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Correction to: Volcanic activity and gas emissions along the South Sandwich Arc Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 Emma J. Liu; Kieran Wood; Alessandro Aiuppa; Gaetano Giudice; Marcello Bitetto; Tobias P. Fischer; Brendan T. McCormick Kilbride; Terry Plank; Tom Hart
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01436-5
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Correction to: Tsunamis from prospected mass failure on the Marsili submarine volcano flanks and hints for tsunami hazard evaluation Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 G. Gallotti; F. Zaniboni; G. Pagnoni; C. Romagnoli; F. Gamberi; M. Marani; S. Tinti
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake.
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Seismic evidence of the active regional tectonic faults and the Copahue volcano, at Caviahue Caldera, Argentina Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-03-05 V. M. Montenegro; S. Spagnotto; D. Legrand; A. T. Caselli
Understanding interactions between tectonic faults and a nearby active volcano is often realized by combining seismic and field observations. A good example of such an interaction is the Caviahue caldera. It is located in an intra-arc extensional pull-apart basin, within a transition zone joining the northern part of the right-lateral strike-slip Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault System and the thrust-fault Antiñir-Copahue
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A window on mantle-derived magmas within the Central Andes: eruption style transitions at Cerro Overo maar and La Albóndiga lava dome, northern Chile Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-03-04 Gabriel Ureta; Károly Németh; Felipe Aguilera; Martin Zimmer; Andrew Menzies
Cerro Overo maar and La Albóndiga lava dome are two independent monogenetic volcanoes located in the Central Volcanic Zone of the Andes in northern Chile, close to the active Lascar and Chiliques volcanoes. Cerro Overo maar was formed <77 ka ago by explosive-effusive eruptions, including phreatomagmatic activity, while La Albóndiga lava dome (Pleistocene) is the result of magmatic explosive-effusive
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Evolution of magma decompression and discharge during a Plinian event (Late Bronze-Age eruption, Santorini) from multiple eruption-intensity proxies Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-26 Madison L. Myers, Timothy H. Druitt, Federica Schiavi, Lucia Gurioli, Taya Flaherty
We have coupled three independent methods to investigate the time evolution of eruptive intensity during the sub-Plinian and Plinian phases of the 3600-year BP Late Bronze-Age eruption of Santorini Volcano: (1) mass eruption rate based on new lithic isopleth maps for multiple layers of the fall deposit, (2) magma decompression rate calculated from vesicle number densities, and (3) magma decompression
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Eruption of compositionally heterogeneous andesites from a complex storage region during the 2006 eruption of Augustine Volcano Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-25 Mary C. Benage, Heather M. N. Wright, Michelle L. Coombs
Despite the common occurrence of heterogeneous andesitic eruptions, few studies have investigated the compositional effects on microlite crystallization and vesiculation in co-erupted natural samples. In 2006, Augustine Volcano erupted compositionally heterogeneous andesites that range from 56.4 to 63.3 wt% SiO2 and include two endmember lithologic groups: low-silica andesite (LSA) and high-silica
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A multi-decadal view of the heat and mass budget of a volcano in unrest: La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (French West Indies) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-20 David E. Jessop, Séverine Moune, Roberto Moretti, Dominique Gibert, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Vincent Robert, Michael J. Heap, Alexis Bosson, Magali Bonifacie, Sébastien Deroussi, Céline Dessert, Marina Rosas-Carbajal, Arnaud Lemarchand, Arnaud Burtin
Particularly in the presence of a hydrothermal system, many volcanoes output large quantities of heat through the transport of water from deep within the edifice to the surface. Thus, heat flux is a prime tool for evaluating volcanic activity and unrest. We review the volcanic unrest at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (French West Indies) using an airborne thermal camera survey and in situ measurements
