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Mars Precession Rate Determined from Radiometric Tracking of the InSight Lander Planet. Space Sci. (IF 1.782) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Daniel S. Kahan; William M. Folkner; Dustin R. Buccino; Véronique Dehant; Sébastien Le Maistre; Attilio Rivoldini; Tim Van Hoolst; Marie Yseboodt; J.C. Marty
The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport (InSight) mission has provided an opportunity to improve our knowledge of Mars’ interior via the Rotation and Interior Structure Experiment (RISE). RISE provides information on the rotation of Mars by measuring the Doppler shift of radio transmissions from InSight to NASA’s Deep Space Network (DSN) on Earth. Through
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Multivariate Analysis on the Ionospheric Responses to Planetary Waves During the 2019 Antarctic SSW Event J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.799) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 Sheng‐Yang Gu; Chen‐Ke‐Min Teng; Na Li; Mingjiao Jia; Guozhu Li; Haiyong Xie; Zonghua Ding; Xiankang Dou
A rare minor sudden stratospheric warming is observed in the Antarctic polar region during September 2019, which results in the enhancement of a westward wavenumber 1 quasi‐6‐day wave (Q6DW) in the mesopause region. The impacts of this Q6DW event to the ionosphere are then comparatively investigated with multiple data sets, including the ground‐based total electron content (TEC) from geostationary
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Birkeland Current Boundary Flows Associated With Field Line Resonances J. Geophys. Res. Space Phys. (IF 2.799) Pub Date : 2021-02-17 F. R. Fenrich; R. Rankin; D. Sydorenko; W. E. Archer; D. J. Knudsen
Strong zonal flows greater than 1,000 m/s have recently been identified by Swarm in the midnight sector of the winter hemisphere auroral zone. These flows are typically observed between upward and downward field aligned current pairs and therefore are referred to as Birkeland current boundary flows (BCBFs). The Swarm observations also identify ion heating and upflows associated with the fast zonal
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Determination of stellar parameters for Ariel targets: a comparison analysis between different spectroscopic methods Exp. Astron. (IF 1.489) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Anna Brucalassi; Maria Tsantaki; Laura Magrini; Sergio Sousa; Camilla Danielski; Katia Biazzo; Giada Casali; Mathieu Van der Swaelmen; Monica Rainer; Vardan Adibekyan; Elisa Delgado-Mena; Nicoletta Sanna
Ariel has been selected as the next ESA M4 science mission and it is expected to be launched in 2028. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will observe the atmospheres of a large and diversified population of transiting exoplanets. A key factor for the achievement of the scientific goal of Ariel is the selection strategy for the definition of the input target list. A meaningful choice of the targets requires
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ExoSim: the Exoplanet Observation Simulator Exp. Astron. (IF 1.489) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Subhajit Sarkar; Enzo Pascale; Andreas Papageorgiou; Luke J. Johnson; Ingo Waldmann
A new generation of exoplanet research beckons and with it the need for simulation tools that accurately predict signal and noise in transit spectroscopy observations. We developed ExoSim: an end-to-end simulator that models noise and systematics in a dynamical simulation. ExoSim improves on previous simulators in the complexity of its simulation, versatility of use and its ability to be generically
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Author Correction: Sex-specific adipose tissue imprinting of regulatory T cells Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Ajithkumar Vasanthakumar; David Chisanga; Jonas Blume; Renee Gloury; Kara Britt; Darren C. Henstridge; Yifan Zhan; Santiago Valle Torres; Sebastian Liene; Nicholas Collins; Enyuan Cao; Tom Sidwell; Chaoran Li; Raul German Spallanzani; Yang Liao; Paul A. Beavis; Thomas Gebhardt; Natalie Trevaskis; Stephen L. Nutt; Jeffrey D. Zajac; Rachel A. Davey; Mark A. Febbraio; Diane Mathis; Wei Shi; Axel Kallies
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2251-7
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Webcast: How to write a first-class paper Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Jack Leeming
A scientific editor’s tips for writing titles and abstracts to boost the readership of your manuscripts.
