This study investigated the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, and perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) using ZnO coated activated carbon (ZnO/AC). Results suggested that the optimal dosage of the ZnO/AC was 0.8 g/L within 240 min of contact time, at which the maximum removal efficiency of COD was approximately 86.8%, while the removal

Palladium (Pd) is widely used in vehicle exhaust catalysts (VECs) to reduce toxic emissions from motor vehicles. The study aimed to quantitatively determine Pd content and water quality parameters, to analyze the variation differences and to explore the effect of water quality parameters on Pd content in the urban water environment system (wet deposition-rainfall runoff-receiving water body-estuary)

Municipal sludge disposal and recycle has become a prominent research theme. In this study, a sequential process for integral treatment of municipal sludge was primarily presented, combining acid leaching, anion exchange and aerobic composting. The aim of the process was to remove chromium (Cr) from the sludge and reuse the sludge as manure. Firstly, Cr was removed from municipal sludge via the acid

By providing the key carbon and nitrogen elements needed for eutrophication, the potential toxicity of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) prompts the exploration of effective treatment methods to minimize the amount of EDTA released into the environment. In this study, Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared and used as catalysts to study the mineralization of EDTA in Fenton-like reactions

This paper presents a methodology based on Bayesian networks (BN) to prioritize and select the minimal number of variables that allows predicting the structural condition of sewer assets to support the strategies in proactive management. The integration of BN models, statistical measures of agreement (Cohen's Kappa coefficient) and a statistical test (Wilcoxon test) were useful for a robust and straightforward

The objective of this study is to model the breakthrough adsorption curves of Co (II) ions using spent tealeaves in fixed-bed column experiments. Spent leaves of green tea (GT), peppermint tea (PM) and chamomile (CM) were packed in glass columns with a diameter of 2 cm and height of 15 cm, and used as filters for the removal of the pollutant. Aqueous solutions of cobalt (II) ions (100 mg/L) at pH 6

Two-stage anaerobic system (S1: R1 (acidogenic phase) + R2 (methanogenic phase)) and the one-stage control (S0) were established to investigate the effect of phase separation on the removal of an azo dye orange II, i.e., Acid Orange 7 (AO7), with starch as the primary co-substrate. Although final AO7 removal from two systems showed no statistical differences, the first-order rate constants for AO7

Two separate goals should be jointly pursued in wastewater treatment: nutrient removal and energy conservation. An efficient controller performance should cope with process uncertainties, seasonal variations and process nonlinearities. This paper describes the design and testing of a model predictive controller (MPC) based on neuro-fuzzy techniques that is capable of estimating the main process variables

Anaerobic membrane bioreactors (AnMBRs) have many advantages, such as producing methane gas for energy generation and little excess sludge. However, membrane fouling is a serious problem because the foulant, which causes the membrane to foul, may get rejected by the membrane and accumulate in the reactor, resulting in an acceleration of membrane fouling. However, there is no information related to

As organic dyes are the main pollutants in water pollution, seeking effective removal solutions is urgent for humans and the environment. A novel environmentally friendly three-dimensional CoFe-LDHs (3D CoFe-LDHs) catalyst was synthesized by one-step hydrothermal method. Scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron

Activated carbon (BC) prepared from olive oil solid waste (olive husk) by slow pyrolysis was chemically activated using MgCl2 (BC-MgCl2). The BC and BC-MgCl2 were used as adsorbents for removal of three phenolic compounds, namely, phenol (P), p-methoxyphenol (PMP) and p-nitrophenol (PNP), from aqueous solution. The uptake of these three phenolic compounds by the BC and BC-MgCl2 was better expressed

In this study, 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropene) diphthalic acid (PDA)-CD polymers containing β-cyclodextrin (CD) were synthesized for the adsorption of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and dyes. It features great adsorption of bisphenol A (BPA), methylene blue (MB) and neutral red (NR). The maximum adsorption capacities of MB, NR and BPA can reach 113.06, 106.8 and 51.74 mg/g, respectively. The tandem

Water-resistant magnetic graphene-anchored zeolite imidazolate (Fe3O4/ZIF-8-G) composite materials with the largest surface area are formed by directly growing a hydrophobic ZIF-8 skeleton onto a graphene support through self-assembly in methanol. Fe3O4/ZIF-8-G hybrid composite has water resistance and super strong adsorption capacity, and is used as an effective adsorbent for adsorption and removal

As porous crystal materials, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted wide attention in the field of environmental remediation. In this study, a trivalent iron-tartaric acid metal-organic framework (T2-MOF) was successfully synthesized using the inexpensive raw materials ferric chloride (FeCl3.6H2O) and tartaric acid (C4H6O6). The physical and chemical properties of T2-MOF were studied by using

