This study investigates along-shelf propagating internal solitary waves (ISWs) on the Amazon Shelf using satellite observations and numerical modelling. These ISWs appear as streak-like patterns in satellite images along a narrow path within the North Brazilian Current (NBC), propagating against the current. The streak-like patterns of the along-shelf propagating ISWs are a result of the quasi-two-dimensional

The global upper ocean has been warming during the last decades accompanied with a chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and productivity decrease. Whereas subtropical gyres show similar trends, Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems are thought to increase in productivity due to increased trade winds. This study analyzes recent trends in sea surface temperature (SST), Chl-a, net primary production (NPP) and meridional

Large aggregations of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus occur each spring in the shelf-slope-oceanic regions off the Lofoten-Vesterålen Islands where productive fisheries have traditionally supported local economies. The retention and off-shelf transport of C. finmarchicus populations were studied by analyzing ocean color remote sensing and satellite altimetry data between 2010 and 2019 and Lagrangian

Alongshore current-supported turbidity currents (ACSTCs) are a subclass of wave- and current-supported turbidity currents. They are one of the agents responsible for the dispersal of the river-borne sediments on the continental shelf, which constitutes a major phenomenon controlling the geomorphic evolution of ocean-basin margins over geological time. Therefore, parameterization of the sediment flux

Understanding the responses of air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) flux to rapid environmental changes in the highly productive Chukchi Sea is of great significance for the climate prediction in the Arctic Ocean. Through analyzing the 1998–2015 hindcast simulation of a coupled ocean–sea ice–biogeochemical model, this study identifies that the key factors influencing oceanic carbon uptake in the Chukchi Sea

The bottom topography of ridged sea ice differs greatly from that of other sea-ice types. The form drag of ridge keels has an important influence on sea-ice drift and deformation. In this study, both laboratory experiment (LabE) and fluid dynamics numerical simulation (FDS) have been carried out for a physical ridge model in a tank to better understand the quantitative characteristics of the form drag

Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) production supplies the deep limb of the global overturning circulation and ventilates the deep ocean. While the Weddell and Ross Seas are recognized as key sites for AABW production, additional sources have been discovered in coastal polynya regions around East Antarctica, most recently at Vincennes Bay. Vincennes Bay, despite encompassing two distinct polynya regions

Long-term tide gauge sea level data from 1969 to 2014 at Davao (7.08°N, 125.63°E) and Malakal (7. 33°N, 134.46°E) are analyzed to examine the decadal frequency modulations embedded in the Mindanao Current (MC) variability. The MC variability inferred from the Davao–Malakal sea level was predominantly biennial in the 1970s. This prevailing period switched to interannual in the 1980s and lengthened to

There is strong evidence of an increase in primary production (PP) in the Arctic Ocean (AO) over the last two decades. Further increases will depend on the interplay between decreasing light limitation for primary producers, as the sea ice extent and thickness decrease, and the availability of nutrients, which is controlled by, but not limited to, inputs from the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. While

Sea ice in the Weddell Sea plays important roles in the albedo, air-sea heat, freshwater, and gas exchanges and the formation of the Antarctic Bottom Water on the continental shelf that regulates global climate through deep thermohaline circulation. Sea ice extent in the Weddell Sea does not show any significant trend in the four-decade satellite observation period but does experience large interannual-to-decadal

Tropical cyclone (TC) over the North Atlantic is an important extreme weather event, causing great social and economic damages to the American coastal regions. In this study, we find that the North Atlantic TC activity (genesis frequency and accumulated cyclone energy) has significant multidecadal variability, which exhibits an out-of-phase relationship with that over the eastern North Pacific, referring

Infragravity waves are low-frequency surface waves that can impact a variety of nearshore and oceanic processes. Recent measurements in the North Sea showed that significant bursts of infragravity energy occurred during storm events. Using a spectral wave model, we show that a substantial part of this energy was radiated from distant shorelines where it was generated by the incident sea-swell waves

The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), as the sole low-latitude conduit connecting the Pacific and Indian Oceans, regulates the thermohaline balance between these oceans. Thus, investigating the variability in the ITF and its relationship with the precessional forcing is crucial for understanding the drivers of tropical climate change. Here, we reconstruct the history of the ITF over the past ∼120 kyr based

In the changing Arctic Ocean, organic pollutants' transport and biogeochemical processes are strongly influenced by their particulate export on the broad continental shelf. To better evaluate the vertical particulate export of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), seawater samples were collected from the Bering Sea, Chukchi Sea, and Canada Basin with the first application of 210Po/210Pb disequilibrium

In the central Arctic Ocean, dissolved rare earth element concentrations ([dREE]) and the neodymium (Nd) isotope compositions are constant throughout the deep water column (>1,000 m water depth), indicating unique conditions among the ocean basins and therefore requiring an investigation of seawater-particle interactions. Here, we present the first high-resolution particulate REE and Nd isotope data

