Mario Nonino, Rafael Ortiz, Nor Pirzkal, Aaron Robotham, Russell E. Ryan, Christopher N. A. Willmer, Heidi B. Hammel, Stefanie N. Milam, Nathan J. Adams
The Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science, a James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) GTO program, obtained a set of unique NIRCam observations that have enabled us to significantly improve the default photometric calibration across both NIRCam modules. The observations consisted of three epochs of 4-band (F150W, F200W, F356W, and F444W) NIRCam imaging in the Spitzer IRAC Dark Field
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WARP: The Data Reduction Pipeline for the WINERED Spectrograph PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Satoshi Hamano, Yuji Ikeda, Shogo Otsubo, Haruki Katoh, Kei Fukue, Noriyuki Matsunaga, Daisuke Taniguchi, Hideyo Kawakita, Keiichi Takenaka, Sohei Kondo, Hiroaki Sameshima
We present a data reduction pipeline written in Python for data obtained with the near-infrared cross-dispersed echelle spectrograph, WINERED, which yields a 0.91–1.35 μm spectrum with the resolving power of Rmax≡λ/Δλ=28,000 or 70,000 depending on the observing mode. The pipeline was developed to efficiently extract the spectrum from the raw data with high quality. It comprises two modes: the calibration
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ESPRESSO Observations of Gaia BH1: High-precision Orbital Constraints and no Evidence for an Inner Binary PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Pranav Nagarajan, Kareem El-Badry, Amaury H. M. J. Triaud, Thomas A. Baycroft, David Latham, Allyson Bieryla, Lars A. Buchhave, Hans-Walter Rix, Eliot Quataert, Andrew Howard, Howard Isaacson, Melissa J. Hobson
We present high-precision radial velocity observations of Gaia BH1, the nearest known black hole (BH). The system contains a solar-type G star orbiting a massive dark companion, which could be either a single BH or an inner BH + BH binary. A BH + BH binary is expected in some models where Gaia BH1 formed as a hierarchical triple, which is attractive because they avoid many of the difficulties associated
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NSClean: An Algorithm for Removing Correlated Noise from JWST NIRSpec Images PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-30 Bernard J. Rauscher
NSClean is an algorithm and python package for removing faint vertical banding and “picture frame noise” from JWST Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) images. NSClean uses known dark areas to fit a background model to each exposure in Fourier space. When the model is subtracted, it removes nearly all correlated noise. Compared to simpler strategies like subtracting the rolling median, NSClean is more
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Keck Infrared Transient Survey. I. Survey Description and Data Release 1 PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-23 S. Tinyanont, R. J. Foley, K. Taggart, K. W. Davis, N. LeBaron, J. E. Andrews, M. J. Bustamante-Rosell, Y. Camacho-Neves, R. Chornock, D. A. Coulter, L. Galbany, S. W. Jha, C. D. Kilpatrick, L. A. Kwok, C. Larison, J. R. Pierel, M. R. Siebert, G. Aldering, K. Auchettl, J. S. Bloom, S. Dhawan, A. V. Filippenko, K. D. French, A. Gagliano, M. Grayling, D. A. Howell, W. V. Jacobson-Galán, D. O. Jones,
We present the Keck Infrared Transient Survey, a NASA Key Strategic Mission Support program to obtain near-infrared (NIR) spectra of astrophysical transients of all types, and its first data release, consisting of 105 NIR spectra of 50 transients. Such a data set is essential as we enter a new era of IR astronomy with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the upcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope
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A Novel Eccentricity Parameterization for Transit-only Models PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-22 Jason D. Eastman
We present a novel eccentricity parameterization for transit-only fits that allows us to efficiently sample the eccentricity and argument of periastron, while being able to generate a self-consistent model of a planet in a Keplerian orbit around its host star. With simulated fits of 330 randomly generated systems, we demonstrate that typical parameterizations often lead to inaccurate and overly precise
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Optimal Photometry of Point Sources: Joint Source Flux and Background Determination on Array Detectors—from Theory to Practical Implementation PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-12 Mario L. Vicuña, Jorge F. Silva, Rene A. Mendez, Marcos E. Orchard, Sebastian Espinosa, Jeremy Tregloan-Reed
In this paper we study the joint determination of source and background flux for point sources as observed by digital array detectors. We explicitly compute the two-dimensional Cramér–Rao absolute lower bound (CRLB) as well as the performance bounds for high-dimensional implicit estimators from a generalized Taylor expansion. This later approach allows us to obtain computable prescriptions for the
