A dense bloom of Protoperidinium steinii was observed in the backwaters adjoining the western Bay of Bengal, Kalpakkam coast, which might be the first report for the world oceans. The brownish-red bloom appeared on 2 October 2019, and it was monitored on alternate days up to 14 October. Surface water temperature was about 27.5°C and salinity was <17 PSU during the bloom. Dissolved inorganic nutrients

Traditionally, upwelling-related studies in the Baltic Sea have been limited to the period from May to September. Based on wintertime in situ measurements at two nearshore locations in the Gulf of Finland, clear evidence of winter “warm” upwelling events was detected and analysed. The process was very common. At a 10 m deep location, upwelling caused water temperature (T) to switch from 0–1 to 4–5°C

In this study, Baltic Sea sediments, as a source of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), ammonium (NH4+), and phosphates (PO43−), were investigated based on samples obtained in 2017 and 2018, shortly after a sequence of inflows from the North Sea that occurred between 2014and 2017. Two different data sets (I and II) were used to assess benthic diffusive fluxes and thus

Based on a monthly field sampling over a year in the Kochi backwaters (KBW), this study presents the larval ecology of black clam and discusses how an extensive saltwater barrage [Thannermukkom barrage (TB)] impacted the natural black clam resource distribution. Spatial variations in salinity were found minimal during the Southwest Monsoon (June–September) due to the predominance of the freshwater

This note presents a method of how the bed shear stress caused by breaking random waves on slopes can be estimated. This is obtained by adopting the Sumer et al. (2013) bed shear stress formula due to spilling and plunging breaking waves on hydraulically smooth slopes combined with the Myrhaug and Fouques (2012) joint distribution of surf similarity parameter and wave height for individual random waves

This study aims to estimate, with a climatology perspective, the average seasonal pattern of phytoplankton biomass (SP-PBavg) and its distribution in Bahia Magdalena (Mexico) as a baseline to evaluate PB changes in future studies. This lagoon is in a semi-arid region, lacks river discharges, and channels with vegetation are limited at the north and south zones. SP-PBavg was estimated with chlorophyll-a

In the Colorado River Delta, the interaction of tidal currents and sea-bottom sediment formed, in geological times, large-scale seabed patterns known as sandbanks. These patterns are oriented along the delta, almost parallel to the dominant tidal flow, with the bathymetry having an undulating character across the delta. Calculations and analysis showed that the interaction of tidal currents with the

The majority of the southern Baltic Sea seabed encompasses homogenous soft-bottom sediments of limited productivity and low biological diversity, but shallow productive areas in the coastal zone such as wetlands, vegetated lagoons and sheltered bays show a high variety of benthic habitat types offering favourable biotopic conditions for benthic fauna. Within Polish marine areas, semi-enclosed Puck

Investigation results of a coarse and accumulation mode of aerosol properties above the Baltic Sea are reported. A most important role in the direct aerosol effect on climate have aerosols from the group of coarse and accumulation mode particles. Overseas in the atmosphere, there is a lot of aerosols from the fine fraction but their impact is not so important as coarse and accumulation mode particles

The shallow coastal water zone of the tide-less southern Baltic Sea is dominated by exposed sandy sediments which are typically inhabited by microphytobenthic communities, but their primary production is poorly studied, and hence four stations between 3.0 and 6.2 m depth were investigated. Sediment cores were carefully taken to keep the natural layering and exposed in a controlled self-constructed

The response of phytoplankton community to the co-existing events of coastal upwelling and mud banks in the nearshore waters of Alappuzha (15 m depth), located in the southwest coast of India from April to November 2016, is described based on size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a), primary production and community composition. The study region exhibited well-distinct spatio-temporal

Measurement of pCO2 in highly dynamic coastal zones such as the southern Baltic Sea presents many challenges. In this study, we designed a system to measure pCO2 and then validated it in a series of laboratory and seagoing tests. The fast response time of the system was shown to provide a better resolution of CO2 system gradients. In the open waters of the Baltic Sea, the accuracy of the pCO2 measurements