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Correction to: Silicic conduits as supersized tuffisites: Clastogenic influences on shifting eruption styles at Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 C. Ian Schipper, Jonathan M. Castro, Ben M. Kennedy, Hugh Tuffen, Jack Whattam, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Rebecca Paisley, Rebecca H. Fitzgerald, Emma Rhodes, Lauren N. Schaefer, Paul A. Ashwell, Pablo Forte, Gilles Seropian, Brent V. Alloway
A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-021-01441-8
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Mineralogical and geochemical investigation of megaspherulites from Argentina, Germany, and the USA Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-19 Christoph Breitkreuz, Jens Götze, Alexandra Weißmantel
Textures and whole-rock chemistry, as well as mineral composition, were analyzed in megaspherulites (high-temperature crystallization domains [HTCDs]) that formed in different geographical and geotectonic contexts and during different geological periods (Silver Cliff, CO, USA—Paleogene; El Quevar, Argentina—Miocene; Meissen Volcanic Complex, Germany—Late Carboniferous). All of these megaspherulites
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Green core clinopyroxenes from basanites of Petpenoun volcanoes, Noun Plain, Cameroon volcanic line: chemistry and genesis Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-15 Luc Achille Ziem à Bidias, Hiredya Chauhan, Ram Mohan Mekala, N. V. Chalapathi Rao
Green core clinopyroxenes are reported from the basanites of the Petpenoun volcanoes of the Noun Plain, in the Cameroon volcanic line (CVL). These clinopyroxenes have augite and/or diopside rims and mantles, and green cores with variable chemical composition. Compositionally, three kinds of green cores are distinguished: (i) wollastonite-hedenbergite cores (green core I); (ii) diopside cores (green
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Evolution of the calc-alkaline magma feeding system of the Komakusadaira pyroclastics in Zao volcano, NE Japan Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-02-04 Mirai Takebe, Masao Ban, Yuki Nishi
We examined the evolution of the magma feeding system at Zao volcano (NE Japan) during seven episodes of Komakusadaira pyroclastic activity (ca. 33–12.9 ka). The rocks, which are calc-alkaline and medium-K basaltic andesite to andesite (54.9–59.5% SiO2), are herein suggested to have been derived from two main magmatic end-members: silicic andesite magma (59~60% SiO2, 940~970°C, cpx-opx-plg as phenocrysts)
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Silicic conduits as supersized tuffisites: Clastogenic influences on shifting eruption styles at Cordón Caulle volcano (Chile) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-27 C. Ian Schipper, Jonathan M. Castro, Ben M. Kennedy, Hugh Tuffen, Jack Whattam, Fabian B. Wadsworth, Rebecca Paisley, Rebecca H. Fitzgerald, Emma Rhodes, Lauren N. Schaefer, Paul A. Ashwell, Pablo Forte, Gilles Seropian, Brent V. Alloway
Understanding the processes that drive explosive-effusive transitions during large silicic eruptions is crucial to hazard mitigation. Conduit models usually treat magma ascent and degassing as a gradual, unidirectional progression from bubble nucleation through magmatic fragmentation. However, there is growing evidence for the importance of bi-directional clastogenic processes that sinter fragmented
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Near-real-time volcanic cloud monitoring: insights into global explosive volcanic eruptive activity through analysis of Volcanic Ash Advisories Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 S. Engwell, L. Mastin, A. Tupper, J. Kibler, P. Acethorp, G. Lord, R. Filgueira
Understanding the location, intensity, and likely duration of volcanic hazards is key to reducing risk from volcanic eruptions. Here, we use a novel near-real-time dataset comprising Volcanic Ash Advisories (VAAs) issued over 10 years to investigate global rates and durations of explosive volcanic activity. The VAAs were collected from the nine Volcanic Ash Advisory Centres (VAACs) worldwide. Information
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Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira: a review of volcanic activity in the Kivu rift, western branch of the East African Rift System Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-21 André Pouclet, Kurt Bram
Nyiragongo and Nyamuragira are two active volcanoes of the Western branch of the East African Rift in the Virunga area. They were built at the Kivu rift axis ca. 12,000 years ago and set above two tectonic steps separated by the Kameronze Fault. Both volcanoes have displayed a succession of intra-crater and flank eruptions that have been observed and documented since the end of the nineteenth century