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Two-photon Production in Low-velocity Shocks PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-28 S. R. Kulkarni, J. Michael Shull
The Galactic interstellar medium abounds in shocks with low velocities v s ≲ 70 km s−1. Some are descendants of higher velocity shocks, while others start off at low velocity (e.g., stellar bow shocks, intermediate velocity clouds, spiral density waves). Low-velocity shocks cool primarily via Lyα and two-photon continuum, augmented by optical recombination lines (e.g., Hα), forbidden lines of metals
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The Abrupt Resumptions of Pulsations in α Cygni (Deneb) PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Helmut A. Abt, Joyce A. Guzik, Jason Jackiewicz
Paddock’s 1927–1935 radial velocities of α Cygni (Deneb) show semi-regular pulsations with a dominant period of about 12 days. Lucy found many periods of lesser amplitude. In Paddock’s data and subsequent 1956 data from Abt, after the large-amplitude pulsations seemed to damp down, abruptly new sets of pulsations started within a fraction of a day. Five of those resumptions occurred with intervals
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SDSS-IV from 2014 to 2016: A Detailed Demographic Comparison over Three Years PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 Amy M. Jones, Rachael L. Beaton, Brian A. Cherinka, Karen L. Masters, Sara Lucatello, Aleksandar M. Diamond-Stanic, Sarah A. Bird, Michael R. Blanton, Katia Cunha, Emily E. Farr, Diane Feuillet, Peter M. Frinchaboy, Alex Hagen, Karen Kinemuchi, Britt Lundgren, Mariarosa L. Marinelli, Adam D. Myers, Alexandre Roman-Lopes, Ashley J. Ross, José R. Sánchez-Gallego, Sarah J. Schmidt, Jennifer Sobeck, Keivan
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) is one of the largest international astronomy organizations. We present demographic data based on surveys of its members from 2014, 2015 and 2016, during the fourth phase of SDSS (SDSS-IV). We find about half of SDSS-IV collaboration members were based in North America, a quarter in Europe, and the remainder in Asia and Central and South America. Overall, 26%–36%
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The Large Array Survey Telescope—Pipeline. I. Basic Image Reduction and Visit Coaddition PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-21 E. O. Ofek, Y. Shvartzvald, A. Sharon, C. Tishler, D. Elhanati, N. Segev, S. Ben-Ami, G. Nir, E. Segre, Y. Sofer-Rimalt, A. Blumenzweig, N. L. Strotjohann, D. Polishook, A. Krassilchtchikov, A. Zenin, V. Fallah Ramazani, S. Weimann, S. Garrappa, Y. Shanni, P. Chen, E. Zimmerman
The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is a wide-field telescope designed to explore the variable and transient sky with a high cadence and to be a test-bed for cost-effective telescope design. A LAST node is composed of 48 (32 already deployed), 28 cm f/2.2 telescopes. A single telescope has a 7.4 deg2 field of view and reaches a 5σ limiting magnitude of 19.6 (21.0) in 20 (20 × 20) s (filter-less)
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AstroSer: Leveraging Deep Learning for Efficient Content-based Retrieval in Massive Solar-observation Images PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-12 Shichao Wu, Yingbo Liu, Lei Yang, Xiaoying Liu, Xingxu Li, Yongyuan Xiang, Yunyu Gong
Rapid and proficient data retrieval is an essential component of modern astronomical research. In this paper, we address the challenge of retrieving astronomical image content by leveraging state-of-the-art deep learning techniques. We have designed a retrieval model, HybridVR, that integrates the capabilities of the deep learning models ResNet50 and VGG16 and have used it to extract key features of
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The Impact of Serpentinization on the Initial Conditions of Satellite Forming Collisions of Large Kuiper Belt Objects PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Anikó Farkas-Takács, Csaba Kiss
Kuiper Belt objects are thought to be formed at least a few million years after the formation of calcium–aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs), at a time when the 26Al isotope—the major source of radiogenic heat in the early solar system—had significantly depleted. The internal structure of these objects is highly dependent on any additional source that can produce extra heat in addition to that produced
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A Proof of Concept Balanced Mixer with the use of a Digital IF Power Combiner to Improve LO Noise Rejection PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 David Monasterio, Sebastian Jorquera, Franco Curotto, Camilo Espinoza, Ricardo Finger, Leonardo Bronfman
