The hidden objects are located, as sixteen objects (anomalies) on the reduction to magnetic pole data (RTP). The follow-up and identification of these objects by applying several digital filters, as upwarding continuation at different level, then the horizontal derivative (HD) and vertical derivative (VD). Accordingly, the edge detection filter techniques are dependent on the tilt derivative (horizontal

In large-scale hydropower projects, the anti-seepage curtain is an important measure to reduce the leakage of reservoirs and ensure the stability of foundation rocks. In this study, an efficient procedure for the optimization design of an anti-seepage curtain was proposed given the drawback of the time-consuming and low efficiency in optimizing multiple parameters of the anti-seepage curtain. This

This study proposes a fluid flow algorithm incorporated with the particulate interface model (PIM) to simulate flow in rock joints in the particulate DEM. The PIM captures the mechanical behavior of a rock joint based on macroscopic parameters, and then the fluid flow algorithm calculates correct flow behavior in rock joint. In the fluid flow algorithm, a virtual pore space is defined as the area that

The joint surface of a rock mass is one of the most important factors that strongly affect its shear strength, which is critical in rock engineering. Specifically, the joint roughness coefficient (JRC) is a parameter that represents the profile characteristic of the joint. In the authors’ earlier investigation, any joint profile with a given JRC might be generated randomly for engineering purposes

In recent years, debris flows induced by rainstorms have caused severe casualties and property losses in the Wenchuan earthquake region, Southwest China. The different rainfall patterns point to a composite rainfall threshold for the occurrence of debris flows. The rainfall intensity and antecedent rainfall of debris flow events were analyzed after the Wenchuan earthquake. The results show that the

This study is an investigation of the effect of high temperatures on the engineering properties of sandstone. The rock was first subjected to a range of temperatures such as 25 °C, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C, and a series of porosity, unconfined compression, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope tests were then performed on the heated specimens. In addition, sandstone specimens

The study of landslide initiation mechanisms and dynamic process analysis is important for monitoring, predicting, and controlling landslide occurrence. A giant landslide that occurred on July 19, 2018, in Yanyuan County, Southwest China, was investigated, providing a research example. In this paper, the failure mechanism and dynamic process of the Boli landslide were analyzed using field investigations

The present paper has developed a new multivariate linear regression and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference processing to predict UCS for weathered granite grade III based on simple input data from point load index, Schmidt rebound hardness, and P wave velocity. Data from 85 rock core samples of this granite type have been selected. By using multivariate regression analysis, three models with two independent

An effort to implement a siphon drainage system requires a comprehensive knowledge of the factor affecting the performance of the drainage system to reduce the groundwater table in the landslide area. A long-term field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the siphon drainage system with vertical wells to maintain the stability of landslide masses in a volcanic hillslope in West

Calcareous sand is often used for island reef filling. The permeability of calcareous sand is a key parameter used to determine the consolidation time and the storage of fresh water during the construction of calcareous sand foundation. Pore structure characteristics are the key factors affecting permeability. In this study, X-ray computed tomography (CT) combined with pore network modeling were used

Rock aggregates constitute the enormous volume of inert construction material used around the globe. The petrologic description as igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic types establishes the intrinsic formation pattern of the parent rock. The engineering properties of these rocks vary due to the differences in the transformation process (e.g. hydrothermal deposits) and weathering effect. The two most

The present study provided a preliminary investigation on the kinetic and fragmentation characteristics of the Xuzha rock avalanche, a ridge-top rock avalanche located in the southeast of the Tibetan Plateau, China. Field investigation revealed that the Xuzha rock avalanche originated from a steep slope and caused the tributary of the Jinsha River dammed, showing an extreme high mobility. The vertical

In the last decades, the amount of dredged sediments (DS) increased in France harbours. Dredged sediments consist of fine soil collected from the deepening, broadening and maintaining of public waterways. The present study reports the investigation of the beneficial reuse of dredged sediments collected from Le Havre (France) harbour as fired material for sustainability requirements. The main challenge

Linear engineering across cold regions has a negative effect on the stability of underlying permafrost. The permafrost degradation affected by engineering activities would induce ground thaw settlement; hence, the feedback from ground alternation would damage the engineering structure conversely, which is detrimental to both engineering safety and the surrounding environment there, especially differential

At 8:30 a.m., on August 11, 2018, a high-position rockslide avalanche was reported in Da’anshan village, Fangshan district, Beijing, China. The landslide destroyed the road below and did not cause any casualties due to the timely detection of warning signs. The displaced landslide material traveled a horizontal distance of about 260 m with a vertical drop of about 176 m and stopped at 613.6 m asl.