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Growth and collapse of the 2018–2019 lava dome of Merapi volcano Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Karim Kelfoun, Agus Budi Santoso, Thierry Latchimy, Martial Bontemps, Ilham Nurdien, François Beauducel, Ali Fahmi, Raditya Putra, Nabil Dahamna, Antoine Laurin, Mochammad Husni Rizal, Jatmika Teja Sukmana, Valentin Gueugneau
Lava dome collapses are a major threat to the population living near such volcanoes. However, it is not possible to forecast collapses reliably because the mechanisms are not clearly understood, due partly to the lack of continuous observations of such events. To address this need for field data, we have developed new monitoring stations, which are adapted to the volcanic environment. The stations
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Evidence for deep gas loss in open volcanic systems Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Marielle Collombet, Alain Burgisser, Mathieu Colombier, Elizabeth Gaunt
Previous studies of Vulcanian eruptive products have shown that the respective volcanic conduits were filled for the most part with low-porosity magma (i.e., < 10 vol%) prior to eruption. Comparison with the theoretical porosity distribution expected from closed-system degassing suggests that gas loss must have taken place at depth within the magmatic column (between 3 and 5 km). At such high pressures
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Formation of dense pyroclasts by sintering of ash particles during the preclimactic eruptions of Mt. Pinatubo in 1991 Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 Yining Wang, James E. Gardner, Richard P. Hoblitt
Dense, vitric, dacitic pyroclasts (dacite lithics) from the 1991 preclimactic explosions of Mt. Pinatubo were analyzed for their vesicular and crystal textures and dissolved H2O and CO2 contents. Micron-scale heterogeneities in groundmass glass volatile contents (0.9 wt% differences in H2O within 500 μm) are observed and argue that parts of the dacite lithics equilibrated at different depths before
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Volcanic facies as a guide to the palaeodepth and palaeotectonic setting of ancient oceanic crust: the case of the Nidar ophiolite, Ladakh, Indian Trans-Himalaya Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-09 Alok Kumar, Hetu Sheth, Prasenjit Barman, Mohd Ibrahim
Ophiolites, found in orogenic belts, are slices of ancient oceanic lithosphere obducted on land during continental collision and ocean closure. They provide valuable insights into submarine volcanological and petrological processes. Palaeotectonic interpretations of ophiolites have heavily depended on geochemical data, despite the considerable submarine alteration and even metamorphism commonly observed
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Mechanism of the historical and the ongoing Vulcanian eruptions of Ebeko volcano, Northern Kuriles Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 A. Belousov, M. Belousova, A. Auer, T. R. Walter, T. Kotenko
Ebeko is one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc, producing frequent mild Vulcanian explosions with eruption clouds up to 5 km high. The volcano poses a serious threat to the Severo-Kurilsk town with a population of around 2500 inhabitants, located at a distance of only 7 km on a fan of the volcano’s laharic deposits. Here, we report an overview of the activity of the volcano in the
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Volcanic activity and gas emissions along the South Sandwich Arc Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 Emma J. Liu, Kieran Wood, Alessandro Aiuppa, Gaetano Giudice, Marcello Bitetto, Tobias P. Fischer, Brendan T. McCormick Kilbride, Terry Plank, Tom Hart
The South Sandwich Volcanic Arc is one of the most remote and enigmatic arcs on Earth. Sporadic observations from rare cloud-free satellite images—and even rarer in situ reports—provide glimpses into a dynamic arc system characterised by persistent gas emissions and frequent eruptive activity. Our understanding of the state of volcanic activity along this arc is incomplete compared to arcs globally
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Tsunamis from prospected mass failure on the Marsili submarine volcano flanks and hints for tsunami hazard evaluation Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 G. Gallotti, F. Zaniboni, G. Pagnoni, C. Romagnoli, F. Gamberi, M. Marani, S. Tinti