Laboratory and field measurements made over the past decade have shown the presence of a strong wave-driven mean current in submerged vegetation canopies. Luhar et al. (2010, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jc006345) suggested that this mean current is analogous to the streaming flow generated in wave boundary layers over bare beds, and developed a simple energy and momentum balance model to predict its

Freshwater lenses (FWLs) deposited by rain exhibit local anomalies in surface salinity and temperature. The resulting patchiness in near-surface density and sea surface temperature influence upper ocean dynamics and air-sea fluxes of heat. Understanding lens formation and evolution has been a focus of recent observational and modeling efforts. The work presented here integrates near-surface ocean and

Particularly cool sea surface temperatures (SSTs) were observed in 2012 along the Northern Gulf of Guinea (NGoG) coast. This strong cooling event was seen from February to June and reached maxima in the coastal upwelling areas: SST anomalies of -1°C were observed in Sassandra Upwelling area in Côte d’Ivoire (SUC, situated east of Cape Palmas) and SST anomalies of -0.5°C were observed in Takoradi Upwelling

Observations of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate () from a range of historical shelf seas data sets are viewed from the perspective of their forcing and dissipation mechanisms: barotropic to baroclinic tidal energy conversion, and pycnocline and bottom boundary layer (BBL) dissipation. The observations are placed in their geographical context using a high resolution numerical model (NEMO AMM60)

Fluctuations in the path of the Gulf Stream (GS) have been previously studied by primarily connecting to either the wind-driven subtropical gyre circulation or buoyancy forcing via the subpolar gyre. Here we present a statistical model for one year predictions of the GS path (represented by the GS northern wall - GSNW) between W and W incorporating both mechanisms in a combined framework. An existing

The North Icelandic Jet (NIJ) is the densest component of the Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW), feeding the abyssal limb of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Here, by using observational and numerical model data we explore the formation of overflow water on the Icelandic shelf, the mechanisms involved and its potential contribution to the NIJ. The sparse observational data on the

Embayed beaches separated by irregular rocky headlands represent 50% of global shorelines. Quantification of inputs and outflows via headland bypassing is necessary for evaluating long-term coastal change. Bypassing rates are predictable for idealised headland morphologies; however, it remains to test the predictability for realistic morphologies, and to quantify the influence of variable morphology

This study systematically evaluates the warm sea surface temperature (SST) bias in the Subtropical Eastern North Pacific, a problem plaguing most Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 models, using the Energy Exascale Earth System Model version 1 (E3SM). In the model at its standard resolution (1° atmosphere, 30–60 km ocean), the SST bias, exceeding several degrees, is mainly concentrated along

The warming and salinification of the northwards flowing water masses from the Southern Ocean to the tropics are studied with Lagrangian trajectories simulated using fields from an Earth System Model. The trajectories are used to trace the geographical distribution of the water mass transformation and connect it with the pathways of the upper limb of the overturning circulation in the Southern Hemisphere

A comprehensive, depth specific (near-surface to 3,700 m) water isotope (δD and δ18O) data set of 237 water samples collected from 20 different locations from the Northwest Pacific through the Luzon Strait to the Northern South China Sea (NSCS) are used to clarify the deeper understanding of water mass processes using δ18O-salinity (S) and δD-δ18O relations. Our study reveals that the δD-δ18O correlation

CFC-12 and SF6 data were used in combination to estimate the mean age of water in the northern South China Sea (NSCS), to explore oceanographic processes related to “time,” including the transit time through the Luzon Strait (LS) with a three-layer circulation structure and the apparent oxygen utilization rates (AOUR). Significant differences in mean ages of water were observed at the same density

Wave-seabed interaction is known to be a fundamental cause of sediment instability and entrainment. Observations of burial for surrogate munitions were made with a high frequency, sector scanning sonar acquiring acoustic images of the seabed every 12 min during a storm event in May 2013 in the northern Gulf of Mexico offshore of Panama City Beach, FL. Surrogate munitions burial depth was verified by

Hydrographic and velocity data from a 2018 winter survey of the western Iceland and Greenland Seas are used to investigate the ventilation of overflow water feeding Denmark Strait. We focus on the two general classes of overflow water: warm, saline Atlantic-origin Overflow Water (AtOW) and cold, fresh Arctic-origin Overflow Water (ArOW). The former is found predominantly within the East Greenland Current

The Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is experiencing significant mass loss and freshwater discharge at glacier fronts. The freshwater input from Greenland will impact the physical properties of adjacent coastal seas, including important regions of deep water formation and contribute to global sea level rise. However, the biogeochemical impact of increasing freshwater discharge from the GrIS is less well

Remotely sensed images document the occurrence of multiple packets of internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the Rhine River plume at the same time. We use a combination of field observations, and non-hydrostatic and hydrostatic modeling to understand the processes that lead to the generation and retention of multiple ISW packets within the Rhine plume. Previous numerical modeling shows that the tidal plume

No abstract is available for this article.