Phosphorus crystallization-filtration (PCF) was devised as a novel tertiary process for phosphorus removal from domestic wastewater. The results obtained showed that during the PCF process, high pH and excessive calcium dosage conditions were required to obtain effluents with total phosphorus (T-P) and suspended solid (SS) concentrations below 0.2 and 10 mg/L, respectively, within 2 h of operation

This work reports on efforts to develop an integrated continuous forward osmosis system for the recovery of water from wastewater streams, highlighting critical process parameters to minimize energy consumption. Forward osmosis experiments were performed using NaCl draw solutions of various concentrations and the intrinsic membrane parameters (water permeability, draw solution permeability, and structural

The history of water supply and wastewater engineering in Crete Island (Greece) dates back more than ca 4,500 years, since the early Bronze Ages. In the Minoan era, it was recognized that the removal of wastewater and storm-water were necessary for communal living. The early Minoan developments in wastewater and storm-water collection and removal are the cornerstones on which modern cities are built

It is of great significance to remove Cr(VI) from water as a result of its high toxicity. Biochar from corn straw was modified by different acids (HNO3, H2SO4 and H3PO4) to remove Cr(VI) from aqueous solution. To estimate the removal mechanisms of Cr(VI) by the acid-modified biochars, batch experiments were performed in the light of contact time, Cr(VI) concentration, and pH, and the characteristics

This work aimed to degrade high-concentration p-nitrophenol (PNP) by Fenton oxidation. We studied various reaction parameters during Fenton oxidation, such as the iron dosage (as Fe2+), the initial concentration and temperature of PNP, and the dosage of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), especially the influence of temperature on the PNP degradation rate and degree. Under the addition of the same molar ratio

Ultrasound (US) is being considered as a promising emerging advanced oxidation process to degrade persistent organic-pollutants. This paper investigated the effect of several operating parameters on the degradation of a recalcitrant pharmaceutical product, namely ibuprofen (IBP), using an ultrasound-assisted biological reactor. The tested operating parameters are the power density (960, 480) W/L, US

Anthropogenic activities such as oil exploration have resulted in an environmental concern as they are comprised of residual hydrocarbons and metals. Following the hypothesis that endogenous bacterial communities have enhanced tolerance to heavy metals, we isolated and characterized culturable lead-resistant bacteria from an oil wastewater sample and determined whether they could reduce lead ions from

Pollution caused by combined sewer overflows has become a global threat to the environment. Under this challenge, quality-based real-time control (RTC) is considered as an effective approach to minimize pollution through generating optimal operation strategies for the sewer infrastructure. To suit the fast computation requirement of RTC implementation, simplified quality models are required. However

Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the environment are of great concern due to their potential risk to human health. The effluents from wastewater treatment plants and livestock production are major sources of ARB and ARGs. Chlorination, UV irradiation, and ozone disinfection cannot remove ARGs completely. In this study, the potential of electrochemical oxidation

The petrochemical wastewater includes many toxic organic compounds, which are refractory substances. It is difficult for the wastewater to meet discharge standards after biological treatment, therefore, the further effective treatment of post-biochemical petrochemical wastewater has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study used iron tartaric acid chelate (ITC) catalytic ozonation to treat

A high-rate biological contactor process (HRBC) can be used as primary treatment instead of a clarifier to remove particulate, colloidal and soluble fractions of organic matter via biosorption plus flotation and divert it to anaerobic digestion for methane production, simultaneously reducing secondary aeration energy demand. Pilot and bench tests were conducted at a range of contact times (15-60 min)

In the present study, the sol-gel technique helped to obtain Fe-containing samples with a base of amorphous silicon dioxide from rice husks RH-Fe and RH-Fe-300. These materials are characterized by IR spectroscopy, X-ray phase and X-ray spectral analysis. It was shown that the samples contain silicate structures Si-O-Si(Fe) and are in an amorphous state. Structure of the surface layers of RH-Fe-300

In order to reduce the environmental impact of benzoic acid (BA), molecular imprinted polymers based on attapulgite were facilely prepared by molecular imprinted technique. The samples were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and thermal gravimetric analysis. The adsorption performance, regeneration stability, and competitive

In this paper, a study on the removal of imitated polystyrene (PS) microplastics in water was carried out based on the adsorption capacity of three-dimensional reduced graphene oxide (3D RGO). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry characterization showed that the freeze-dried 3D RGO formed a distinct porous spatial structure. Different experimental parameters, such as pH, ion concentration

Population growth and climate change are exacerbating water scarcity. Graywater recycling could reduce water demand but it is not commonly practiced because of high treatment costs. Biochar, an emerging low-cost alternative sorbent with potential environmental benefits for graywater treatment, was compared to activated carbon (AC) for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from graywater. The impact