The Marsili Seamount (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) is the largest submarine volcano in the Mediterranean Sea, located in the middle of the Marsili Basin, facing the Calabrian and Sicilian coasts on its eastern side, and the coasts of Sardinia on the opposite side. It has erupted in historical times, and its summit crest is affected by widespread hydrothermal activity. This study looks at mass failures taking
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The summer 2019 basaltic Vulcanian eruptions (paroxysms) of Stromboli Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 G. Giordano, G. De Astis
Stromboli is an active, open conduit mafic volcano, whose persistent mild Strombolian activity is occasionally punctuated by much stronger explosions, known as paroxysms. During summer 2019, the volcano unexpectedly produced one such paroxysm on July 3, followed by intense explosive and intermittent effusive activity culminating in a second paroxysm on August 28. Visual observations and the analysis
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Using the characteristics of rootless cone deposits to estimate the energetics of explosive lava–water interactions Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Erin P. Fitch, Sarah A. Fagents
During volcanic eruptions, the interaction of magma and groundwater can produce thermohydraulic explosions capable of significantly increasing the eruption energy. The most well-known mechanism by which explosive magma–water interactions occur, molten fuel–coolant interaction (MFCI), is a complex series of macro- and microscale processes which have been simulated using laboratory-scale experiments
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Basaltic phreatomagmatic fissure at 71 Gulch Part 1: sediment magma mingling and eruptive behavior Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 K. L. Bennis, A. H. Graettinger
71 Gulch Volcano, located in the western Snake River Plain, southwestern Idaho (USA), was formed by a basaltic fissure eruption into Pliocene Lake Idaho. Deposits at and below the eruptive surface record the nature of explosive and non-explosive sediment-magma and water-magma interactions. The paleoenvironment and the volcanic plumbing system of 71 Gulch eruption were reconstructed from a detailed
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Basaltic phreatomagmatic fissure at 71 Gulch Part 2: unusual pyroclasts from sediment magma mingling and melting Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-27 Alison Graettinger, K.L. Bennis, B. Brand, E. Reynolds, Joseph Nolan
The behavior of magma as it encounters unconsolidated sediment can be studied in fortuitous exposures of incised volcanic systems to help determine the conditions that control the transport, arrest, or mingling of that magma in the sediment. The Pliocene subaqueous basaltic fissure at 71 Gulch, Idaho, USA contains unusual light-colored glassy mingled clasts that were produced through the incorporation
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Decrypting silicic magma/plug fragmentation at Azufral crater lake, Northern Andes: insights from fine to extremely fine ash morpho-chemistry Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 Natalia Pardo, Jose D. Avellaneda, Juanita Rausch, David Jaramillo-Vogel, Mariana Gutiérrez, Anneleen Foubert
Azufral (SW Colombia) is a dangerous silicic volcano hosting a crater lake, which serves as an excellent example of an incipient plug disruption through phreatomagmatism. We studied the youngest succession of dilute pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) onlapping the north-eastern crater rim. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to carry out an automated
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Rheological change and degassing during a trachytic Vulcanian eruption at Kilian Volcano, Chaîne des Puys, France Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Mathieu Colombier, Thomas Shea, Alain Burgisser, Timothy H. Druitt, Lucia Gurioli, Dirk Müller, Francisco Cáceres, Kai-Uwe Hess, Pierre Boivin, Didier Miallier, Donald B. Dingwell
Magma ascent during silicic dome-forming eruptions is characterized by significant changes in magma viscosity, permeability, and gas overpressure in the conduit. These changes depend on a set of parameters such as ascent rate, outgassing and crystallization efficiency, and magma viscosity, which in turn may influence the prevailing conditions for effusive versus explosive activity. Here, we combine
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Hydrothermal eruption dynamics reflecting vertical variations in host rock geology and geothermal alteration, Champagne Pool, Wai-o-tapu, New Zealand Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-14 Anna Gallagher, Cristian Montanaro, Shane Cronin, Bradley Scott, Donald B. Dingwell, Bettina Scheu