A laboratory model experiment of step vacuum preloading (SVP) for dredger fills was performed. The soil moisture content and water discharge rate were measured. The seepage mechanism of pore water was analyzed based on the theory of drainage consolidation. The results indicated that the seepage fluid mostly consisted of free water during self-weight sedimentation and under 10 kPa vacuum pressure in

The bearing mechanism of the isolated stone column in soft soil is a complex problem involving interactions of the granular material constituting the column and the surrounding soil. The existing ultimate bearing capacity prediction formulas may be limited in extremely soft soils. A series of numerical simulations were conducted to study the isolated stone column’s failure process in soft soil during

Dredged river or lake sediments are ideal for repurposing in engineering applications. Unfortunately, the low strength of these materials makes it necessary to amend them with chemical stabilisers before utilisation. This research attempted to improve the shrinkage and swelling potentials of cement-stabilised dredged sediments by addition of fly ash (FA). Material mixtures were created from combinations

Seepage failure test means the foundation soil instability caused by underground water perturbation, which is one of the most common methods to evaluate a site seepage resistance, but it is time consuming. High water pressure is always applied to shorten the test time. However, significant error is generated as calculating the seepage failure slope (SPS), the gradient, due to the nonlinear characteristics

A great deal of progress has been made in recent years to investigate the chemical characteristics of beachrocks. Beachrocks found in Krakal-Sadranan Beach (Yogyakarta, Indonesia) are spread locally, parallel to the coastline with a breadth of about 10–30 m2. In this research, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) drone mapping, geological analysis, direct current resistivity survey, and surface seismic surveys

This study uses laboratory tests and theoretical analysis to adopt a triaxial computer-controlled rock deformation system for studying the dynamic damage characteristics of coal during the process of coal seam water injection in a low-porosity coalbed. The effects of alternating hydraulic pressure on the mechanical properties and the damage evolution of coal under four different stress states are investigated

The fractal geometry method has been employed to quantitatively characterize the roughness of a rock discontinuity, which is one of the key factors affecting its shear strength and the seepage characteristics of a rock mass. However, the current fractal methods involving the three-dimensional discontinuity morphology suffer from one or more problems, such as a complicated calculation procedure, an

Rock mass quality assessment has a vital influence on the excavation of tunnels and caverns in rock mass. For this purpose, extensive field studies, including records of measure-while-drilling data and rock mass quality scores (RQS) from the observation reports of tunnel faces, have been conducted. In order to predict RQS, three optimized artificial neural network (ANN) models based on genetic algorithm

Safe construction and operation of tunnels in high seismic risk regions require special aseismic design. A possible solution to this issue is to consider the earthquake damage that a tunnel may suffer beforehand in the process of engineering rock mass classification during the geotechnical investigation phase. Then, the tunnel support system is designed with this modified classification result. To

In this research, landslide susceptibility map of the Fahliyan sub-basin was provided employing adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) in ensemble with the ant colony optimization (ACOR) and differential evolution (DE) algorithms. Forty-three out of 61 landslides (70%) were employed to provide landslide susceptibility map and 18 landslides (30%) to validate the models. Thirteen landslide controlling

Bentonite-sand mixtures are typically used in engineering applications such as cutoff walls for waste containment facilities or barriers in landfills and freshwater reservoirs. However, low or reduced mechanical and hydraulic performance of a bentonite-sand mixture might result in the failure of the engineering structure. In order to enhance the mechanical and hydraulic properties of a bentonite-sand

For evaluation of the seismic stability of submarine slopes, traditional deterministic methods may not reflect the actual situation due to the uncertainties in input values such as seismic acceleration, soil properties, and hydraulic conditions. In this study, probabilistic analyses were conducted based on the use of an enhanced Newmark method to evaluate the seismic stability of submarine slopes.

