Loop Current Eddies (LCEs) are warm-core, anticyclonic rings that shed from the Loop Current and migrate westward providing kinetic and potential energy to the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Typically, LCEs dissipate through interaction with the western shelf slope, other mesoscale eddies, and diapycnal mixing. Here, we explore a case where a LCE, Eddy Poseidon, encountered Hurricane Harvey in the northwest

We investigated the vertical and horizontal variation of the sound speed using the Thermodynamic Equation Of Seawater-2010 (TEOS-10) and monthly CTD observations at Cochin estuary and adjacent coastal waters (inlet to 20 km offshore) during 2018. The results showed that the sound speed varied from 1500 m/s in the Cochin inlet to 1549 m/s offshore. The seasonally changing river influx to the shelf resulted

The quality of wave measurements is of primary importance for the validation of wave forecasting models, satellite wave calibration and validation, wave physics, offshore operations and design and climate monitoring. Validation of global wave forecasts revealed significant regional differences, which were linked to the different wave buoy systems used by different countries. To fully understand the

The predominance of swells or wind-seas at a location can be inferred from the spectral peak wave period (Tp). The present study examines the climatology of Tp and its variability in the Bay of Bengal (BoB) during the last 40 years based on reanalysis data. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Sri Lanka significantly alter the spatial distribution of Tp in the BoB. Spatial variation in Tp was less than

Coastal waters are globally challenging areas to monitor not only because of the high resolution needed to resolve the scales at stake but also because most satellites are not yet suited to near-coast observations. We present here the analysis of an 8-year-long high-frequency RADAR (HFR) dataset off the coasts of Var region (France) in the North-Western Mediterranean Sea. Successive interruptions and

A detailed analysis of how the wave climate gradually varies from the Atlantic coast to the Rio de la Plata (RDP) estuary coast of Uruguay is undertaken, exploiting a recently developed high-resolution wave hindcast. As a better knowledge and understanding of the wave climate along the coast is a valuable tool for coastal scientist and managers for analyzing and interpreting its dynamics, a comprehensive

Herein, tidal current and associated nonlinear currents were measured using nine coastal acoustic tomography (CAT) systems surrounding the tomography domain in Xiangshan Bay from 12:00 on December 10 to 12:00 on December 11, 2019 (local time, UTC+8). The distributions of M2 and M4 tidal currents, which were dominant in the bay, were reconstructed by the coast-fitting method (CFM) using the differential

Costa Rica has been affected by several local and distant tsunamis in the past, but the historical information is scarce and incomplete. Its Pacific coast stretches for over a thousand kilometers, and tsunami hazard has never been evaluated for its full extent. Numerical modeling of tsunami propagation and inundation is a useful tool to assess tsunami hazard, particularly in cases with limited historical

Third-generation models employ a host of parameterization schemes to consider the input wind forcing and the wave energy dissipation under different physical settings and environmental conditions. To evaluate the performance of such models in large-scale enclosed water bodies, WAVEWATCH-III model has been employed for the Caspian Sea which is a land-locked water body, located in the north of Iran.

An intra-measurement evaluation was undertaken, deploying a NOMAD buoy equipped with three National Data Buoy Center and two Environment and Climate Change Canada-AXYS sensor/payload packages off Monterey, California; a Datawell Directional Waverider buoy was deployed within 19 km of the NOMAD site. The six independent wave measurement systems reported hourly estimates of the frequency spectra, and

Coastal communities around the Caribbean Sea are vulnerable to global warming impacts, partly because of constraints on their adaptive capacity. We use three climate models provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) under two representative concentration pathways scenario (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) to assess the trends and spatial behavior of six atmospheric and ocean variables

A Correction to this paper has been published: https:doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01463-y

In this paper, we show that over the next few decades, the natural variability of mid-latitude storm systems is likely to be a more important driver of coastal extreme sea levels than either mean sea level rise or climatically induced changes to storminess. Due to their episodic nature, the variability of local sea level response, and our short observational record, understanding the natural variability

The circulation in the northern South China Sea (SCS) strongly responds to anticyclonic eddies that shed from the Kuroshio intruding across Luzon Strait. An eddy tracking algorithm was applied to 26 years of altimetry data to better quantify the surface characteristics of eddies in and near the Luzon Strait with an emphasis on eddies with significant westward propagation across the northern SCS. Spatial