Hydrothermal eruptions are characterised by violent explosions ejecting steam, water, mud, and rock. They pose a risk to tourism and the operation of power plants in geothermal areas around the world. Large events with a severe destructive threat are often intensified by the injection of magmatic fluids along faults and fractures within volcano-tectonic rifting environments, such as the Taupo Volcanic
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Modelling pyroclastic density currents from a subplinian eruption at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (West Indies, France) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 Tomaso Esposti Ongaro, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Yoann Legendre, Augusto Neri
We have used a three-dimensional, non-equilibrium multiphase flow numerical model to simulate subplinian eruption scenarios at La Soufrière de Guadeloupe (Lesser Antilles, France). Initial and boundary conditions for computer simulations were set on the basis of independent estimates of eruption source parameters (i.e. mass eruption rate, volatile content, temperature, grain size distribution) from
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The interaction between concentrated pyroclastic density currents and snow: a case study from the 2008 mixed-avalanche from Volcán Llaima (Chile) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 E. C. P. Breard, Eliza S. Calder, Dawn C.S. Ruth
The incorporation of snow and ice by pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) can generate mixed-avalanches and pose significant hazards at snow-clad volcanoes. Commonly, the poor preservation of these thin deposits, combined with the subtle characteristics of PDC-snow interaction, has limited their recognition in the geological record. A small-volume (2.5 × 105 m3), basaltic-andesite, mixed-avalanche deposit
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Eruptive history of La Poruña scoria cone, Central Andes, Northern Chile Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-28 Carolina Marín, Inés Rodríguez, Benigno Godoy, Osvaldo González-Maurel, Petrus Le Roux, Eduardo Medina, Daniel Bertín
New stratigraphic, lithological and petrographic analyses of La Poruña scoria cone (21° 53′ S-68° 30′ W, Central Andes, northern Chile) allow the reconstruction of the eruptive sequence of this monogenetic cone. Petrographic and lithological characteristics allow us to identify three main lithostratigraphic units at La Poruña scoria cone. The first unit consists of agglutinated lapilli, spatter beds
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Effects in North Africa of the 934–940 CE Eldgjá and 1783–1784 CE Laki eruptions (Iceland) revealed by previously unrecognized written sources Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Vermondo Brugnatelli, Alessandro Tibaldi
In historic times, two catastrophic fissure eruptions originated in the Eastern Volcanic Zone of Iceland, known as Eldgjá eruption (934–940 CE) and Laki eruption (1783–1784 CE). Eldgjá produced 19.7 km3 of lava flows and 1.3 km3 of tephra; Laki emitted 14.7 km3 of lavas and 0.4 km3 of tephra. They released 232 and 122 megatons of SO2 into the atmosphere, respectively. Abundant historic descriptions
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Petrology and geochemistry of three Early Holocene eruptions from Makushin Volcano, Alaska Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 J. F. Larsen, Janet Schaefer, J. W. Vallance, O. K. Neill
Makushin stratovolcano, Alaska, produced three, highly explosive, andesitic eruptions between ~ 9292 and 6215 yBP. Those eruptions are informally named the CFE (“crater-forming eruption”), Nateekin, and Driftwood Pumice, and they deposited significant tephra fallout in the present-day port of Dutch Harbor and City of Unalaska area. The focus of this study is to examine the geochemistry and petrology
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Paleomagnetic constraints on a time-stratigraphic framework for the evolution of Ohachidaira volcano and the summit caldera, central Hokkaido, Japan Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-10 Yuki Yasuda, Eiichi Sato, Keiko Suzuki-Kamata
We present a revised stratigraphy of the proximal deposits around Ohachidaira volcano and their paleomagnetic directions obtained from 21 sites (193 samples). We identify four proximal pyroclastic members from Ohachidaira volcano that were produced after the early edifice-building effusive volcanism, from older to younger: (1) vent-opening mafic pyroclastic density current (PDC) deposits (Kobachidaira
