The US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Southeast Watershed Research Laboratory (SEWRL) initiated a hydrologic research program on the Little River Experimental Watershed (LREW) in 1967. Long-term (52 years) streamflow data are available for nine sites, including rainfall-runoff relationships and hydrograph characteristics regularly used in research on interactive effects of

Hydrological models used for reservoir management typically lack an accurate representation of open-water evaporation and must be run in a scarce data context. This study aims to identify an accurate means to estimate reservoir evaporation with simple meteorological inputs during the open-water season, using long-term eddy covariance observations from two boreal hydropower reservoirs with contrasting

Seasonal water storage in high-elevation alpine catchments are critical sources of water for mountainous regions like the western U.S. The spatial distribution of snow in these topographically complex catchments is primarily governed by orography, solar radiation, and wind redistribution. While the effect of solar shading is relatively consistent from year-to-year, the redistribution of snow due to

The interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere is a crucial driver of atmospheric processes. Soil moisture and precipitation are key components in this feedback. Both variables are intertwined in a cycle, i.e. the soil moisture – precipitation feedback for which involved processes and interactions are still discussed. In this study the soil moisture – precipitation feedback is compared

Regional warming and modifications in precipitation regimes has large impacts on streamflow in Norway, where both rainfall and snowmelt are important runoff generating processes. Hydrological impacts of recent changes in climate are usually investigated by trend analyses applied on annual, seasonal, or monthly time series. None of these detect sub-seasonal changes and their underlying causes. This

Climate factors play critical roles in controlling chemical weathering, while chemically weathered surface material can regulate climate change. To estimate global chemical weathering fluxes and CO2 balance, it is important to identify the characteristics and driving factors of chemical weathering and CO2 consumption on the Tibetan Plateau, especially in glaciated catchments. The analysis of the hydro-geochemical

Tonle Sap Lake (TSL) is one of the world's most productive lacustrine ecosystems, driven by the Mekong River's seasonal flood pulse. This flood pulse and its long-term dynamics under the Mekong River basin's fast socio-economic development and climate change need to be identified and understood. However, existing studies fall short of sufficient time coverage or concentrate only on changes in water

Located in the Adirondack Mountains of northern New York State, Huntington Wildlife Forest (HWF) is a 6000-ha research and education facility operated by SUNY ESF (State University of New York, College of Environmental Science and Forestry) with continuous long-term monitoring programs spanning over six decades. One of the ‘cradles’ of acid rain research in North America, HWF was in the first cohort

Urbanization negatively impacts water quality in streams by reducing stream-groundwater interactions, which can reduce a stream's capacity to naturally attenuate nitrate. Meadowbrook Creek, a first order urban stream in Syracuse, New York, has an inverse urbanization gradient, with heavily urbanized headwaters that are disconnected from the floodplain and downstream reaches that have intact riparian

Recent studies have highlighted the importance of understanding ecohydrological drought feedbacks to secure water resources under a changing climate and increasing anthropogenic impacts. In this study, we monitored and modelled feedbacks in the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum to the European drought summer 2018 and the following two years. The physically based, isotope-aided model EcH2O-iso was applied

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (WUE), a ratio between gross ecosystem production (GEP) and water loss through evapotranspiration (ET) can be helpful for the assessment of coupled peatland carbon and water cycles under anthropogenic changes in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) where extensive oil sands development has been occurring since the 1960’s. As such, this study assessed multiyear peak growing

Artificial subsurface (tile) drainage is used to increase trafficability and crop yield in much of the Midwest due to soils with naturally poor drainage. Tile drainage has been researched extensively at the field scale, but knowledge gaps remain on how tile drainage influences the streamflow response at the watershed scale. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of tile drainage on the

Naturalization of the flow hydrograph and ice regime is a key step in assessment of ecological and socioeconomic impacts of regulation across large portions of Europe, Asia, and North America, where many rivers are dammed for hydropower generation. Building on previous naturalization of early-freshet flows that influence the nature of breakup and jamming events, novel methodology is developed to estimate

This paper presents a scheme describing low flow formation processes in areas with different environmental conditions, including the impact of the selection and explanatory power of predictors for a probabilistic model based on the logit model. The research was carried out using 29 daily streamflow gauges located in the Lublin region of southeastern Poland for the hydrological period 1976-2018. Analysis

Stream water-use is essential for both agricultural and hydrological management and yet not many studies have explored its non-stationarity and nonlinearity with meteorological variables. This study proposed a deep-learning based model to estimate agricultural water withdrawal using hydro-meteorological variables, which projected the changes of agricultural water withdrawal influenced by climate change

Quantitatively and physically understanding changes in land surface hydrology is a hot topic in the hydro-meteorological research, especially over China with high population density but uneven distribution of water resources. Therefore, the spatiotemporal dynamics [i.e., the 1980s (1981–1990) and 1990s (1991–2000) relative to the baseline of 1961–1980] in evapotranspiration (ET) and streamflow/runoff

Fast-growing forest plantations have been expanding in Brazil in the last 50 years, which reach productivities by over 40 m3.ha-1.year-1 in reduced rotation between 5 and 15 years. In the 1990s, environmental warnings about these plantations guided research projects seeking to understand their effects on water and propose forest management actions to minimize them. The assessment of forest management

The Niwot Ridge and Green Lakes Valley (NWT) long-term ecological research (LTER) site collects environmental observations spanning both alpine and subalpine regimes. The first observations began in 1952 and have since expanded to nearly 300 available datasets over an area of 99 km2 within the north-central Colorado Rocky Mountains that include hydrological (n = 101), biological (n = 79), biogeochemical