Significant wave height (SWH) stems from a combination of locally generated “wind-sea” and remotely generated “swell” waves. In the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, wave heights typically undergo a sinusoidal annual cycle, with larger SWH in winter in response to seasonal changes in high-latitude storm patterns that generate equatorward propagating swell. However, some locations deviate from this

Effects of wind and waves on the surface dynamics of the Mediterranean Sea are assessed using a modified Ekman model including a Stokes-Coriolis force in the momentum equation. Using 25 years of observations, we documented intermittent but recurrent episodes during which Ekman and Stokes currents substantially modulate the total mesoscale dynamics by two non-exclusive mechanisms: (i) by providing a

Vertical mixing of upper water masses in Arctic fjords is important for circulation and transport of nutrients and heat. However, the distribution of turbulent mixing is poorly known. Here we present hydrographic and microscale turbulence measurements from six fjords in Northwestern (69° N – 75° N) Greenland. Water mass distributions showed the presence of warm bottom water of Atlantic origin in all

The air-sea exchange of oxygen () is driven by changes in solubility, biological activity, and circulation. The total air-sea exchange of has been shown to be closely related to the air-sea exchange of heat on seasonal timescales, with the ratio of the seasonal flux of to heat varying with latitude, being higher in the extratropics and lower in the subtropics. This /heat ratio is both a fundamental

We investigated the transport of Arctic shelf water and its impacts on the downstream hydrographic structures in the Amerasian Basin by combining data collected in the summer of 2016 from two international cruises in the Pacific sector. The East Siberian Sea (ESS), in which cold shelf water with salinity of 31.0–32.8 is produced, was identified to be a major source of the near-freezing temperature

The suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentration (unit: mg l−1) in surface waters is an essential measure of water quality and clarity. Satellite remote sensing provides a powerful tool to derive the SPM with synoptic and repeat coverage. In this study, we developed a new global SPM algorithm utilizing the remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ)) at near-infrared (NIR), red, green, and blue bands (NIR-RGB)

Excess total alkalinity (TA) of Mediterranean Sea (MS) seawater relative to its Atlantic origin has been attributed to high inputs from major rivers and the Black Sea. Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD), which was recently shown to be an important source of nutrients to the MS may also be an important source of TA to the MS. During 2015-2017 water samples were taken from a shoreline groundwater

This paper describes an integrated climatological-hydrodynamic method that couples probabilistic hurricane model, storm surge model, inundation model, coastal protection data, and sea level rise projections to estimate tropical cyclone-induced coastal flood inundation hazard in a coastal megacity-Shanghai, China. We identify three “worst-case” scenarios (extracted from over 5,000 synthetic storms)

The cosmogenic radionuclide 10Be and its stable isotope 9Be can be used as a tracer for water mass mixing, but such applications are rare in both open oceans and marginal seas. Here we report distributions of dissolved 9Be and 10Be concentrations of the seawater in the surface and water columns along a section from shelf to deep basin in the northern South China Sea (SCS). The concentrations of 9Be

Temporal variability in bottom water structures has been observed in 37-h high-resolution temperature data at the ocean bottom up to 67.4 m on the continental shelf of the northern South China Sea. The water temperature is generally hot (cold) in the downslope (upslope) flow, but rapid temperature change is associated with the cross-slope flow intensity changes. Downslope, wandering, and upslope phases

Standing meanders are a key component of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) circulation system, and numerical studies have shown that these features may locally enhance subduction, upwelling, as well as lateral and vertical tracer transport. Yet, observational data from these regions remain sparse. Here, we present results based on measurements made by a group of autonomous platforms sampling

Intraseasonal variability (ISV) of the upper 500 m circulation in the southern Bay of Bengal (SBOB) is investigated by using mooring observations and analyzing model outputs. An enhanced ISV is found in the upper 500 m currents during summer 2016. In summer 2016, a boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) propagated northward in tropical Indian Ocean. The intraseasonal easterly anomaly associated

The surface waters of the Arctic Ocean include an important inventory of freshwater from rivers, sea ice melt, and glacial meltwaters. While some inputs are mixed into the surface ocean, cryospheric reservoirs such as snow, sea ice, and melt ponds act as incubators for trace metals, as well as a potential source to the surface ocean upon melting. The availability and reactivity of these metals depends

This study assesses the capability of 12 models in the Phase 6 of the Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) in simulating the Southeast Indian Subantarctic mode water (SEISAMW) by comparing to Argo observations. The results show that all of the analyzed CMIP6 coupled models can reproduce the SEISAMW and its seasonal cycle, albeit with discrepancies of formation region and properties among