In this work we present a novel digital technique, that allows local oscillator (LO) noise cancellation using a digital power combiner in a balanced mixer receiver architecture. A theoretical analysis of the noise cancellation using the proposed technique is derived and a proof of concept experiment is made for the Ku-Band. This experiment includes the design and construction of a custom balanced mixer
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Rotational Phase Dependent J − H Colour of the Dwarf Planet Eris* * Visiting Astronomer at the Infrared Telescope Facility, which is operated by the University of Hawaii under contract 80HQTR19D0030 with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-07 Róbert Szakáts, Csaba Kiss
The largest bodies—or dwarf planets—constitute a different class among Kuiper Belt objects and are characterized by bright surfaces and volatile compositions remarkably different from that of smaller trans-Neptunian objects. These compositional differences are also reflected in the visible and near-infrared colors, and variegations across the surface can cause broadband colors to vary with rotational
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Staring at the Sun with the Keck Planet Finder: An Autonomous Solar Calibrator for High Signal-to-noise Sun-as-a-star Spectra PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-04 Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Samuel Halverson, Josh Walawender, Grant M. Hill, Andrew W. Howard, Matthew Brown, Evan Ida, Jerez Tehero, Benjamin J. Fulton, Steven R. Gibson, Marc Kassis, Brett Smith, Truman Wold, Joel Payne
Extreme precision radial velocity (EPRV) measurements contend with internal noise (instrumental systematics) and external noise (intrinsic stellar variability) on the road to 10 cm s−1 “exo-Earth” sensitivity. Both of these noise sources are well-probed using “Sun-as-a-star” RVs and cross-instrument comparisons. We built the Solar Calibrator (SoCal), an autonomous system that feeds stable, disk-integrated
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Simulation of High-contrast Polarimetric Observations of Debris Disks with the Roman Coronagraph Instrument PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Ramya M Anche, Ewan Douglas, Kian Milani, Jaren Ashcraft, Maxwell A. Millar-Blanchaer, John H Debes, Julien Milli, Justin Hom
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Coronagraph Instrument will enable the polarimetric imaging of debris disks and inner dust belts in the optical and near-infrared wavelengths, in addition to the high-contrast polarimetric imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets. The Coronagraph uses two Wollaston prisms to produce four orthogonally polarized images and is expected to measure the polarization fraction
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Photometry, Centroid and Point-spread Function Measurements in the LSST Camera Focal Plane Using Artificial Stars PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-01 Johnny H. Esteves, Yousuke Utsumi, Adam Snyder, Theo Schutt, Alex Broughton, Bahrudin Trbalic, Sidney Mau, Andrew Rasmussen, Andrés A. Plazas Malagón, Andrew Bradshaw, Stuart Marshall, Seth Digel, James Chiang, Eli Rykoff, Chris Waters, Marcelle Soares-Santos, Aaron Roodman
The Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s LSST Camera (LSSTCam) pixel response has been characterized using laboratory measurements with a grid of artificial stars. We quantify the contributions to photometry, centroid, point-spread function size, and shape measurement errors due to small anomalies in the LSSTCam CCDs. The main sources of those anomalies are quantum efficiency variations and pixel area variations
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Large-field Astronomical Image Restoration and Superresolution Reconstruction using Deep Learning PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-29 Ma Long, Du Jiangbin, Zhao Jiayao, Wang Xuhao, Peng Yangfan
The existing astronomical image restoration and superresolution reconstruction methods have problems such as low efficiency and poor results when dealing with images possessing large fields of view. Furthermore, these methods typically only handle fixed-size images and require step-by-step processing, which is inconvenient. In this paper, a neural network called Res&RecNet is proposed for the restoration
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An Aluminum-coated sCMOS Sensor for X-Ray Astronomy PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Qinyu Wu, Zhixing Ling, Chen Zhang, Shuang-Nan Zhang, Weimin Yuan
In recent years, tremendous progress has been made on scientific Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (sCMOS) sensors, making them a promising device for future space X-ray missions. We have customized a large-format sCMOS sensor, G1516BI, dedicated for X-ray applications. In this work, a 200 nm thick aluminum layer is successfully sputtered on the surface of this sensor. This Al-coated sensor,