Mesoscale warm-core eddies are common in the Bay of Bengal (BoB), and this study in the western BoB during Pre-Southwest Monsoon (April 2015) presents how a prolonged warm-core core eddy could modify the microplankton biomass and size structure. To investigate this, field sampling and laboratory analyses were augmented with satellite data sets of sea surface temperature (SST), winds, mean sea level

In situ measurements of physical and biogeochemical variables were conducted along a transect in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of Qatar during late summer (September 2014) and winter (January 2015) to investigate their vertical, spatial and temporal variability. The study reveals that the water column is characterized by strong stratification during late summer in the deepest station, where the

Forecasting the coastal zone development under possible climatic changes and technogenic impact is an extremely important task. This forecasting is based on our understanding of the mechanism of the hydrodynamic processes impact on the coastal zone. The goal of this work is to describe the hydrodynamic conditions (currents, sea level, surface waves) of coastal waters and to assess the influence of

Simulating hurricane-generated waves is a challenging task due to rapidly fluctuating wind speed and direction, simultaneous presence of swells propagating out of the previous location of the hurricane and following/opposing waves on either side of the hurricane track, and dissipation in wind speed radially from the center of the hurricane. Bulk wave parameters have been investigated using the source

The preservation status of the mollusc shell accumulation of sandy barriers at the Amvrakikos Gulf lagoon complex was studied. Taphonomic shell analysis of dead mollusc depositions was undertaken in the summer of 2016 at Amvrakikos lagoon complex within the Tsoukalio and Logarou sandy barriers, which showed significant differences among the major abundant bivalve species of Cerastoderma glaucum and

Water exchange between the deep basins of the Baltic Sea during stagnation periods ventilates the bottom layer. Such exchange may be local and associated with the seabed topography features. The aim of this study is to investigate the possible pathway of water exchange within the Gdańsk-Gotland Sill. A comprehensive study was conducted near the one of the local erosional trenches (depressions), comprising

Changes in phytoplankton communities due to anthropogenic nutrient load and climate change often lead to eutrophication and harmful algal blooms that can affect biogeochemical cycling. However, little is known about the specific responses of various species to environmental variables. 17-year long data on the midsummer phytoplankton biomass in the Neva Estuary were analyzed to show the changes in the

Coastal storms as extreme hydrometeorological events have severe impacts on the coasts and consequently affect the coastal communities, attracting considerable research interest nowadays. Attempting to understand the risk of these extreme events, a coastal storm analysis is accomplished by studying the parameters which define a coastal storm and their properties, such as the wave height, the wave period

The present study investigates the influence of seasonal dynamics on macrobenthic assemblages in four seasons of 2017–2018 from the central sector of Indian Sundarbans which is under the constant threat of climate change. Besides taxonomic analysis, a trait-based approach has also been applied to assess the change in their ecosystem functioning. The maximum species density (11675 ± 11883.31 ind. m−2)

This study presents how human-altered hydrographical settings (flow restrictions) impacts the natural distribution and community structure of copepods in the Kochi Backwaters (KBW), the largest monsoonal estuary along the southwest coast of India. This study is primarily based on an extensive seasonal sampling in the KBW and their comparison with a historical data set. Thannermukkom Barrage (TB) was

Climate change is a major threat to mangrove ecosystems worldwide but particularly those in arid regions that exist near the limit of tolerance to extremes in temperature, precipitation, and salinity. Here we examine Persian Gulf arid mangrove ecosystems from the Nayband and Mond Protected Area in the south-west region of Iran to determine the ability of tidal mangrove forests to respond to rapid urban