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Coronapod: COVID's origins and the 'lab leak' theory Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Benjamin Thompson; Noah Baker; Amy Maxmen
Hear the latest science from the coronavirus pandemic.
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Road map for domesticating multi-genome rice using gene editing Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Diane R. Wang
Rapid domestication of wild polyploid rice.
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Nuclear energy, ten years after Fukushima Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Aditi Verma; Ali Ahmad; Francesca Giovannini
Amid the urgent need to decarbonize, the industry that delivers one-tenth of global electricity must consult the public on reactor research, design, regulation, location and waste.
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Multitude of coronavirus variants found in the US — but the threat is unclear Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Ewen Callaway
Ramped-up sequencing efforts are helping to identify mutations that might boost transmission or help a virus evade immune responses.
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Which are the best pandemic policies? Data trackers are trying to judge Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Quirin Schiermeier
Thousands of scientists and volunteers have charted the way governments have responded to COVID-19.
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US health agency will invest $1 billion to investigate ‘long COVID’ Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Nidhi Subbaraman
The National Institutes of Health will fund researchers to track people’s recovery, and will host a biospecimen bank.
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Daily briefing: Glow-in-the-dark shark is biggest bioluminescent vertebrate Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Flora Graham
Kitefin shark is the biggest bioluminescent vertebrate known. Plus, Fortran wins vote as code that has most transformed research, and a call for funders to consider the unequal toll of the pandemic on scientists.
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Impacts on the Moon: analysis methods and size distribution of impactors. Planet. Space Sci. (IF 1.782) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Chrysa Avdellidou; Edhah Munaibari; Raven Larson; Jeremie Vaubaillon; Marco Delbo; Paul Hayne; Mark Wieczorek; Daniel Sheward; Antony Cook
We are preparing a telescope system to carry out a survey of detection and analysis of lunar impact flashes. In the framework of this project, here we present all necessary methods to automatically identify these luminous events, their lunar impact coordinates, the origin of the impacting meteoroids, as well as the estimation of their physical properties such as mass and size. We tested our methods
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Relativistic modeling of the neutron star in Vela X-1 via Bardeen space-time satisfying the embedding condition New Astron. (IF 1.058) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Satyanarayana Gedela; Ravindra K. Bisht; Neeraj Pant; Jaya Upreti; R.P. Pant
In this paper, we present two new exact and analytic solutions of the Einstein–Maxwell field equations describing compact anisotropic charged stars satisfying the Karmarkar condition in the background of Bardeen black hole geometry. The solutions are composed of two parts: The inner region of the star is described by class I Karmarkar space-time, while exterior of the star is characterized by both
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Identification of phosphodiesterase-4 as the therapeutic target of arctigenin in alleviating psoriatic skin inflammation J. Adv. Res. (IF 6.992) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Heng Li; Xianglei Zhang; Caigui Xiang; Chunlan Feng; Chen Fan; Moting Liu; Huimin Lu; Haixia Su; Yu Zhou; Qing Qi; Yechun Xu; Wei Tang
Arctigenin, derived from Arctium lappa L., has multiple pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, anti-diabetic, anti-tumor, and neuroprotective effects. Nevertheless, the potential therapeutic target of arctigenin in modulating inflammation remains undefined. In the present study, we identified that arctigenin was a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) selective inhibitor for the first time. Arctigenin
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Microbial makers help humans to build tough stuff Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04
Researchers enlist bacteria to make a synthetic composite material that is more damage-resistant than its natural counterparts.
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How long should a conversation last? The people involved haven’t a clue Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04
Participants in a tête-à-tête often misjudge when the other person is ready to call it quits.