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Methods for Averaging Spectral Line Data PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 L. D. Anderson, B. Liu, Dana. S. Balser, T. M. Bania, L. M. Haffner, Dylan J. Linville, Matteo Luisi, Trey V. Wenger
The ideal spectral averaging method depends on one’s science goals and the available information about one’s data. Including low-quality data in the average can decrease the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N), which may necessitate an optimization method or a consideration of different weighting schemes. Here, we explore a variety of spectral averaging methods. We investigate the use of three weighting schemes
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Comparative Analysis of Image-shift Measurement Algorithms for Solar Shack–Hartmann Wavefront Sensors PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-09 Xiya Wei, Carlos Quintero Noda, Lanqiang Zhang, Changhui Rao
Observations of the Sun provide unique insights into its structure, evolution, and activity, with significant implications for space weather forecasting and solar energy technologies. Ground-based telescopes offer cost-effective and flexible solutions for high-resolution solar observations, but image quality can be affected by atmospheric turbulence. Adaptive optics (AO) systems equipped with Shack–Hartmann
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Linking Sky-plane Observations of Moving Objects PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 John L. Tonry
The Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) observes the visible sky every night in search of dangerous asteroids. With four (soon five) sites ATLAS is facing new challenges for scheduling observations and linking detections to identify moving asteroids. Flexibility in coping with diverse observation sites and times of detections that can be linked is critical, as is optimization of observing
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Rubin Observatory LSST Transients and Variable Stars Roadmap PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-03 Kelly M. Hambleton, Federica B. Bianco, Rachel Street, Keaton Bell, David Buckley, Melissa Graham, Nina Hernitschek, Michael B. Lund, Elena Mason, Joshua Pepper, Andrej Prša, Markus Rabus, Claudia M. Raiteri, Róbert Szabó, Paula Szkody, Igor Andreoni, Simone Antoniucci, Barbara Balmaverde, Eric Bellm, Rosaria Bonito, Giuseppe Bono, Maria Teresa Botticella, Enzo Brocato, Katja Bučar Bricman, Enrico
The Vera C. Rubin Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST) holds the potential to revolutionize time domain astrophysics, reaching completely unexplored areas of the Universe and mapping variability time scales from minutes to a decade. To prepare to maximize the potential of the Rubin LSST data for the exploration of the transient and variable Universe, one of the four pillars of Rubin LSST science
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Active Disturbance Rejection-based Double-loop Control Design for Large Antenna's Servo System PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Ning Li, Na Wang, Zhiyong Liu, Lei Yang
Radio astronomical observations put stringent requirements on the tracking and pointing accuracy of radio telescope antennas. High inertia, low stiffness, underdamped, and multi-resonant frequencies of a large aperture radio telescope’s antenna make the high-accuracy control difficult. It is not easy to satisfy control performance using only conventional PID controllers. A low-order Active Disturbance
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Nonlinear Wave Front Reconstruction from a Pyramid Sensor using Neural Networks PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-02 Alison P. Wong, Barnaby R. M. Norris, Vincent Deo, Peter G. Tuthill, Richard Scalzo, David Sweeney, Kyohoon Ahn, Julien Lozi, Sébastien Vievard, Olivier Guyon
The pyramid wave front sensor (PyWFS) has become increasingly popular to use in adaptive optics (AO) systems due to its high sensitivity. The main drawback of the PyWFS is that it is inherently nonlinear, which means that classic linear wave front reconstruction techniques face a significant reduction in performance at high wave front errors, particularly when the pyramid is unmodulated. In this paper
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Workshop Summary: Exoplanet Orbits and Dynamics PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Anne-Lise Maire, Laetitia Delrez, Francisco J. Pozuelos, Juliette Becker, Nestor Espinoza, Jorge Lillo-Box, Alexandre Revol, Olivier Absil, Eric Agol, José M. Almenara, Guillem Anglada-Escudé, Hervé Beust, Sarah Blunt, Emeline Bolmont, Mariangela Bonavita, Wolfgang Brandner, G. Mirek Brandt, Timothy D. Brandt, Garett Brown, Carles Cantero Mitjans, Carolina Charalambous, Gaël Chauvin, Alexandre C. M
Exoplanetary systems show a wide variety of architectures, which can be explained by different formation and dynamical evolution processes. Precise orbital monitoring is mandatory to accurately constrain their orbital and dynamical parameters. Although major observational and theoretical advances have been made in understanding the architecture and dynamical properties of exoplanetary systems, many