The aim of the study was to assess the suitability of a plankton net (diameter of 60 cm, mesh size of 500 µm) and a column sampler (length of 200 cm, diameter of 5 cm) for estimating the density of zooplankton predatory species (Neomysis integer, Leptodora kindtii, Cercopagis pengoi). Nocturnal sampling was performed once a month (May–November 2018) in the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic) in the range

We are motivated to study the exploitation of marine energy as a renewable resource because of society's ever-increasing energy demands, and a concomitant need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, climate-related variations in wave energy should be investigated in order to ensure the stability of its long-term availability. Here, we investigate the potential for wave energy in the Persian

The study presents long-term variability in satellite retrieved phytoplankton size classes (PSC) at two coastal sites, off Gopalpur and Visakhapatnam, in the north-western Bay of Bengal. The abundance-based models by Brewin et al. (2010) (B10) and Sahay et al. (2017) (S17), for retrieval of PSC (micro, nano, and picophytoplankton), from satellite data, were validated. Both the models performed well

The Indian marine environment supports employment for over 200 million people, including revenue of nearly $7 billion per annum. However, ecological goods and services of the shallow coast and the marine environment of the Indian peninsula are being affected by recurrent blooms of microalgae. One hundred and six published literature, starting from the first report in 1908 to 2017, were reviewed to

This study describes the phytoplankton community in sheltered euhaline waters of the Basque coast (southeastern Bay of Biscay). Phytoplankton composition, cell size, abundance, biomass and the presence of potentially toxic taxa, together with chlorophyll a, nutrients and hydrographic and optical conditions were measured, from August 2016 to August 2017, in the Mutriku port, with the main aim of assessing

Small pelagic fish such as sardine show strong recruitment variability often associated with environmental changes influencing the spawning process and ultimately, affecting population dynamics. Sardine (Sardina pilchardus, Walbaum 1792) is one of the most exploited pelagic species along the northwest African coast. The main spawning occurs during the cold season (autumn–winter). A time-series autumn–winter

Phytoplankton community structure was studied from 2002 to 2016 in the Vistula Lagoon (southern Baltic Sea) in the context of the 2010 shift in its population, as well as the reason for this shift and its environmental impact. This evident shift was indicated by Multidimensional Scaling at the Bray Curtis similarity level of 31%. Before 2010, the primary components of phytoplankton were Cyanobacteria

This paper discusses changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration (DOC) in the southern Baltic Sea. The oxygenation of the whole water column was estimated. Monthly mean DOCs, as well as a detailed description of the annual surface layer dissolved oxygen (DO) cycle, are presented. The DO cycle at the surface is characterized by two maxima in March/April and November, and by two minima in July/August

Under warming climates, heat waves (HWs) have occurred in increasing intensity in Europe. Also, public interest towards HWs has considerably increased over the last decades. The paper discusses the manifestations of the summer 2014 HW and simultaneously occurring coastal upwelling (CU) events in the Gulf of Finland. Caused by an anticyclonic weather pattern and persisting easterly winds, CUs evolved

Dredging entrance channels to ports on open littoral drift seashores often causes major morphological changes to the shoreline. This study aims to assess the impact of dredging the Port of Klaipėda's entrance channel and the construction of the jetties on the coastal zone. Based on an analysis of cartographic material collected between 1835 and 2017, and on field data (bathymetric surveys and cross-shore

This study investigated the temporal variability in the basic physical properties of deep and intermediate waters in the West Spitsbergen Current region at 76°30’N latitude from 1997 to 2016. Emphasis was placed on quantifying the changes in temperature and salinity and determining the potential drivers of these changes. Hydrographic data were obtained during annual summer cruises aboard the R/V Oceania

This work aims to familiarize the reader with issues related to modern oceanographic measurement techniques performed by Argo autonomous profiling floats. The opportunity for this is the three years of innovative activity on the part of Argo-Poland in the Baltic Sea. Based on the experience and results acquired by the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences (IO PAN), we can say that