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Sequence data: expand comprehensive access Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Richard J. Roberts
Discover the world’s best science and medicine | Nature.com
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Russia: scientists petition to end political persecution Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Alexander Kabanov; Alex Krasnok; Denis Seletskiy
Discover the world’s best science and medicine | Nature.com
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An antibody joins forces with the pancreas to delay diabetes Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-04
An immune molecule props up cells that make insulin, thereby restoring production of the crucial hormone.
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Formation of undulating topography and gravel beds at the bases of incised valleys: Last Glacial Maximum examples beneath the lowlands facing Tokyo Bay Prog. Earth Planet. Sci. (IF 2.508) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Susumu Tanabe; Yoshiro Ishihara
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News Feature: A sea in the Amazon [Ecology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Amy McDermott
A tropical shrub called Chrysobalanus icaco pushes up through Brazil’s white sandy beaches. The plant’s leathery oval leaves and tough silver bark give it the distinct appearance of a mangrove species, adapted to a life buffeted by saltwater. Strangely, though, C. icaco also turns up more than a thousand miles inland, in the forests of the western Amazon. “We find fossil mangroves and associated coastal
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Ki-67 regulates global gene expression and promotes sequential stages of carcinogenesis [Cell Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Karim Mrouj; Nuria Andrés-Sánchez; Geronimo Dubra; Priyanka Singh; Michal Sobecki; Dhanvantri Chahar; Emile Al Ghoul; Ana Bella Aznar; Susana Prieto; Nelly Pirot; Florence Bernex; Benoit Bordignon; Cedric Hassen-Khodja; Martin Villalba; Liliana Krasinska; Daniel Fisher
Ki-67 is a nuclear protein that is expressed in all proliferating vertebrate cells. Here, we demonstrate that, although Ki-67 is not required for cell proliferation, its genetic ablation inhibits each step of tumor initiation, growth, and metastasis. Mice lacking Ki-67 are resistant to chemical or genetic induction of intestinal tumorigenesis. In established cancer cells, Ki-67 knockout causes global
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Predicting transcriptional responses to cold stress across plant species [Plant Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Xiaoxi Meng; Zhikai Liang; Xiuru Dai; Yang Zhang; Samira Mahboub; Daniel W. Ngu; Rebecca L. Roston; James C. Schnable
Although genome-sequence assemblies are available for a growing number of plant species, gene-expression responses to stimuli have been cataloged for only a subset of these species. Many genes show altered transcription patterns in response to abiotic stresses. However, orthologous genes in related species often exhibit different responses to a given stress. Accordingly, data on the regulation of gene
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An in vivo method for diversifying the functions of therapeutic antibodies [Immunology and Inflammation] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Ming Tian; Hwei-Ling Cheng; Michael T. Kimble; Kelly McGovern; Peyton Waddicor; Yiwei Chen; Elizabeth Cantor; Mengting Qiu; Marie-Elen Tuchel; Mai Dao; Frederick W. Alt
V(D)J recombination generates mature B cells that express huge repertoires of primary antibodies as diverse immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain (IgH) and light chain (IgL) of their B cell antigen receptors (BCRs). Cognate antigen binding to BCR variable region domains activates B cells into the germinal center (GC) reaction in which somatic hypermutation (SHM) modifies primary variable region-encoding
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Elevated cerebrospinal fluid cytokine levels in tuberculous meningitis predict survival in response to dexamethasone [Statistics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Laura J. Whitworth; Rajan Troll; Antonio J. Pagán; Francisco J. Roca; Paul H. Edelstein; Mark Troll; David M. Tobin; Nguyen Hoan Phu; Nguyen Duc Bang; Guy E. Thwaites; Nguyen Thuy Thuong Thuong; Roger F. Sewell; Lalita Ramakrishnan