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Fifteen Years of Millimeter Accuracy Lunar Laser Ranging with APOLLO: Data Set Characterization PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 J. B. R. Battat, E. Adelberger, N. R. Colmenares, M. Farrah, D. P. Gonzales, C. D. Hoyle, R. J. McMillan, T. W. Murphy, S. Sabhlok, C. W. Stubbs
We present data from the Apache Point Observatory Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) covering the 15 yr span from 2006 April through the end of 2020. APOLLO measures the Earth–Moon separation by recording the round-trip travel time of photons from the Apache Point Observatory to five retro-reflector arrays on the Moon. The APOLLO data set, combined with the 50 yr archive of measurements from other
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Fifteen Years of Millimeter Accuracy Lunar Laser Ranging with APOLLO: Data Reduction and Calibration PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 N. R. Colmenares, J. B. R. Battat, D. P. Gonzales, T. W. Murphy, S. Sabhlok
The Apache Point Lunar Laser-ranging Operation (APOLLO) has been collecting lunar range measurements for 15 yr at millimeter accuracy. The median nightly range uncertainty since 2006 is 1.7 mm. A recently added Absolute Calibration System (ACS), providing an independent assessment of APOLLO system accuracy and the capability to correct lunar range data, revealed a ∼0.4% (10 ps) systematic error in
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Improvement of Digest2 NEO Classification Code—utilizing the Astrometry Data Exchange Standard PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Peter Vereš, Richard Cloete, Robert Weryk, Abraham Loeb, Matthew J. Payne
We describe enhancements to the digest2 software, a short-arc orbit classifier for heliocentric orbits. Digest2 is primarily used by the Near-Earth Object (NEO) community to flag newly discovered objects for a immediate follow-up and has been a part of NEO discovery process for more than 15 yr. We have updated the solar system population model used to weight the digest2 score according to the 2023
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A Multimodal Transfer Learning Method for Classifying Images of Celestial Point Sources PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Bingjun Wang, Shuxin Hong, Zhiyang Yuan, A-Li Luo, Xiao Kong, Zhiqiang Zou
A large fraction of celestial objects exhibit point shapes in CCD images, such as stars and QSOs, which contain less information due to their few pixels. Point source classification based solely on image data may lead to low accuracy. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a Multi-modal Transfer Learning-based classification method for celestial objects with point shape images. Considering
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A Galaxy Morphology Classification Model Based on Momentum Contrastive Learning PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Guoqiang Shen, Zhiqiang Zou, A-Li Luo, Shuxin Hong, Xiao Kong
The taxonomy of galaxy morphology plays an important role in astrophysics and provides great help for the study of galaxy evolution. To integrate the advantages of unsupervised learning without labels and supervised learning with high classification accuracy, this paper proposes a galaxy morphology classification model based on a momentum contrastive learning algorithm named Momentum Contrastive Learning
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The Adaptive Optics System for the Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph: Performance Modeling PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-23 Uriel Conod, Kate Jackson, Paolo Turri, Scott Chapman, Olivier Lardière, Masen Lamb, Carlos Correia, Gaetano Sivo, Suresh Sivanandam, Jean-Pierre Véran
The Gemini Infrared Multi-Object Spectrograph (GIRMOS) will be a near-infrared, multi-object, medium spectral resolution, integral field spectrograph (IFS) for Gemini North Telescope, designed to operate behind the future Gemini North Adaptive Optics system (GNAO). In addition to a first ground layer Adaptive Optics (AO) correction in closed loop carried out by GNAO, each of the four GIRMOS IFSs will
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Fitting Optical Light Curves of Tidal Disruption Events with TiDE PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-10 Zsófia V. Kovács-Stermeczky, József Vinkó
A Tidal Disruption Event (TDE) occurs when a supermassive black hole tidally disrupts a nearby passing star. The fallback accretion rate of the disrupted star may exceed the Eddington limit, which induces a supersonic outflow and a burst of luminosity, similar to an explosive event. Thus, TDEs can be detected as very luminous transients, and the number of observations for such events is increasing