In order to evaluate the stability of surrounding rock scientifically and reasonably, a model for evaluation of underground engineering surrounding rock stability based on D-S evidence theory and error-eliminating theory was proposed. Firstly, aiming at the fuzziness and complexity of index weight in the evaluation of surrounding rock stability, four groups of index weight were obtained by using four

A strong freeze-thaw (F-T) weathering effect influences the strength of rock in the high-altitude areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. To study the long-term deterioration characteristics of rock in an alpine F-T environment, shear creep experiments were conducted on red sandstone from the Sichuan-Tibet highway to analyze its shear creep characteristics under different temperature ranges. The results

Land subsidence is often associated with compaction of subsurface strata, which cannot be recorded in detail by precise leveling, satellite imagery, and even extensometers. The distributed fiber optic sensing (DFOS) technique is advantageous in subsurface deformation monitoring, because it can image distributed profiles of vertical deformation by distributed strain sensing. Here, we propose to use

Evaluation of the structural similarity or structural domains is a fundamental step for characterizing fractured rock masses. In this research, the division of rock masses into structural domains is treated as a multi-parameter clustering problem. The fuzzy spectral clustering method is used and proved to be an effective approach for measuring the structural similarity of jointed rock masses, in which

Soil erosion is a serious hazards occurring in overlaying diluvial fans of shallow underground pipelines. To learn the extent of soil erosion in such landforms, we propose a method of susceptibility assessment of soil erosion based on a case study of the Chaka diluvial fan, Qinghai Province, China. First, we conducted a field investigation at 24 sites, to obtain the land surface properties. Then, vital

It is essential to understand the hydraulic behavior of rock apertures as the fluid flow path in the rock mass. The geometric parameters of fracture such as roughness of walls and fracture aperture have a significant effect on its hydromechanical behavior. In this paper, the laboratory tests are performed on the samples and then, the laboratory conditions are numerically simulated. The three-dimensional

Various kinds of rocks can be used as building stones based on their durability, appearance, and availability. During many periods of times, particularly the Hellenistic, tufa rocks were used as building stones because of their appropriateness for construction. In this research, tufa rocks exposed at Kurkur Oasis are evaluated based on various geological, petrophysical, and geomechanical investigations

Tunnels are commonly constructed in loess with a high water content or saturation degree, which can lead to large ground deformation, structural cracking, and even tunnel collapse during construction, in addition to tunnel leaks, sidewall settlement, and frost damage. A complete understanding of the distribution, source, and effects of groundwater in loess is therefore of critical importance, particularly

The mechanical behaviors of soil-rock mixture (S-RM) are very complicated and significantly affected by its rock block content and gradation composition. A systematic study was performed on how the strength and failure characteristics of S-RM can be affected by the rock block content, the “oversize rock block” processing methods adopted, and the sample size in triaxial tests. Both the deviator stress

Frost heave damage is caused by the in situ freezing of pore water and segregated ice due to moisture migration. Previous studies have shown that in freezing soil, moisture migration is related to the pore water pressure gradient, and moisture migration is the dominant reason for the formation of an ice lens. However, the essential relationship between ice segregation and the matric potential is still

When the least square approach is used to solve regression coefficients during the back analysis of a virgin stress field, the multicollinearity among independent variables may cause negative, too large, or non-significant regression coefficients, which can lead to an unreasonable virgin stress field. To make the virgin stress field obtained by a back analysis more reasonable, it is proposed that the

Water-air interactions caused by water level changes over a karst cavity can lead to sinkhole collapse. Declining water levels in a two-layered cover (clayey upper layer and sandy lower layer) above a karst cavity will lead to changes in the air pressure inside both the cover layers and the cavity. The change in air pressure can cause changes in the rate of water level decline and induce subsidence

The accurate and efficient modification of the static and dynamic properties of problematic soils is a primary concern in geotechnical engineering. Soil stiffness, which is typically represented by a small strain shear modulus, is an essential parameter for the selection of the type and amount of soil stabilizers. In this study, the small strain shear stiffness of soft clay stabilized with cement and

The behavior of granular materials subjected to shear loading is often very complex to be correctly characterized. Loads on a discrete medium composed by several grains lead to a diffusion of stresses in the medium by contact and frictions between individual grains. This stress diffusion combined to inter-granular relative movements induces some cracking in the contact zones and even some complete

Rainfall is one of the most significant natural factors for inducing landslides. The shallow saturated zone formed in slopes during rainfall is an important factor in inducing shallow landslides. In this paper, the characteristics and influencing factors of the saturated zone in soil slopes, and the relationship between the soil surface permeability coefficient and the rainfall intensity are analyzed

Frost heave induced by artificial freezing can be destructive to infrastructure. The fundamental physicochemical mechanisms behind frost heave involve mainly the coupled thermal-hydraulic-mechanical (THM) behavior, ice-water phase transition, and heat and fluid flow in porous media. Taking the soil skeleton, pore ice, and pore water as independent bodies to conduct the mechanical analysis, we clarify