Adjunctive treatment with antiinflammatory corticosteroids like dexamethasone increases survival in tuberculosis meningitis. Dexamethasone responsiveness associates with a C/T variant in Leukotriene A4 Hydrolase (LTA4H), which regulates expression of the proinflammatory mediator leukotriene B4 (LTB4). TT homozygotes, with increased expression of LTA4H, have the highest survival when treated with dexamethasone
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The mechanics and dynamics of cancer cells sensing noisy 3D contact guidance [Cell Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Jihan Kim; Yuansheng Cao; Christopher Eddy; Youyuan Deng; Herbert Levine; Wouter-Jan Rappel; Bo Sun
Contact guidance is a major physical cue that modulates cancer cell morphology and motility, and is directly linked to the prognosis of cancer patients. Under physiological conditions, particularly in the three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM), the disordered assembly of fibers presents a complex directional bias to the cells. It is unclear how cancer cells respond to these noncoherent contact
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Non-line-of-sight imaging over 1.43 km [Physics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Cheng Wu; Jianjiang Liu; Xin Huang; Zheng-Ping Li; Chao Yu; Jun-Tian Ye; Jun Zhang; Qiang Zhang; Xiankang Dou; Vivek K. Goyal; Feihu Xu; Jian-Wei Pan
Non–line-of-sight (NLOS) imaging has the ability to reconstruct hidden objects from indirect light paths that scatter multiple times in the surrounding environment, which is of considerable interest in a wide range of applications. Whereas conventional imaging involves direct line-of-sight light transport to recover the visible objects, NLOS imaging aims to reconstruct the hidden objects from the indirect
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Integration and transfer learning of single-cell transcriptomes via cFIT [Statistics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Minshi Peng; Yue Li; Brie Wamsley; Yuting Wei; Kathryn Roeder
Large, comprehensive collections of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) datasets have been generated that allow for the full transcriptional characterization of cell types across a wide variety of biological and clinical conditions. As new methods arise to measure distinct cellular modalities, a key analytical challenge is to integrate these datasets or transfer knowledge from one to the other to
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Theory of bulk photovoltaic effect in Anderson insulator [Applied Physical Sciences] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Hiroaki Ishizuka; Naoto Nagaosa
The localization of wavefunction by disorder makes a conductive material an insulator with vanishing conductivity at zero temperature. A similar outcome is expected for the photocurrent in semiconductor p-n junctions because the photoexcited carriers cannot drift through the device. In contrast, we here show numerically that the bulk photovoltaic effect—the photovoltaic effect in noncentrosymmetric
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Aggression heuristics underlie animal dominance hierarchies and provide evidence of group-level social information [Psychological and Cognitive Sciences] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Elizabeth A. Hobson; Dan Mønster; Simon DeDeo
Members of a social species need to make appropriate decisions about who, how, and when to interact with others in their group. However, it has been difficult for researchers to detect the inputs to these decisions and, in particular, how much information individuals actually have about their social context. We present a method that can serve as a social assay to quantify how patterns of aggression
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Structural insights into membrane remodeling by SNX1 [Biophysics and Computational Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Yan Zhang; Xiaoyun Pang; Jian Li; Jiashu Xu; Victor W. Hsu; Fei Sun
The sorting nexin (SNX) family of proteins deform the membrane to generate transport carriers in endosomal pathways. Here, we elucidate how a prototypic member, SNX1, acts in this process. Performing cryoelectron microscopy, we find that SNX1 assembles into a protein lattice that consists of helical rows of SNX1 dimers wrapped around tubular membranes in a crosslinked fashion. We also visualize the
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Cas9-expressing chickens and pigs as resources for genome editing in livestock [Agricultural Sciences] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Beate Rieblinger; Hicham Sid; Denise Duda; Tarik Bozoglu; Romina Klinger; Antonina Schlickenrieder; Kamila Lengyel; Krzysztof Flisikowski; Tatiana Flisikowska; Nina Simm; Alessandro Grodziecki; Carolin Perleberg; Andrea Bähr; Lucie Carrier; Mayuko Kurome; Valeri Zakhartchenko; Barbara Kessler; Eckhard Wolf; Lutz Kettler; Harald Luksch; Ibrahim T. Hagag; Daniel Wise; Jim Kaufman; Benedikt B. Kaufer;