Ice/snow melt onset (MO) is a critical timing for ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic. For 1979-1998, the MO in the East Siberian Sea (ESS) occurred earlier than in the Laptev Sea (LS) for 12 of 20 years. However, for 1999-2018, the LS experienced significantly earlier MO than the ESS for 8 of 20 years. We referred to this phenomenon as the MO Seesaw (MOS), and quantified it by the MO difference

Ice/snow melt onset (MO) is a critical timing for ice-albedo positive feedback in the Arctic. For 1979-1998, the MO in the East Siberian Sea (ESS) occurred earlier than in the Laptev Sea (LS) for 12 of 20 years. However, for 1999-2018, the LS experienced significantly earlier MO than the ESS for 8 of 20 years. We referred to this phenomenon as the MO Seesaw (MOS), and quantified it by the MO difference

Turbulence or turbulence-like phenomena are ubiquitous in nature, often showing a power-law behavior of the fluctuations in either spatial or temporal domains. This power-law behavior is due to interactions among different scales of motion, and to the absence of characteristic scale. In this work, we consider the multiscale dynamics of China France Oceanography SATellite (CFOSAT) data as atmospheric

The Eastern Boundary Current is an essential part of the water mass exchange between the subtropical and subpolar North Atlantic. Here, we study the offshore branch of the European Shelf Current (ESC) over the Goban Spur slope area off Ireland. Our analysis is based on current measurements obtained from a multi-year mooring effort, complemented by ship-board observations along a hydrographic section

Circulation in the nearshore region, which is critical for material transport along the coast and between the surf zone and the inner shelf, includes strong vortical motions. The horizontal length scales and vertical structure associated with vortical motions are not well documented on alongshore-variable beaches. Here, a three-dimensional phase-resolving numerical model, Simulating WAves till SHore

Quantifying and characterizing suspended sediment is essential to successful monitoring and management of estuaries and coastal environments. To quantify suspended sediment, optical and acoustic backscatter instruments are often used. Optical backscatter systems are more sensitive to mud particles (<63 μm) and flocs, whereas acoustic backscatter systems are more responsive to larger sand grains (>63 μm)

The southern branch of the South Equatorial Current (SSEC) is the northern limit of the South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. When this current reaches Brazil around 14°S it bifurcates into a southward flow as the Brazil Current (BC) and the surface portion of the northward flowing North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC). The SSEC system is a key component of the western boundary supply, influencing the NBUC/BC

The rate of turbulent kinetic energy dissipation and diapycnal diffusivity are estimated along 10 hydrographic sections across the Indian Ocean from a depth of 500 m to the seabed. Six sections were occupied twice. On the meridional section, which is nominally along 95°E, spatial patterns were observed to persist throughout the three occupations. Since the variability in diffusivity exceeds the variability

Coherent vortices in the aqueous surface layer beneath wind waves manifest themselves by inducing elongated high-speed streaks on the interface. Analyses of thermal images taken in the wind-wave flume reveal that the mean streak spacing scaled by the viscous length, , depends strongly on the wind-wave condition. This contradicts the wall-bounded turbulent flow in which the scaled mean streak spacing

Intraseasonal variability in the Kuroshio east of Taiwan was studied using moored observations at 23°N, 122°E from November 17, 2014 to September 5, 2015, high-resolution ocean model data, and altimetry data. It is found for the first time that the observed meridional velocity has a peak signal at 50–60 days with a significant maximum variation at 200–600 m depth. Model outputs show that the 50–60-day

Southern Ocean waters enter the South Atlantic Ocean through the Scotia Sea along pathways constrained by the bathymetry of the northern Scotia Sea passages. We use the Argo profiling-float data set to calculate the water transports in and out of the region, focusing on the water balances down to the deepest isoneutral sampled in all passages (γn = 28.0 kg m−3, located between about 500 and 2,000 m

Algal blooms dominated by the raphidophyte Chattonella spp. and diatom Skeletonema spp. are a regular summer-time phenomenon in the Ariake Sea (Japan). Given its high-temporal frequency, the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) affords us the extraordinary ability to investigate short-temporal scale dynamic of these blooms. Here we present a bloom detection method and classification criteria named

The existence of a deep countercurrent in the subtropical northwest Pacific, named Subtropical Deep Countercurrent (STDCC), has been revealed by moored current-meter data obtained from a buoy system (∼21.6°N, ∼132.8°E) during 4 years (2010–2014). The climatological average of Argo-based absolute geostrophic velocities and ocean reanalyzes have further confirmed the spatial picture of the eastward-flowing

The Pacific Arctic region is characterized by seasonal sea-ice, the spatial extent and duration of which varies considerably. In this region, diatoms are the dominant phytoplankton group during spring and summer. To facilitate survival during periods that are less favorable for growth, many diatom species produce resting stages that settle to the seafloor and can serve as a potential inoculum for subsequent