In this paper, we discuss the first setup of a hydrodynamic model for the fjord-type estuary Kangerlussuaq, located in West Greenland. Having such a high-fidelity numerical model is important because it allows us to fill in the temporal and spatial gaps left by in situ data and it allows us to examine the response of the fjord to changes in ice sheet runoff. The numerical model is calibrated against

Tidal characteristics of the Gulf of Khambhat are described based on measured and modelled sea-level data. Data were recorded at three locations inside and two locations outside the Gulf with record lengths of 6–12 months to study the tidal propagation. A northward increase in tidal amplitude is noticed from Daman (eastern side) and Diu (western side) and attains maxima at Bhavnagar. A similar trend

This study presents the preliminary results of combining underwater acoustic ambient noise measurements with those of in-situ sea spray fluxes (SSF). Hydroacoustic measurements (in the frequency range 80 Hz –12.5 kHz) were made using an underwater noise recording system developed at the Institute of Oceanology of the Polish Academy of Sciences which was then deployed in the southern Baltic Sea. The

The study analyses for the first time the diet composition of grey seals inhabiting the Polish Baltic Sea coast. Samples of seal scat were collected in the Mewia Łacha Nature Reserve at the mouth of the Vistula River. Using genetic and osteological methods, the remains of organisms included in the grey seals diet were analysed for their taxonomy (families and species). Based on the analysis of 49 scat

Lignin oxidation products (vanillyl, syringil and cummaryl phenols), and δ13C were measured in a variety of land and marine samples collected in Inner Puck Bay – dominated by marine vascular plants, small river run-off, and shallow bottom, and in Gdańsk Bay – characterized by large river run-off, small marine vascular plants population, and the average depth exceeding euphotic zone. Both study areas

The aim of this study was to investigate the light transfer through sea ice with a focus on bio-optical substances both in fast ice and in the drift ice zones in the northern Baltic Sea. The measurements included snow and ice structure, spectral irradiance and photosynthetically active radiation below the sea ice. We also measured the concentrations of the three main bio-optical substances which are

This study reports the propagation dynamics of the Kara Sea surface desalinated layer (SDL) during the summer and autumn seasons. We analysed shipboard measurements data collected in 2013–2018 and MODIS ocean colour data that correlated with the shipboard ones. We formulated a comparatively strict criterion to determine the SDL border based on satellite data. For that, we analyzed the shipboard flow-through

In this study, we present an analysis of the hydrodynamic processes under ice cover in the largest lagoon in Europe – the Curonian Lagoon. By applying a finite element numerical modelling system (SHYFEM) and remote sensing ice cover data, the residual circulation, water fluxes through specific areas of the lagoon, saltwater intrusions, and water residence time (WRT) were investigated. The results,

The main focus of my research lies within the psychology of human development, especially in late adulthood. There are many reasons why psychologists are interested in climate change. One of the fathers of modern medicine, Hippocrates, proclaimed that the climate affects the mood (liquids) existing in the human body. I wrote an article about climate change and its relationship to the psychological

In this work, we show the results from two different types of approaches designed to map the Arctic (Polar) perception of young learners in Poland and Lithuania. The first case study is composed of both closed and open questions (Case Study 1), while the second one is a closed, multiple choice type of questionnaire (Case Study 2). We have questioned a total of 274 learners in Case Study 1 and 80 in

Post-modern societies are characterized by information-based functions that generate the anthropogenic stimuli (as opposed to the industrial society of energy processing and the traditional society whose activities are related to the production of natural crops). Hence, life in the information overload becomes a tiresome daily reality, from which only a very few may escape. These escapers might be

Zooplankton is an important bioindicator of ecosystem functioning. Knowledge of the seasonal fluctuation in the zooplankton population in estuarine waters of the Indian Sundarbans is rather limited. In the present study, we analysed the community structure of zooplankton assemblages and their spatio-temporal variations based on different multivariate statistics and indicator value analysis. A total