Substituted phenols, such as 4-Nitrophenol (4-NP) and 2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), that are present in industrial wastewaters are considered as priority pollutants due to their toxic effects. Their removal by biosorption presents an eco-friendly, cost-effective method. The kinetics of removal of 4-NP and 2,4-DCP by untreated Nostoc sp. (UNB) and Fe-treated Nostoc sp. biomass (FNB) were studied at

Membrane fouling mechanisms of the filtration of a mixed-culture microalgal biomass grown in real wastewater were investigated using crossflow filtration experiments. The results of flux measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses for three membranes, two microfiltration (PES01 and PES003) and one ultrafiltration (UC030), showed that the UC030 membrane

One of the major pollutants in leachate is phenol. Due to safety and environmental problems, removal of phenol from leachate is essential. Most of the adsorption studies have been conducted in batch systems. Practically, large-scale adsorption is carried out in continuous systems. In this research, the adsorption method has been used for phenol removal from leachate by using walnut shell activated

Mesocellular foam (MCF) silica molecular sieve material was successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, low nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization techniques were used to characterize the material. Low temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption method showed that pore

Degradation of naproxen (NAP) by persulfate (PS) activated with zero-valent iron (ZVI) was investigated in our study. The NAP in aqueous solution was degraded effectively by the ZVI/PS system and the degradation exhibited a pseudo-first-order kinetics pattern. Both sulfate radical (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radical (HO•) participate in the NAP degradation. The second-order rate constants for NAP reacting

Selective removal of petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) from soil washing effluents is the key to the surfactant-enhanced soil washing technology. In this study, the diatomite was modified by nonionic surfactant TX-100 and applied in the selective adsorption of PHCs in the soil washing effluents. The modified diatomites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

The application of nanoparticle heterogeneous Fenton-like catalysts is limited due to the requirement of filtration after reaction and possible secondary pollution. In this work, a novel mesh-type monolithic Fenton-like Cu/Fex/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst was developed for the degradation of dyes. The Cu and Fe species are uniformly dispersed on the mesh-type anodic monolithic γ-Al2O3 supports, and the results

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of natural ventilation and intermittent pumping events in hydrogen sulfide and methane dynamics, in terms of system operation and risk of gas exposure. Work was conducted in a full scale gravity sewer downstream of pumping stations, in Portugal. Different ventilation rates and locations were assessed, as well as H2S removal rates and potential exposure

Industrial development has led to generation of large volumes of wastewater containing heavy metals, which need to be removed before the wastewater is released into the environment. Chemical and electrochemical methods are traditionally applied to treat this type of wastewater. These conventional methods have several shortcomings, such as secondary pollution and cost. Bioprocesses are gradually gaining

Partial nitritation and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (PNA) is a useful process for the treatment of nitrogen-rich centrate from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludge. A one-stage PNA moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was started up without inoculum at Klagshamn wastewater treatment plant, southern Sweden. The reactor was designed to treat up to 200 kgN d-1, and heated dilution water was used

The environmental problems related to rural domestic sewage treatment are becoming increasingly serious, and society is also concerned about them. A baffled vertical flow constructed wetland (BVFCW) is a good choice for cleaning wastewater. Herein, a drinking-water treatment sludge-BVFCW (D-BVFCW) parallel with ceramsite-BVFCW (C-BVFCW) planted with Oenanthe javanica (O. javanica) to treat rural domestic

Chemical pollution poses a threat to the aquatic environment and to human health. Wastewater treatment plants are the last defensive line between the aquatic environment and emissions of pollutants. This study focuses on identification of most relevant hazardous substances in Estonian municipal wastewater and their fate in the treatment process. During this study, seasonal wastewater and sewage sludge

The goal of the present paper is to investigate the aeration process and the enhanced effect of baffles in a full-scale commercial membrane bioreactor (MBR) system configured with a flat sheet (FS) membrane module. Through a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation, two aerated FS membrane modules for full-scale applications with 26 membrane sheets were simulated. The numerical results indicate

One of the main factors of the increased eutrophication level of surface waters is the high anthropogenic loads of biogenic substances discharged into water bodies. Municipal wastewaters, containing large amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus play one of the key roles in the acceleration of eutrophication intensity. The main direction in the prevention of eutrophication caused by wastewater discharge

Fe2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully prepared by coprecipitation method for the degradation of diesel pollutants in seawater under visible light. The effects of doping ratio, calcination temperature, photocatalyst dosage, initial diesel concentration, H2O2 concentration, and reaction time on the photocatalytic removal efficiency were investigated. Moreover, the optimal conditions

This study evaluated the effects of temporary external voltage on the performance of two-chambered microbial fuel cells (MFC) that use nitrate wastewater as a substrate. Results indicate that the external voltage affected the performance of the MFC during their operation, and this effect remained even after the voltage was removed. The degradation efficiency of the chemical oxygen demand increased