Long-term arrays of satellite optical measurements of Landsat-5,7,8 and Sentinel-2 were used to describe the characteristics of submesoscale eddy (SE) dynamics in different parts of the Crimean coast: their geometric and kinematic characteristics, the main sites and mechanisms of formation, and impact on the redistribution of suspended matter. The dynamic characteristics of SE were computed on the

Currents in the Baltic Sea are generally weak, but during strong winds they can grow high enough to affect the surface wave propagation and evolution. To evaluate the significance of wave-current interactions in the Baltic Sea, we conducted a study using the wave model WAM, comparing a run without surface currents to one with current forcing from a NEMO hydrodynamical model simulation. The overall

Since the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami and particularly after the 2011 Tohuku tsunami, there has been a significant increase of computer simulation using real-time data; however, there are evidences of failures in pre-disaster preparedness. The scientific challenges to mitigate tsunami hazards rely heavily on understanding the hydrodynamics of the motion. The problem with tsunami is that it grows beyond

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01459-8

The Eastern Kamchatka Current (EKC) is the western boundary current of the North Pacific subpolar gyre. Southeast of the Kamchatka Peninsula lies a large anticyclonic eddy, the Kamchatka Eddy (KE). This eddy is quasi-stationary. More generally, the oceanic region east of the EKC contains many eddies, several of them large and long lasting. Using surface currents derived from altimetry, particle tracking

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01446-z

The coexistence of multiple wave systems generated locally and by remote storms is common in the ocean and its quantification is required in the design of marine facilities. This study identifies the multimodal sea states at six locations in the shelf seas of India based on partitioned wave output data from numerical model WAVEWATCH-III for 26 years (1990 to 2015). The different systems are identified

This paper describes a series of hindcast simulations of 17 tropical cyclones over the northwest shelf region of Australia. Tropical cyclone track and vortex details were obtained from the Bureau of Meteorology “Best Track” database. Wind fields were simulated using a dynamic boundary layer model referred to as the Kepert-Wang model. Surface wind and pressure fields were blended with background fields

We used historical CTD observations and Argo data to obtain the characteristics of the Kamchatka Current halocline and its eddies. Kamchatka Current eddies have a cold low salinity core in contrast with Aleutian eddies that contain warm and saline waters of Alaskan Stream origin. The Kamchatka Current eddies are smaller with diameter of ~ 100–120 km. Kamchatka Current eddies have a thick cold layer

This study addresses the air–sea interaction processes and mixed layer variability, which cause the intraseasonal oscillations in the sea surface temperature (SST) during January 2013–December 2014 using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). We have analyzed the SST variability at three locations—northern Bay of Bengal (BoB)/15°N, 90°E (R15), central BoB/12°N, 90°E (R12), and equatorial Indian

This study modeled Stokes drift in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Arctic Ocean using WAVEWATCH III. Applying two viscoelastic and one empirical frequency-dependent wave–ice models, modeled wave parameters and spectra were compared with field observations from the Beaufort–Chukchi Sea. The three wave–ice parameterizations showed similar ability in reproducing the surface Stokes drift estimated using

Wind dominates the ocean surface circulation in the subtropical coastal upwelling regions. Although the wind events in these regions are mostly favorable for upwelling, other types of wind events are occasionally dominant. The typical patterns and statistics of wind events over the waters off northern Baja California are described. The identification of wind events was carried out using a systematic

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-021-01450-3

The nonlinear effect of the summer southeast wind and density on the 3D structures of the full Lagrangian residual velocity (LRV) was quantified for a ge/The surface boundary condition can be expressed as shown in nerally nonlinear system, using Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), China as the test site. In the tidally energetic JZB, the basic patterns of the wind- and density-driven full LRVs were found to be consistent

Seasonal variability of the upper ocean on meso- and submesoscales is investigated in the framework of the quasi-normal scale elimination theory, or QNSE. The longitudinal and transverse velocity spectra in this theory have a bi-component structure comprised of the Coriolis and Kolmogorov-like branches that are identified with meso- and submesoscales, respectively. For the former, spectral amplitudes

The input of mechanical power to the ocean due to the surface wind stress, in regions which correspond to different regimes of ocean dynamics, is considered using data from satellites observations. Its dependence on the coarse-graining range of the atmospheric and oceanic velocity in space from 0.5 to 10∘ and time from 6 h to 40 days is determined. In the area of the Gulf Stream and the Kuroshio extensions