The article contributes to a better understanding of the role of research in the policies of the states that are scientifically engaged in the High North. The research covers 17 European states: six are Arctic and 11 non-Arctic, which were selected according to the following (at least one) formulated criteria: having an established tradition of carrying out scientific research in the Arctic region;

In this work, the author refers to the own research entitled "Citizens' participation in the creation and implementation of public policy. Electoral participation". The aim of this study was to analyze factors affecting civic participation in the form of participation in general elections. The study gave a reason to look more deeply into the formation of a pluralistic society in the age of climate

The authors provide hard evidence for a significant environmental impact of long-distance atmospheric pollution advection to the Arctic. Results from literature and of their research show that the atmospheric inflow of pollution to the Arctic has been increasing over the decades. The authors show evidence that biomass burning has a greater potential impact on radiative budget of the region than the

In contemporary visual culture, the subject of climate change and the need for commitment to counteract it (Demos, 2016, Körber et al., 2017, Tsing et al., 2017) are increasingly being addressed. The artists' observation concerns not only the natural effects of climate change but also their impact on the social and cultural heritage of the inhabitants of regions of the most endangered areas. Areas

In the last few years, the newly opened Czech Arctic Scientific Infrastructure in Svalbard – Josef Svoboda Station – has closely collaborated with UiT – The Arctic University of Norway on very productive research related to climate change and the impact of the sea and land ice disappearance. Professor Josef Elster, the Head of the Czech station and a researcher in the diversity, ecology and ecophysiology

Polar Research gained bigger than ever extent and support, both on the state-political and the wide public level. We want to start the discussion on how the public concern is formed, and what are the inspirations that drive researchers to choose this type of career. It seems that in the non-Arctic country like Poland the sentiment, associated with the historical polar events together with widely accessible

An academic degree gained in the field of social sciences also means more extensive knowledge of the surrounding world understood as the natural environment crucial in defining the position and development of humankind. Interpersonal communication, apart from the colloquialisms related to climate phenomena (weather), shows an evolving state of knowledge of the topic, changing attitudes, and possible

Future wide-swath altimetry missions will provide high-resolution information about ocean surface elevation, and facilitate the characterization of meso- and sub-mesoscale ocean activities. In this study, the demand analysis of three-dimensional (3D) oceanic state reconstruction on wide-swath SSH data features was evaluated using a data assimilation strategy. Three groups of experiments were performed

Noctiluca scintillans is an important member of the mesozooplankton in terms of biomass and production in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The densities and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents of N. scintillans cells were measured. Vertical profiles of N. scintillans cellular activity in the coastal water were determined and the ATP contents were high at middle layers, with a maximum depth of 10 m. ATP

This article is supplementary to Myrhaug (2018) and presents some probabilistic properties of the surf parameter for individual waves and the spectral surf parameter for sea states by using distributions based on data from the Norwegian continental shelf. The average statistical features given by the mean value and the standard deviation of the two surf parameters are considered. Examples of results

Atmospheric variables play a major role in sea level variations in the eastern central Red Sea, where the role of tides is limited to 20% or less. Extensive analysis of daily-averaged residual sea level and atmospheric variables (atmospheric pressure, air temperature, wind stress components, and evaporation rate) indicated that sea level variations in the eastern central Red Sea are mainly contributed

Rip currents, which are local seaward-directed jets with their mean velocity exceeding 0.5 m/s, have been a subject of many studies since the 1940s. They are an important part of the nearshore current system and in specific hydro- and litomorphological conditions can cause changes in the local bathymetry. Thus, a detailed analysis of the characteristics of this phenomenon is crucial both to public

Data from MERIS onboard Envisat and MODIS onboard Terra and Aqua for 15–16 May 2010 were used to study powerful imprints of atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) on the western part the Black Sea surface. Two cold fronts crossed the sea following the warm front and caused the AGWs which modulated the sea surface. Imprints of AGWs appeared as stripes of alternating brightness, they had crest length more