An extensive field survey was conducted in four types of road area to study heavy metals in road runoff. Eleven rainfall events were monitored from February 2011 to March 2012, which were classified into four categories according to the relationship between peak of the rainfall amount, rainfall duration, and average rainfall intensity. Runoff samples were collected from overpass sections, college areas

Two bioreactors were investigated as an alternative for the post-treatment of effluent from an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor treating domestic sewage, aiming at dissolved sulfide and methane removal. The bioreactors (R-control and R-air) were operated at different hydraulic retention times (HRT; 6 and 3 h) with or without aeration. Large sulfide and methane removal efficiencies were

Rapid population growth, industrial development and stringent demand for treatment of wastewater require developing and emerging economies to upgrade existing wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) or planning new WWTPs. In the context of unavailability or unaffordability of land and resources for infrastructure expansion, low cost, small footprint, less energy consumption and product reuse are some of

New industrial and urban developments in water-scarce regions are often inhibited by their high demand for water from natural resources. In addition, there often is a lack of water for purposes that contribute to an improved quality of life, such as urban green spaces. Therefore, the integrated industrial-urban water-reuse concept presents a strategy by linking and reusing treated industrial and municipal

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) has been proven to be an efficient technology capable of treating various industrial effluents. However, the evaluation of its performances in the case of olive mill wastewater (OMW) over a conventional activated sludge (CAS) have not been determined yet. The present study aims to compare OMW treatment in two laboratory scale pilots: an external ceramic MBR and CAS starting

A silver phosphate/hydroxyapatite (Ag3PO4/HA) composite was produced from phosphate waste rocks, firstly by the valorization of these wastes to HA and then by the treatment of this prepared HA with a silver nitrate solution. A type of response surface methodology, Box-Behnken experimental design, was used to find optimum synthesis parameters (silver to HA weight ratios, calcination temperature and

Different types of commercial titania (P25, P90, PC500, and C-TiO2) were immobilized as single or mixed photocatalyst onto the surface of a natural support material made of cement, clay, and wood fibers. The successful immobilization was studied by different techniques showing a composite material with the mechanical properties of the support material and the photocatalytic behavior of the immobilized

The effect of change of hydraulic characteristic and microbial community on pollution removal efficiency of the infiltration systems in the bioclogging development process remain poorly understood. In this study, therefore, the pollutant removal as a response to hydraulic conductivity reduction and the change of diversity and structure of microbial communities in vertical flow constructed wetlands

Wastewater treatment in semi-natural systems, such as a hydroponic lagoon operating as the third stage of purification, is becoming more and more popular because of the efficiency of nutrient removal. Very often treatment processes in hydroponic ditches are supported by algal growth, which can cause an increase in the concentration of total suspended solids in the outflow from the wastewater treatment

The kinetics of Se uptake and toxicity to Lemna were studied over a period of 14 days of exposure to Se(IV) or Se(VI). The growth of Lemna stopped immediately after exposure to 5.0 mg/L of Se(IV) or Se(VI). The content of chlorophyll and phaeopigments of Lemna exposed to 5.0 mg/L of Se(IV) was two to three times less than in the control after 3 d exposure. Lemna took up Se rapidly within the first

A novel composite (nZVI@K-GCN) was firstly synthesized by liquid phase reducing nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) on potassium-doped graphitic carbon nitride (K-GCN). The results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) suggested that nZVI@K-GCN possessed abundant active functional groups such as

In this study, a secondary subsystem mathematical model is established under the condition that the layout of the sewage collection branch, trunk, and main pipe network projects is fixed. The sewage collection branch and trunk pipe network projects are treated as the research objective by taking the minimum annual cost of the sewage collection pipe network projects as the objective function, the longitudinal

Plant-wide modelling can be considered an appropriate approach to represent the current complexity in water resource recovery facilities, reproducing all known phenomena in the different process units. Nonetheless, novel processes and new treatment schemes are still being developed and need to be fully incorporated in these models. This work presents a short chronological overview of some of the most

The increase of fluorescent natural organic matter (fNOM) fractions during drinking water treatment might lead to an increased coagulant dose and filter clogging, and can be a precursor for disinfection by-products. Consequently, efficient fNOM removal is essential, for which characterisation of fNOM fractions is crucial. This study aims to develop a robust monitoring tool for assessing fNOM fractions

Drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) face changes in raw water quality, and treatment needs to be adjusted to produce the best water quality at the minimum environmental cost. An environmental decision support system (EDSS) was developed for aiding DWTP operators in choosing the adequate permanganate dosing rate in the pre-oxidation step. To this end, multiple linear regression (MLR) and multi-layer