This study explores the causes of a severe thunderstorm outbreak north of 70°N on 24–25 July 2014 and provides the first characterization of lightning over the Canadian Arctic Islands. Lightning data were obtained from the Global Lightning Dataset (GLD360) network. Convective available potential energy calculated using representative soundings and surface conditions indicated high instability that

Although it is an important branch of the global overturning circulation, the deep western boundary current (DWBC) in the Pacific was poorly understood because of sparse observations. Six state-of-the-art global ocean model outputs were used herein to evaluate their performance in simulating the DWBC in the Melanesian Basin (MB) and the Central Pacific Basin (CPB). These model outputs were compared

The quality of ensemble forecasts is significantly affected by sample quality. In this paper, the influence of sample quality on simulation results is analyzed by optimizing the distribution of ensemble members. As part of our research, simulated and observed tracks are compared; samples with smaller track errors are retained, and samples with larger track errors are eliminated in order to improve

Topographic features, stratification, and barotropic tidal currents are three factors that determine internal tide (IT) generation. However, the mechanism of the impacts of stratification variation on IT generation in Luzon Strait (LS) has not been extensively explored. A three-dimensional high-resolution model is used to simulate the M2 ITs in the northern South China Sea (SCS) under different stratification

This study modelled physical and biological changes in the Bay of Bengal, the Arabian Sea, and the exclusive economic zone around Sri Lanka by examining the relationships between sea surface temperature (SST) and a range of biological and physical variables allowing prediction of the changes in the variables studied with changing temperature. Datasets were extracted from satellite data from 2003 to

The Strait of Georgia, British Columbia, Canada, is an important ocean region in which wave and weather conditions can vary rapidly in time and space because of the complex mountain topography that surrounds it. Here we analyze existing observational data and a newly developed near real-time numerical wave model, forced by modelled local winds and ocean currents, to characterize the surface wave conditions

Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project 2 daily reanalysis datasets, the present study reveals that an upper tropospheric vertical thermal contrast (VTC) exists between pressure levels at 100 and 250 hPa over the Mediterranean region (MR) during the midsummer monsoon. An increase and decrease in the tropospheric temperature

This study investigates the possible reasons for the cold events over central and eastern China (CEC) in early 2008 and 2016. The Arctic is dramatically warming, in particular over the Barents–Kara Seas region and notable cold events were observed over CEC although La Niña and El Niño events occurred in early 2008 and 2016, respectively. At the same time, the westerlies decelerated at middle latitudes

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays an important role in pre-flood season (PFS) precipitation over South China. In this work, the analysis of observational and reanalysis data shows that PFS precipitation is closely related to the onset time of El Niño events. The PFS precipitation tended to be higher (lower) than normal for spring (summer) El Niño events during the 1979–2016 period. Our

ABSTRACT This study presents the development of a new dataset of homogenized temperature for use in trend analysis and monitoring climate change in Canada. This dataset contains daily data for 780 locations across the country: 508 locations with an active station (current observations) and long record (starting prior to 1990); 53 locations with an active station and short record (starting after 1990);

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) plays an important role in pre-flood season (PFS) precipitation over South China. In this work, the analysis of observational and reanalysis data shows that PFS precipitation is closely related to the onset time of El Niño events. The PFS precipitation tended to be higher (lower) than normal for spring (summer) El Niño events during the 1979–2016 period. Our

This study investigates the possible reasons for the cold events over central and eastern China (CEC) in early 2008 and 2016. The Arctic is dramatically warming, in particular over the Barents–Kara Seas region and notable cold events were observed over CEC although La Niña and El Niño events occurred in early 2008 and 2016, respectively. At the same time, the westerlies decelerated at middle latitudes

Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project 2 daily reanalysis datasets, the present study reveals that an upper tropospheric vertical thermal contrast (VTC) exists between pressure levels at 100 and 250 hPa over the Mediterranean region (MR) during the midsummer monsoon. An increase and decrease in the tropospheric temperature

A three-dimensional regional circulation model is used to investigate the internal M2 tide structure in the Strait of Canso located in eastern Nova Scotia, Canada. The embayment, an active shipping port, was found to have M2 baroclinic velocities occasionally reaching 0.15 m s−1 and typically faster than the barotropic tide. An internal tide spatial structure develops, characterized by the first vertical

In the present work, sensitivity experiments for two parameter schemes are conducted using the Regional Climate Model System, version 4.6, to improve the model capability for reproducing rainfall over the Maritime Continent (MC). One parameter is the warm cloud auto-conversion threshold in the Emanuel convective scheme, and the other parameter is the relative humidity threshold of cloudiness in the

The interannual variability of the summertime Northwest Pacific (NWP) subtropical anticyclone (NWPSA) has been widely investigated for its important role in the variability and predictability of the East Asian summer monsoon. A preceding El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event influences the NWPSA by anchoring ocean memory in the North Indian Ocean, NWP region, etc. This study reveals a discontinuity

Based on the daily Japanese 55-year Reanalysis data, the characteristics of the summer (June–July–August) quasi-biweekly oscillation (QBWO) of atmospheric apparent heat sources over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding areas (TPSR) are investigated. The first three leading modes of the atmospheric intraseasonal heat source over the TPSR reflect two independent propagation features of the QBWO

Cyclone Nilofar was the third-strongest cyclone in the Arabian Sea. It was a category 4 cyclone that arrived in last week of October 2014. It lingered in the Arabian Sea for 10 days and caused a significant phytoplankton bloom that was detected by satellite observation. In this study, the authors investigated the ocean biological and physical responses to cyclone Nilofar using chlorophyll a (chl a)

Urban areas are large sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere. Measurements of atmospheric GHGs in urban areas provide information on these emissions, which can complement bottom-up estimates. Here, we present an Open-Path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopy system for GHG monitoring in Toronto, Canada. We describe the installation of the OP-FTIR and retrieval of CO2, CO

The developmental stages of Sargassum along with physicochemical factors affect the Sargassum biomass and, thus, affect the size of the habitat used by various fauna and flora. In this study, Sargassum spp. were collected from four stations in Kuwait coastal waters that are mainly distinguished by their levels of turbidity. Investigations revealed that the effects of season (i.e., temperature and sunlight)

The impact of climate change is often demonstrated by rainfall and its attributes. Consequently, this study analyzes rainfall concentration, temporal trends, and rates of change in the savannah zones of Nigeria. Rainfall data were acquired from the archives of the Environmental Management Programme, Federal University of Technology, Minna, for 13 synoptic stations at annual, seasonal, and monthly time