Genetically modified animals continue to provide important insights into the molecular basis of health and disease. Research has focused mostly on genetically modified mice, although other species like pigs resemble the human physiology more closely. In addition, cross-species comparisons with phylogenetically distant species such as chickens provide powerful insights into fundamental biological and
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Emergent robustness of bacterial quorum sensing in fluid flow [Systems Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Mohit P. Dalwadi; Philip Pearce
Bacteria use intercellular signaling, or quorum sensing (QS), to share information and respond collectively to aspects of their surroundings. The autoinducers that carry this information are exposed to the external environment; consequently, they are affected by factors such as removal through fluid flow, a ubiquitous feature of bacterial habitats ranging from the gut and lungs to lakes and oceans
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The imprinted lncRNA Peg13 regulates sexual preference and the sex-specific brain transcriptome in mice [Genetics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Maryam Keshavarz; Diethard Tautz
Mammalian genomes include many maternally and paternally imprinted genes. Most of these are also expressed in the brain, and several have been implicated in regulating specific behavioral traits. Here, we have used a knockout approach to study the function of Peg13, a gene that codes for a fast-evolving lncRNA (long noncoding RNA) and is part of a complex of imprinted genes on chromosome 15 in mice
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{Gamma} valley transition metal dichalcogenide moire bands [Physics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Mattia Angeli; Allan H. MacDonald
The valence band maxima of most group VI transition metal dichalcogenide thin films remain at the Γ point all of the way from bulk to bilayer. In this paper, we develop a continuum theory of the moiré minibands that are formed in the valence bands of Γ-valley homobilayers by a small relative twist. Our effective theory is benchmarked against large-scale ab initio electronic structure calculations that
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Discordant clinical features of identical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy twins [Genetics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Giuliana G. Repetti; Yuri Kim; Alexandre C. Pereira; Jodie Ingles; Mark W. Russell; Neal K. Lakdawala; Carolyn Y. Ho; Sharlene Day; Christopher Semsarian; Barbara McDonough; Steven R. DePalma; Daniel Quiat; Eric M. Green; Christine E. Seidman; J. G. Seidman
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a disease of heart muscle, which affects ∼1 in 500 individuals and is characterized by increased left ventricular wall thickness. While HCM is caused by pathogenic variants in any one of eight sarcomere protein genes, clinical expression varies considerably, even among patients with the same pathogenic variant. To determine whether background genetic variation or
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Structural basis for recognition of distinct deaminated DNA lesions by endonuclease Q [Biochemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Ke Shi; Nicholas H. Moeller; Surajit Banerjee; Jennifer L. McCann; Michael A. Carpenter; Lulu Yin; Ramkumar Moorthy; Kayo Orellana; Daniel A. Harki; Reuben S. Harris; Hideki Aihara
Spontaneous deamination of DNA cytosine and adenine into uracil and hypoxanthine, respectively, causes C to T and A to G transition mutations if left unrepaired. Endonuclease Q (EndoQ) initiates the repair of these premutagenic DNA lesions in prokaryotes by cleaving the phosphodiester backbone 5′ of either uracil or hypoxanthine bases or an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lesion generated by the excision
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Primary sex determination in birds depends on DMRT1 dosage, but gonadal sex does not determine adult secondary sex characteristics [Developmental Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Jason Ioannidis; Gunes Taylor; Debiao Zhao; Long Liu; Alewo Idoko-Akoh; Daoqing Gong; Robin Lovell-Badge; Silvana Guioli; Mike J. McGrew; Michael Clinton