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Examining the Influence of the Regions on Star Formation Surface Density PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-10-02 Feng-jie Lei, Hong Wu
We analyzed the star formation surface density (ΣSFR) between the global and H ii regions in a sample of 69 low surface brightness galaxies (LSBGs) and 68 star-forming (SF) galaxies using data from the Hα images. The conventional global ΣSFR, which is defined as the star formation rate (SFR) divided by the area of the global galaxy, may not accurately describe the star formation activity in LSBGs due
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The Potential of Detecting Nearby Terrestrial Planets in the HZ with Different Methods PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Hao Qiao-Yang, Zhou Shen-Wei, Liu Hui-Gen
Terrestrial planets in the habitable zone (hereafter HZ) around nearby stars are of great interest and provide a good sample to characterize their habitability. In this paper, we collect a nearby star catalog within 20 pc according to the Gaia Catalog of Nearby Stars, complete the physical parameters of the stars, and select stars that are not brown or white dwarfs. After selection, a sample of 2234
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Efficient Lossless Compression of Integer Astronomical Data PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Òscar Maireles-González, Joan Bartrina-Rapesta, Miguel Hernández-Cabronero, Joan Serra-Sagristà
Each new generation of telescope produces increasingly larger astronomical data volumes, which are expected to reach the order of exabytes in the next decade. Effective and fast data compression methods are paramount to help the scientific community contain storage costs and improve transmission times. Astronomical data differs significantly from natural and Earth-observation images, asking for specifically
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Multiple-wavelength Correlation and Variation Study for 3C 279 at Various Timescales PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-29 Mingtai Chen, Yunguo Jiang
The study on variation phenomena of blazars can shed light on the jet activity and structures. We collect nearly ten years γ-ray, X-ray, optical, and radio light curves of the target 3C 279, and use the local cross-correlation function to perform the correlation analysis among them. Based on lags among different wavelengths, we obtain that the optical as well as the X-ray emitting regions are 32.5−0
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A Study of Ten Early-type Contact Binary Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-25 Wu Chu-Qi, Li Fu-Xing, Qian Sheng-Bang, Zhang Jia, Nopphadon Sarotsakulchai, Ahmed waqas Zubairi, Matekov Azizbek
To study early-type binary systems in different evolutionary stages or environments, the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) is an ideal laboratory due to its low metallicity compared to that of the Milky Way. We conduct a study on the period changes of the close binary systems with B-type spectral classifications in the SMC using OGLE collections. Ten B-type binaries that show no significant periodic variations
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The Steward Observatory LEO Satellite Photometric Survey PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Harrison Krantz, Eric C. Pearce, Adam Block
The Steward Observatory LEO Satellite Photometric Survey is a comprehensive observational survey to characterize the apparent brightness of the Starlink and OneWeb low Earth orbit satellites and evaluate the potential impact on astronomy. We report the results of over 16,000 independent measurements of nearly 2800 individual satellites. In addition to photometry, we also measured the astrometric position
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A Study of Six Extreme Low Mass Ratio Contact Binary Systems PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-21 Surjit S. Wadhwa, Bojan Arbutina, Jelena Petrović, Miroslav D. Filipović, Ain Y. De Horta, Nick F. H. Tothill, Gojko Djurašević
Multi-band (B, V and R) photometric and spectroscopic observations of six poorly studied contact binaries carried out at the Western Sydney University and Las Cumbres Observatory were analyzed using a recent version of the Wilson–Devenney code. All six were found to be of extreme low mass ratio ranging from 0.073 to 0.149. All are of F spectral class with the mass of the primary component ranging from
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Periodic Variable Star Classification with Deep Learning: Handling Data Imbalance in an Ensemble Augmentation Way PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Zihan Kang, Yanxia Zhang, Jingyi Zhang, Changhua Li, Minzhi Kong, Yongheng Zhao, Xue-Bing Wu
Time-domain astronomy is progressing rapidly with the ongoing and upcoming large-scale photometric sky surveys led by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory project (LSST). Billions of variable sources call for better automatic classification algorithms for light curves. Among them, periodic variable stars are frequently studied. Different categories of periodic variable stars have a high degree of class imbalance