Lagrangian particle tracking, based on currents derived from hydrodynamic models, is an important tool in quantifying bio-physical transports in the ocean. Particle tracking in the unstructured grids typically used in coastal regions is computationally slow, limiting the number of particles and ranges of behaviours that can be modeled. Techniques used in a new offline particle tracker “OceanTracker”

The Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge (SCTR) is a key region which plays a major role in various regional climatic processes at all time scales. The vertical mixing at the base of mixed layer may be climatically important at this region, where a shallow thermocline and highly variable wind activity exists. In this study, we provide evidence of strong vertical mixing at the base of mixed layer and

Using observational temperature profiles, this study reveals that eddy-induced oceanic vertical temperature anomalies are geographically varying in the South China Sea (SCS). The maximum anomalies are more intensified in the central and south SCS. Due to ocean stratification, the eddy available potential energy (EAPE) can more comprehensively reflect the eddy effect on the ocean vertical structure

Coastal reclamation projects have been extensively constructed along the coastline of the East China Sea over the past decades. To investigate the impact of reclamations on the Rui’an coastal zone, regional tidal and sediment dynamics were studied by combining field data and numerical modeling. Field data of tidal elevation and currents, suspended sediment concentration (SSC), and bottom erosion were

As part of the Copernicus Marine Service, WAVERYS is the multi-year wave reanalysis that provides global wave data with a fine grid resolution of 1/5°. This wave reanalysis covers the period 1993–2019 and disseminates 3-h integrated wave parameters describing the sea state at the ocean surface. The wave model used is the version 4 of the model MFWAM, which is driven by sea ice fraction and wind provided

The paper describes the attempt to develop the accelerated method of simulation of 2-D surface waves with a use of 2-D model derived by simplifications of 3-D equations for potential periodic deep-water waves. The derivation is based on separation of velocity potential in surface-fitted coordinates into linear and non-linear components and analysis of exact Poisson equation for non-linear component

Dispersion of a passive tracer by water waves is of significant importance for many scientific and technological problems including bio-diversity of marine life, ecological impact of anthropogenic incidents, planning of rescue operation and global oceanic transport. Formally, turbulent dispersion of a passive tracer by surface waves is a Brownian motion caused by a prescribed noise, viz., random fluctuations

DIVAnd (Data-Interpolating Variational Analysis, in n-dimensions) is a tool to interpolate observations on a regular grid using the variational inverse method. We have extended DIVAnd to include additional dynamic constraints relevant to surface currents, including imposing a zero normal velocity at the coastline, imposing a low horizontal divergence of the surface currents, temporal coherence and

Several years of surface wave observations in the Chukchi Sea reveal wave groups are a common feature in open water and ice-covered conditions. The strength of the groupiness, here characterized by the group factor, is well correlated with the characteristic wave steepness, the spectral bandwidth, and the Benjamin-Feir Index. The general finding is enhanced groupiness in ice. However, the trends with

South of the Vitória-Trindade Ridge, a seamount chain off East Brazil, the Brazil Current (BC) meanders cyclonically within Tubarão Bight, occasionally forming the Vitória Eddy. It was recently found that the Intermediate Western Boundary Current (IWBC), which flows equatorward below the BC, cyclonically recirculate within Tubarão Bight. We present an analysis of AVISO observations that suggest that

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-020-01434-9

The sea surface velocity measurements obtained during the period of 2014–2016 using two high-frequency radars (HFR), which were installed on the northern coast of Vietnam, were reprocessed by using a variational approach (EOF/2dVar) to provide an extended dataset. The high temporal resolution of measurements and large spatial coverage of the radar data enabled the assessment of the surface circulation

Various uncertainties exist in a hindcast due to the inabilities of numerical models to resolve all the complicated atmosphere-sea interactions, and the lack of certain ground truth observations. Here, a comprehensive analysis of an atmospheric model performance in hindcast mode (Hurricane Weather and Research Forecasting model—HWRF) and its 40 ensembles during severe events is conducted, evaluating

Fronts in coastal oceans are important mesoscale processes that relate to regional dynamics and can impact ecosystems. The daily distribution of a sea surface temperature (SST) front is obtained in the East China Sea (ECS) using 15 years of satellite observations. High frontal activities are mainly found near the coast. The spatial and temporal variability of the monthly frontal probability is subsequently

We present research on the excitation of ocean surface wind waves in non-homogeneous situations, for the case of a deep water strait in the presence of a constant wind, blowing perpendicular to the coast line. The statistical wave model used is based on the Hasselmann equation with high-wavenumbers wave-breaking dissipation, exact non-linear four-wave interaction, and ZRP (Zakharov-Resio-Pushkarev