In birds, males are the homogametic sex (ZZ) and females the heterogametic sex (ZW). Primary sex determination is thought to depend on a sex chromosome gene dosage mechanism, and the most likely sex determinant is the Z chromosome gene Doublesex and Mab-3–Related Transcription factor 1 (DMRT1). To clarify this issue, we used a CRISPR-Cas9–based monoallelic targeting approach and sterile surrogate hosts
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Monocyte markers correlate with immune and neuronal brain changes in REM sleep behavior disorder [Neuroscience] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Kristine Farmen; Sara K. Nissen; Morten G. Stokholm; Alex Iranzo; Karen Østergaard; Mónica Serradell; Marit Otto; Kristina B. Svendsen; Alicia Garrido; Dolores Vilas; Per Borghammer; Joan Santamaria; Arne Møller; Carles Gaig; David J. Brooks; Eduardo Tolosa; Nicola Pavese; Marina Romero-Ramos
Synucleinopathies are neurodegenerative diseases with both central and peripheral immune responses. However, whether the peripheral immune changes occur early in disease and their relation to brain events is yet unclear. Isolated rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) can precede synucleinopathy-related parkinsonism and provides a prodromal phenotype to study early Parkinson's disease
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Shape changes and cooperativity in the folding of the central domain of the 16S ribosomal RNA [Chemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Naoto Hori; Natalia A. Denesyuk; D. Thirumalai
Both the small and large subunits of the ribosome, the molecular machine that synthesizes proteins, are complexes of ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) and a number of proteins. In bacteria, the small subunit has a single 16S rRNA whose folding is the first step in its assembly. The central domain of the 16S rRNA folds independently, driven either by Mg2+ ions or by interaction with ribosomal proteins. To provide
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Cadherin cis and trans interactions are mutually cooperative [Biophysics and Computational Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Connor J. Thompson; Vinh H. Vu; Deborah E. Leckband; Daniel K. Schwartz
Cadherin transmembrane proteins are responsible for intercellular adhesion in all biological tissues and modulate tissue morphogenesis, cell motility, force transduction, and macromolecular transport. The protein-mediated adhesions consist of adhesive trans interactions and lateral cis interactions. Although theory suggests cooperativity between cis and trans bonds, direct experimental evidence of
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Drosophila clock cells use multiple mechanisms to transmit time-of-day signals in the brain [Neuroscience] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Annika F. Barber; Shi Yi Fong; Anna Kolesnik; Michael Fetchko; Amita Sehgal
Regulation of circadian behavior and physiology by the Drosophila brain clock requires communication from central clock neurons to downstream output regions, but the mechanism by which clock cells regulate downstream targets is not known. We show here that the pars intercerebralis (PI), previously identified as a target of the morning cells in the clock network, also receives input from evening cells
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Dynamics of hydraulic and contractile wave-mediated fluid transport during Drosophila oogenesis [Developmental Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Jasmin Imran Alsous; Nicolas Romeo; Jonathan A. Jackson; Frank M. Mason; Jörn Dunkel; Adam C. Martin
From insects to mice, oocytes develop within cysts alongside nurse-like sister germ cells. Prior to fertilization, the nurse cells’ cytoplasmic contents are transported into the oocyte, which grows as its sister cells regress and die. Although critical for fertility, the biological and physical mechanisms underlying this transport process are poorly understood. Here, we combined live imaging of germline
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Architecturally complex O-glycopeptidases are customized for mucin recognition and hydrolysis [Biochemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Benjamin Pluvinage; Elizabeth Ficko-Blean; Ilit Noach; Christopher Stuart; Nicole Thompson; Hayden McClure; Nakita Buenbrazo; Warren Wakarchuk; Alisdair B. Boraston
A challenge faced by peptidases is the recognition of highly diverse substrates. A feature of some peptidase families is the capacity to specifically use post-translationally added glycans present on their protein substrates as a recognition determinant. This is ultimately critical to enabling peptide bond hydrolysis. This class of enzyme is also frequently large and architecturally sophisticated.