Estimation of the infiltration/natural recharge to groundwater from rainfall is an important issue in hydrology, particularly in arid regions. This paper proposes the application of The Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) mass balance model to develop infiltration (F)-rainfall (P) relationship from flash flood events. Moreover, the NRCS method is compared with the rational and the Ф-index

Volcanic aquifers supply a substantial portion of water resources in many parts of the world, including islands, and their productivity depends strongly on volcanic stratigraphy, which exhibits considerable heterogeneity. We investigated water inflow to lava tube caves formed from numerous basaltic lava flows in the northeastern coastal area of Jeju Island after storm events and monitored relative

The Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory (CHL) is a USDA Forest Service (FS) Experimental Forest, located in western North Carolina, in the southern Appalachian Mountains. Established in 1934, CHL has long-term data records that include climate, streamflow, stream and atmospheric chemistry, and vegetation in several small, experimentally-manipulated and reference watersheds. In addition to these long-term

Increasing river temperatures are a threat to cold water species including ecologically and economically important freshwater fish, such as Atlantic salmon. In 2018, ca. 70% of Scottish rivers experienced temperatures which cause thermal stress in juvenile salmon, a situation expected to become increasingly common under climate change. Management of riparian woodlands is proven to protect cold water

The spatial variation of soil moisture over very small areas (<100 m2) can have nonlinear impacts on cycling and flux rates resulting in bias if it is not considered, but measuring this variation is difficult over extensive temporal and spatial scales. Most studies examining spatial variation of soil moisture were conducted at hillslope (0.01 km2) to multi-catchment spatial scales (1,000 km2). They

Stream and shallow groundwater responses to rainfall are characterized by high spatial variability, but hydrologic response variability across small, agro-forested sub-catchments remains poorly understood. Conceivably, improved understanding in this regard will result in agricultural practices that more effectively limit nutrient runoff, erosion, and pollutant transport. Terrestrial hydrologic response

Human-induced afforestation has been one of the main policies for environmental management of farmland abandonment in Mediterranean areas. Over the last decades, several studies have reviewed the impact of afforestation activities on geomorphological and hydrological responses and soil properties, although few studies have evaluated the effects on water table dynamics. In parallel to human-induced

Accurate characterization of heterogeneity in groundwater basins is crucial to the sustainable management of groundwater resources. This study explores the temporal sampling issues and the role of flux measurements in the characterization of heterogeneity in groundwater basins using numerical experiments. The experiments involve a digital basin imitating the groundwater basin of the North China Plain

Understanding near-stream groundwater dynamics and flow directions is important for predicting hillslope-stream connectivity, streamflow generation, and hydrologic controls of streamwater quality. To determine the drivers of groundwater flow in the stream corridor (i.e. the stream channel and the adjacent groundwater in footslopes and riparian areas), we observed the water levels of 36 wells and 7

Erosion leading to sedimentation in surface water may disrupt aquatic habitats and deliver sediment-bound nutrients that contribute to eutrophication. Land use changes causing loss of native vegetation have accelerated already naturally high erosion rates in New Zealand and increased sedimentation in streams and lakes. Sediment-bound phosphorus (P) makes up 71-79% of the 17-19 t P y-1 delivered from

While 1992 marked the first major dam – Manwan – on the main stem of the Mekong River, the post-2010 era has seen the construction and operationalisation of mega dams such as Xiaowan (started operations in 2010) and Nuozhadu (started operations in 2014) that were much larger than any dams built before. The scale of these projects implies that their operations will likely have significant ecological

This Special Issue (SI) of Hydrological Processes features invited contributions led by women scientists at an advanced career stage who have made sustained contributions to the study of hydrological processes, advancing the field. The papers, with contributions from 16 women from 8 countries, reflect a wide diversity of research topics and methods. The contributions were by invitation. Work by these

The European Water Framework Directive demands to assess and report the chemical and ecological status of water bodies (WB). Linking their status to drivers and pressures and deriving suitable mitigation measures require knowledge of the shape and area of WB catchments. We derived a network of 26 570 WB catchments in Germany using the hydrologically-defined drainage basins of the German federal states

A Physically-Constrained Wavelet-Aided Statistical Model (PCWASM) is presented to analyze and predict monthly groundwater dynamics on multidecadal or longer time scales. The approach retains the simplicity of regression modeling but is constrained by temporal scales of processes responsible for groundwater level variation, including aquifer recharge and pumping. The methodology integrates statistical

Elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater are a common challenge for water management. One important factor in this context is higher frequencies and intensities of wet-dry cycles that may cause increased nitrate concentrations in groundwater due to nitrate flushes after drought termination. Yet systematic studies on regional-scale impacts of droughts on groundwater nitrate concentrations are

The clearest signs of hydrologic change can be observed from the trends in streamflow and groundwater levels in a catchment. During 1980-2007, significant declines in streamflow (-3.03 mm/year) and groundwater levels (-0.22 m/year) were observed in Himayat Sagar (HS) catchment, India. We examined the degree to which hydrologic changes observed in the HS catchment can be attributed to various internal

Reservoir construction greatly affects the regional ecological environment, particularly surface water-Groundwater interactions around the reservoir. Xiluodu Reservoir, a representative large-scale reservoir in China, has had substantial impacts on surface water-Groundwater interactions at the dam site since impoundment. This study analyzed the dynamic characteristics of surface water-Groundwater level