The three-dimensional transport of sediments released by the main rivers in the Colombian Caribbean basin is investigated using numerical model simulations. Different types of sediments (fine sands, very fine sands and coarse silts) were tracked by implementing SedimentDrift software, a subclass of the OpenDrift open-source trajectory framework. The simulations were forced with climatological winds

The Bohai Sea is a large, semi-enclosed bay of China with a transport timescale of more than 1 year. Residence time (RT) is an important indicator used to determine the water exchange rate of coastal oceans, and it has a significant influence on coastal ecosystems and the environment. In this study, the RT and its seasonal variability within the Bohai Sea were investigated using a 3-D hydrodynamic

Response of Ganga-Brahmaputra river plume to wind forcing in the Bay of Bengal is studied using a numerical ocean circulation model. Four different wind forcing scenarios, namely, winds over the entire model domain, no winds anywhere over the model domain, winds over Equatorial Indian Ocean only and winds over Bay of Bengal only, are considered. Model simulations are carried out in an idealized setting

The global tide is simulated with the global ocean general circulation model ICON-O using a newly developed tidal module, which computes the full tidal potential. The simulated coastal M2 amplitudes, derived by a discrete Fourier transformation of the output sea level time series, are compared with the according values derived from satellite altimetry (TPXO-8 atlas). The experiments are repeated with

The mutual feedback between the swash zone and the surf zone is known to affect large-scale morphodynamic processes such as breaker bar migration on sandy beaches. To fully resolve this feedback in a process-based manner, the morphodynamics in the swash zone and due to swash-swash interactions must be explicitly solved, e.g., by means of a wave-resolving numerical model. Currently, few existing models

Wind-generated ocean waves are key inputs for several studies and applications, both near the coast (coastal vulnerability assessment, coastal structures design, harbor operativity) and off-shore (a.o. oil and gas production, ship routes, and navigation safety). As such, the evaluation of trends in future wave climate is fundamental for the development of efficient policies in the framework of climate

Wave field data are affected not only by the accuracy of instruments recording them but also by sampling variability, an uncertainty due to the limited number of observations. For stationary meteorological conditions, due to the randomness of the sea surface elevation, wave parameters derived from a temporal or spatial wave record will depend on which part of a wave record is used in an analysis as

The plumes from the rivers of the South Brazilian Bight (SBB) and South Brazil (SB) were studied using a realistic model configuration. River plume variability on continental shelves is driven by the input of river runoff into the shelf, by wind variability, and also by ambient currents and its seasonal variability, especially the Brazil Current, which are realistically modelled in this study. It is

Most of the studies on extreme waves are focused on the systems with single-peak wave spectra. However, according to the statistics of occurrence, the bimodal spectral system is also frequent in real sea conditions. In order to summarize the statistics of extreme waves, irregular wave trains under single-peak and bimodal spectra for long durations are simulated in this paper, based on a two-dimensional

Sea ice on the Southern Ocean has large seasonal variations. Floe size distribution has an important influence on the dynamic and thermodynamic processes of sea ice in the region with large seasonal variation and the Marginal Ice Zone. In the work, we introduced a prognostic floe size distribution (FSD) into a sea ice model and improved the calculation of lateral melt of sea ice. On this basis, we

The surface enthalpy fluxes (latent and sensible heat fluxes) provide the necessary energy to intensify tropical cyclones (TCs). The surface momentum fluxes modify the intensity of TCs. Various parameters affect the surface fluxes. Drag and enthalpy exchange coefficients are known as parameters that lead to ambiguity in the surface fluxes. Thus, for simulating a TC, various drag and enthalpy exchange

The role of the Coriolis effect in the initial formation of bottom patterns in a tidal channel is studied by means of a linear stability analysis. The key finding is that the mechanism generating oblique tidal sand ridges on the continental shelf is also present in confined tidal channels. As a result, the Coriolis effect causes the fastest growing pattern to be a combination of tidal bars and oblique

Cold water anomalies were found in the middle layer in the northern Taiwan Strait in the spring of 2015. The cold water was located at a depth of approximately 10–20 m, with warm water situated both above and below this cold water layer. This study investigated this phenomenon using a three-dimensional operational ocean model, in which the sea-surface net heat flux was justified by nudging the appropriate