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Phytophthora sojae effector Avr1d functions as an E2 competitor and inhibits ubiquitination activity of GmPUB13 to facilitate infection [Microbiology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Yachun Lin; Qinli Hu; Jia Zhou; Weixiao Yin; Deqiang Yao; Yuanyuan Shao; Yao Zhao; Baodian Guo; Yeqiang Xia; Qian Chen; Yan Wang; Wenwu Ye; Qi Xie; Brett M. Tyler; Weiman Xing; Yuanchao Wang
Oomycete pathogens such as Phytophthora secrete a repertoire of effectors into host cells to manipulate host immunity and benefit infection. In this study, we found that an RxLR effector, Avr1d, promoted Phytophthora sojae infection in soybean hairy roots. Using a yeast two-hybrid screen, we identified the soybean E3 ubiquitin ligase GmPUB13 as a host target for Avr1d. By coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP)
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Emergence of dynamic vortex glasses in disordered polar active fluids [Physics] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Amélie Chardac; Suraj Shankar; M. Cristina Marchetti; Denis Bartolo
In equilibrium, disorder conspires with topological defects to redefine the ordered states of matter in systems as diverse as crystals, superconductors, and liquid crystals. Far from equilibrium, however, the consequences of quenched disorder on active condensed matter remain virtually uncharted. Here, we reveal a state of strongly disordered active matter with no counterparts in equilibrium: a dynamical
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Sialoglycan recognition is a common connection linking acidosis, zinc, and HMGB1 in sepsis [Immunology and Inflammation] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Shoib S. Siddiqui; Chirag Dhar; Venkatasubramaniam Sundaramurthy; Aniruddha Sasmal; Hai Yu; Esther Bandala-Sanchez; Miaomiao Li; Xiaoxiao Zhang; Xi Chen; Leonard C. Harrison; Ding Xu; Ajit Varki
Blood pH is tightly maintained between 7.35 and 7.45, and acidosis (pH <7.3) indicates poor prognosis in sepsis, wherein lactic acid from anoxic tissues overwhelms the buffering capacity of blood. Poor sepsis prognosis is also associated with low zinc levels and the release of High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from activated and/or necrotic cells. HMGB1 added to whole blood at physiological pH did
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Anomalous nanoparticle surface diffusion in LCTEM is revealed by deep learning-assisted analysis [Chemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Vida Jamali; Cory Hargus; Assaf Ben-Moshe; Amirali Aghazadeh; Hyun Dong Ha; Kranthi K. Mandadapu; A. Paul Alivisatos
The motion of nanoparticles near surfaces is of fundamental importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. Liquid cell transmission electron microscopy (LCTEM) is a promising technique for studying motion of nanoparticles with high spatial resolution. Yet, the lack of understanding of how the electron beam of the microscope affects the particle motion has held back advancement in using LCTEM for in
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Chloride-dependent conformational changes in the GlyT1 glycine transporter [Biochemistry] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Yuan-Wei Zhang; Stacy Uchendu; Vanessa Leone; Richard T. Bradshaw; Ntumba Sangwa; Lucy R. Forrest; Gary Rudnick
The human GlyT1 glycine transporter requires chloride for its function. However, the mechanism by which Cl− exerts its influence is unknown. To examine the role that Cl− plays in the transport cycle, we measured the effect of Cl− on both glycine binding and conformational changes. The ability of glycine to displace the high-affinity radioligand [3H]CHIBA-3007 required Na+ and was potentiated over 1
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A narrow ear canal reduces sound velocity to create additional acoustic inputs in a microscale insect ear [Biophysics and Computational Biology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Daniel Veitch; Emine Celiker; Sarah Aldridge; Christian Pulver; Carl D. Soulsbury; Thorin Jonsson; Charlie Woodrow; Fernando Montealegre-Z
Located in the forelegs, katydid ears are unique among arthropods in having outer, middle, and inner components, analogous to the mammalian ear. Unlike mammals, sound is received externally via two tympanic membranes in each ear and internally via a narrow ear canal (EC) derived from the respiratory tracheal system. Inside the EC, sound travels slower than in free air, causing temporal and pressure