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Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-19 Patrick Lierle, Carl Schmidt, Jeffrey Baumgardner, Luke Moore, Emma Lovett
The Rapid Imaging Planetary Spectrograph (RIPS) was designed as a long-slit high-resolution spectrograph for the specific application of studying atmospheres of spatially extended solar system bodies. With heritage in terrestrial airglow instruments, RIPS uses an echelle grating and order-sorting filter to obtain optical spectra at resolving powers of up to R ∼ 127,000. An ultra-narrowband image from
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An Introduction to High Contrast Differential Imaging of Exoplanets and Disks PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Katherine B. Follette
This tutorial is an introduction to High-Contrast Imaging, a technique that enables astronomers to isolate light from faint planets and/or circumstellar disks that would otherwise be lost amidst the light of their host stars. Although technically challenging, high-contrast imaging allows for direct characterization of the properties of circumstellar sources. The intent of the article is to provide
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The Greenland Telescope—Construction, Commissioning, and Operations in Pituffik PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-13 Ming-Tang Chen, Keiichi Asada, Satoki Matsushita, Philippe Raffin, Makoto Inoue, Paul T. P. Ho, Chih-Chiang Han, Derek Kubo, Timothy Norton, Nimesh A. Patel, George Nystrom, Chih-Wei L. Huang, Pierre Martin-Cocher, Jun Yi Koay, Cristina Romero-Cañizales, Ching-Tang Liu, Teddy Huang, Kuan-Yu Liu, Tashun Wei, Shu-Hao Chang, Ryan Chilson, Peter Oshiro, Homin Jiang, Chao-Te Li, Geoffrey Bower, Paul Shaw
In 2018, the Greenland Telescope (GLT) started scientific observation in Greenland. Since then, we have completed several significant improvements and added new capabilities to the telescope system. This paper presents a full review of the GLT system, a summary of our observation activities since 2018, the lessons learned from the operations in the Arctic regions, and the prospect of the telescope
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The Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph for the James Webb Space Telescope. I. Instrument Overview and In-flight Performance PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 René Doyon, Chris J. Willott, John B. Hutchings, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Loïc Albert, David Lafrenière, Neil Rowlands, M. Begoña Vila, André R. Martel, Stephanie LaMassa, David Aldridge, Étienne Artigau, Peter Cameron, Pierre Chayer, Neil J. Cook, Rachel A. Cooper, Antoine Darveau-Bernier, Jean Dupuis, Colin Earnshaw, Néstor Espinoza, Joseph C. Filippazzo, Alexander W. Fullerton, Daniel Gaudreau, Roman
The Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) is the science module of the Canadian-built Fine Guidance Sensor onboard the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). NIRISS has four observing modes: (1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, (2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy at a resolving power of ∼150 between 0.8 and 2.2 μm, (3) single-object cross-dispersed
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Annotated Coadds: Concise Metrics for Characterizing Survey Cadence and for Discovering Variable and Transient Sources PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 David L. Shupe, Frank J. Masci, Ranga Ram Chary, George Helou, Andreas L. Faisst, Roc M. Cutri, Tim Y. Brooke, Jason A Surace, Ken A Marsh
In order to study transient phenomena in the Universe, existing and forthcoming imaging surveys are covering wide areas of sky repeatedly over time, with a range of cadences, point spread functions, and depths. We describe here a framework that allows an efficient search for different types of time-varying astrophysical phenomena in current and future, large data repositories. We first present a methodology
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Comparison Between TeV and Non-TeV Fermi-detected BL Lacertae Objects PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Jingchao Liang, Xiangtao Zeng, Guohai Chen, Xuhong Ye, Jingtian Zhu, Hubing Xiao, Zhiyuan Pei, Guangjie Du, Gao Ying, Junhui Fan
In this paper, we compiled a sample of 410 Fermi-detected BL Lacs, including 42 TeV-detected BL Lacs (TBLs) and 368 non-TeV-detected BL Lacs (non-TBLs) with corresponding mid-infrared (mid-IR), TeV and Fermi γ-ray data, and calculated some important parameters including monochromatic luminosities (mid-IR, GeV and TeV bands) and mid-IR spectral indices. Based on those parameters, we discussed the relationship