Slope reliability assessment is an efficient methodology for landslide risk mitigation. However, it is also a challenging task owing to various uncertainties and randomness of soil properties in geotechnical engineering. As the slope is a complicated system with high nonlinearity, the stability analysis with high precision and reliability fails to be obtained from the traditional response surface method

The expansive soils have always presented various challenges for geotechnical and civil engineers due to their low bearing capacity and high swell-shrinkage characteristics. This study aims to utilize liming leather waste ash (LLWA) as a sole expansive soil stabilizer examining its effects on various engineering properties of soil such as consistency limits, compaction parameters, unconfined compressive

The original version of Fig. 7 included one incorrect image.

Pillar burst depends not only on the pillar itself but also on other components of the roof-pillar system. Instability theory is applied to optimize the critical condition of pillar instability, thus minimizing the likelihood of a pillar burst event. The instability mechanism and evolution process of a pillar burst for a rock beam embedded in an elastic foundation (EF) are investigated. The unmined

Unsaturated clay deposits swell and shrink as a result of seasonal variations in climatic conditions and affect the performance of underground infrastructure systems. This paper investigates the response of a 150-mm PVC pipe buried in a highly plastic clay deposit under field conditions. A numerical model was established to integrate the daily climatic conditions. To accurately model field performance

This research aims to study the bearing capacity of pre-bored rock-socketed concrete pile on coral reef calcarenite. Constant normal stiffness direct shear test is performed on the interface between the pile and the coral reef calcarenite sample. Observations are made towards the friction mechanism of the pile-rock interface and the consequent shear dilation behaviors. It is shown that the shear failure

In ancient times, the most widely used rocks, especially in construction of roads and monuments, were sedimentary and magmatic rocks. Natural stones used in the buildings and historical monuments are subjected to atmospheric effects such as freeze-thaw, salt crystalisation and wetting and drying cycles which accelerates abrasion. Therefore, wear resistance of natural stone materials is important for

Dams are generally designed and built to resist the most severe destabilizing conditions. Their failures have caused severe damages and loss of lives through history. The investigations carried out on failed dams have, in most cases, unveiled that foundation problems are usually the cause. These problems are very often related to the condition of discontinuities dissecting the rock foundations. Being

Rock slope failures are controlled by a complex interplay of geological structures and anthropogenic activities. In this study, data from structural geology, rock mass characterization, and ground-based monitoring networks are integrated into a numerical model. This model is used to explore the relationships among structural features, damages, anthropogenic activities, and slope failures occurring

A systematic robust design optimization methodology is presented in this study for cantilever retaining wall backfilled with shredded tire in the face of earthquake hazards. Regarding the merits of application of shredded tire backfill in seismically active areas, the uncertainties in properties of this material (e.g., friction angle and cohesion) as well as uncertainties in earthquake load (e.g.,

Cyclic loading–induced hazards are severe instability problems concerning surface and underground geotechnical projects. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the rock failure mechanism under cyclic loading. An innovative double-criteria damage-controlled testing method was proposed in this study to capture the complete stress–strain response of porous limestone, especially the post-peak behaviour

Evaluation of stability of artificial slopes created due to road construction in the mountainous terrain is very important but often a neglected aspect. The safe execution of road-cut slopes depends upon the level of understanding achieved in defining the engineering behaviour of rock masses with respect to its deformation and mechanical attributes. Understanding the realistic response of the rock

The hydraulic conductivity of 54 sand-sized crushed limestone materials was measured by conducting constant head tests in a rigid-wall permeameter and was estimated using six predictive equations requiring easily obtainable parameters. The gradations tested had effective grain size, D10, from 0.079 to 2.15 mm; uniformity coefficient, Cu, from 1.19 to 15.79; and void ratio, e, from 0.42 to 0.76. The

In the References, the standard “GB 50455–2008 (2008) Code for design of underground oil storage in rock caverns.

Cracking behavior of flawed samples has been extensively studied in rocks and rock-like materials using experimental and numerical approaches. However, the existing research mainly focuses on the effects of flaw length l and inclination angle α on rock mechanical behavior, a limited attention has been given to understand the role of flaw width b on crack initiation and propagation in relation to mechanical

At present, the lack of detection technology in underground space area is the main constraint on the development and utilization of underground space. In order to solve the difficult situation of underground space exploration and evaluation, this paper presents a multi-frequency ultrasonic scanning detection technology, a large number of borehole detection data can be obtained by using the detection