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Excitatory cholecystokinin neurons of the midbrain integrate diverse temporal responses and drive auditory thalamic subdomains [Neuroscience] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-09 Lauren J. Kreeger; Catherine J. Connelly; Preeti Mehta; Boris V. Zemelman; Nace L. Golding
The central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICC) integrates information about different features of sound and then distributes this information to thalamocortical circuits. However, the lack of clear definitions of circuit elements in the ICC has limited our understanding of the nature of these circuit transformations. Here, we combine virus-based genetic access with electrophysiological and optogenetic
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Functional and genetic analysis of viral receptor ACE2 orthologs reveals a broad potential host range of SARS-CoV-2 [Microbiology] Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 Yinghui Liu; Gaowei Hu; Yuyan Wang; Wenlin Ren; Xiaomin Zhao; Fansen Ji; Yunkai Zhu; Fei Feng; Mingli Gong; Xiaohui Ju; Yuanfei Zhu; Xia Cai; Jun Lan; Jianying Guo; Min Xie; Lin Dong; Zihui Zhu; Jie Na; Jianping Wu; Xun Lan; Youhua Xie; Xinquan Wang; Zhenghong Yuan; Rong Zhang; Qiang Ding
The pandemic of COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a major global health threat. Epidemiological studies suggest that bats (Rhinolophus affinis) are the natural zoonotic reservoir for SARS-CoV-2. However, the host range of SARS-CoV-2 and intermediate hosts that facilitate its transmission to humans remain unknown. The interaction of coronavirus with its host receptor is a key genetic determinant of
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Impacts of introducing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions on COVID-19 daily growth rate and compliance in the United States Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (IF 9.412) Pub Date : 2021-03-23 Surya Singh; Mujaheed Shaikh; Katharina Hauck; Marisa Miraldo
We evaluate the impacts of implementing and lifting nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) in US counties on the daily growth rate of COVID-19 cases and compliance, measured through the percentage of devices staying home, and evaluate whether introducing and lifting NPIs protecting selective populations is an effective strategy. We use difference-in-differences methods, leveraging on daily county-level
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Estimated transmissibility and impact of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 in England Science (IF 41.845) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Nicholas G. Davies, Sam Abbott, Rosanna C. Barnard, Christopher I. Jarvis, Adam J. Kucharski, James D. Munday, Carl A. B. Pearson, Timothy W. Russell, Damien C. Tully, Alex D. Washburne, Tom Wenseleers, Amy Gimma, William Waites, Kerry L. M. Wong, Kevin van Zandvoort, Justin D. Silverman, CMMID COVID-19 Working Group1‡, COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium‡, Karla Diaz-Ordaz, Ruth Keogh, Rosalind
A novel SARS-CoV-2 variant, VOC 202012/01 (lineage B.1.1.7), emerged in southeast England in November 2020 and is rapidly spreading toward fixation. Using a variety of statistical and dynamic modelling approaches, we estimate that this variant has a 43–90% (range of 95% credible intervals 38–130%) higher reproduction number than preexisting variants. A fitted two-strain dynamic transmission model shows
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An empirical model of the Earth’s bow shock based on an artificial neural network Planet. Space Sci. (IF 1.782) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 G. Pallocchia; L. Trenchi
All of the past empirical models of the Earth’s bow shock shape were obtained by best-fitting some given surfaces to large collections of observed crossings. However, the issue of bow shock modelling can be addressed by means of artificial neural networks (ANN) as well. The ANN approach is powerful and flexible since an ANN can capture the hidden relation between the bow shock position and a set of
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Technology alliance boosts efforts to store data in DNA Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Sarah Vitak
Trade group aims to advance technologies for storing big data.
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COVID-19: use intersectional analyses to close gaps in outcomes and vaccination Nature (IF 42.778) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Janna R. Shapiro; Sabra L. Klein; Rosemary Morgan
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