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Quantifying Roman WFI Dark Images with the Wavelet Scattering Transform PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Phani Datta Velicheti, John F. Wu, Andreea Petric
The Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope will survey a large area of the sky at near-infrared wavelengths with its Wide Field Instrument (WFI). The performance of the 18 WFI H4RG-10 detectors will need to be well-characterized and regularly monitored in order for Roman to meet its science objectives. Weak lensing science goals are particularly sensitive to instrumental distortions and patterns that might
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Color Transformations of Photometric Measurements of Galaxies in Optical and Near-infrared Wide-field Imaging Surveys* * An online color transformation calculator is available at: https://colors.voxastro.org/. PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-31 Victoria A. Toptun, Igor V. Chilingarian, Kirill A. Grishin, Ivan Yu. Katkov
Over the past 2 decades, wide-field photometric surveys in optical and infrared domains reached a nearly all-sky coverage thanks to numerous observational facilities operating in both hemispheres. However, subtle differences among exact realizations of Johnson and SDSS photometric systems require one to convert photometric measurements into the same system prior to analysis of composite data sets originating
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Dynamic Wisp Removal in JWST NIRCam Images PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 A. S. G. Robotham, J. C. J. D’Silva, R. A. Windhorst, R. A. Jansen, J. Summers, S. P. Driver, C. N. A. Wilmer, S. Bellstedt
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared camera has been found to exhibit serious wisp-like structures in four of its eight short-wavelength detectors. The exact structure and strength of these wisps is highly variable with the position and orientation of JWST, so the use of static templates is non-optimal. Here we investigate a dynamic strategy to mitigate these wisps using long-wavelength
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Similar Image Retrieval using Autoencoder. I. Automatic Morphology Classification of Galaxies PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Eunsuk Seo, Suk Kim, Youngdae Lee, Sang-Il Han, Hak-Sub Kim, Soo-Chang Rey, Hyunmi Song
We present the construction of an image similarity retrieval engine for the morphological classification of galaxies using the Convolutional AutoEncoder (CAE). The CAE is trained on 90,370 preprocessed Sloan Digital Sky Survey galaxy images listed in the Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2) catalog. The visually similar output images returned by the trained CAE suggest that the encoder efficiently compresses input images
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The Large Array Survey Telescope—Science Goals PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-10 S. Ben-Ami, E. O. Ofek, D. Polishook, A. Franckowiak, N. Hallakoun, E. Segre, Y. Shvartzvald, N. L. Strotjohann, O. Yaron, O. Aharonson, I. Arcavi, D. Berge, V. Fallah Ramazani, A. Gal-Yam, S. Garrappa, O. Hershko, G. Nir, S. Ohm, K. Rybicki, I. Sadeh, N. Segev, Y. M. Shani, Y. Sofer-Rimalt, S. Weimann
The Large Array Survey Telescope (LAST) is designed to survey the variable and transient sky at high temporal cadence. The array is comprised of 48 F/2.2 telescopes of 27.9 cm aperture, coupled to full-frame backside-illuminated cooled CMOS detectors with 3.76 μm pixels, resulting in a pixel scale of 1.″25. A single telescope with a field of view of 7.4 deg2 reaches a 5σ limiting magnitude of 19.6
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Identification of Blue Horizontal Branch Stars with Multimodal Fusion PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 Jiaqi Wei, Bin Jiang, Yanxia Zhang
Blue Horizontal Branch stars (BHBs) are ideal tracers to probe the global structure of the milky Way (MW), and the increased size of the BHB star sample could be helpful to accurately calculate the MW’s enclosed mass and kinematics. Large survey telescopes have produced an increasing number of astronomical images and spectra. However, traditional methods of identifying BHBs are limited in dealing with
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Probing the Atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor with SOFIA, Part. IV. Water Vapor Estimates from FORCAST Grism Spectra PASP (IF 3.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-02 W. D. Vacca, C. Iserlohe, S. Shenoy, M. Clarke, C. Fischer, A. Thorpe, E. Chambers
SOFIA was an airborne observatory for far-infrared astronomy stationed at the Armstrong Flight Research Center in Palmdale, CA, USA. Although SOFIA flew at altitudes of ∼41,000 ft, any far-infrared observations from within the Earth’s atmosphere are nevertheless hampered by water vapor absorbing the astronomical signal. The primary atmospheric parameter governing absorption at far-infrared wavelengths