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Spatiotemporal variations in eruption style and magnitude at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu: part 2—extending Strombolian eruption classifications Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Benjamin Clifford Simons, S. J. Cronin, J. D. Eccles, A. D. Jolly, E. Garaebiti, S. Cevuard
In this companion study to Simons et al. (Bull Volcanol 82, 2020a), we examine Strombolian style explosive activity at Yasur (Vanuatu) over 11 weeks via seismic, thermal-infrared and visual observations. In part 1 of this study (Simons et al., Bull Volcanol 82, 2020a), we investigated the link between variations in the surface expression and style of volcanism at Yasur in relation to vent, shallow
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Evidence for primitive magma storage and eruption following prolonged equilibration in thickened crust Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-09 Heather Winslow, Philipp Ruprecht, Mark Stelten, Alvaro Amigo
In continental arcs, the exposure of primitive eruptive products at the surface is typically a result of rapid magmatic transfer through the crust. As a result, the initially primitive magma experiences minimal crustal residence and thus insignificant differentiation towards more evolved products. This rapid transfer of primitive magma through thickened crust is commonly recorded from smaller, monogenetic
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Release characteristics of overpressurised gas from complex vents: implications for volcanic hazards Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Markus Schmid, Ulrich Kueppers, Valeria Cigala, Jörn Sesterhenn, Donald B. Dingwell
Many explosive volcanic eruptions produce underexpanded starting gas-particle jets. The dynamics of the accompanying pyroclast ejection can be affected by several parameters, including magma texture, gas overpressure, erupted volume and geometry. With respect to the latter, volcanic craters and vents are often highly asymmetrical. Here, we experimentally evaluate the effect of vent asymmetry on gas
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Deep-sea fragmentation style of Havre revealed by dendrogrammatic analyses of particle morphometry Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 T. Dürig, J. D. L. White, B. Zimanowski, R. Büttner, A. Murch, R. J. Carey
In 2012, the eruption of deep-sea volcano Havre produced an abundance of fine ash at a depth of ~ 1000 m below sea level. In this study the 2D shapes of Havre ash grains retrieved from the seafloor were compared quantitatively with those of particles generated in a suite of different fragmentation experiments, which used remelted rhyolitic rock and pumice from the eruption site. A new statistical data
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Can destabilization rims of hydrous minerals be used to constrain magma ascent kinetics at lava dome volcanoes? Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-09-26 Lydéric France
Time constraints on igneous processes related to eruption triggering, e.g., magma mixing or ascent in the conduit, are needed in any risk mitigation attempt. In this context, magma ascent rate and kinetics are key parameters as they may correspond to the response time available to civil protection during volcanic unrest. Several tools available to quantify such durations include diffusion chronometry
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Estimating eruptive parameters and related uncertainties for pyroclastic density currents deposits: worked examples from Somma-Vesuvius (Italy) Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-08-26 Raffaello Cioni, Alessandro Tadini, Lucia Gurioli, Antonella Bertagnini, Maurizio Mulas, Andrea Bevilacqua, Augusto Neri
The quantification of the maximum runout, invaded area, volume, and total grain-size distribution (TGSD) of pyroclastic density currents (PDC) is a critically important task because such parameters represent the needed necessary input quantities for physical modeling and hazard assessment of PDCs. In this work, new and well-established methods for the quantification of these parameters are applied
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Simulation of post-volcanic eruption time variant land use and economic impacts in the Auckland region of New Zealand Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-08-11 Robert J. Cardwell, Garry W. McDonald, Liam M. Wotherspoon
Current impact assessment methods do not have the capability to simulate the impacts of volcanic eruptions in both high-resolution spatial detail and as they vary through time under the economic structures of post-hazard event scenarios. We couple a land use change model and an economic model that can simulate post-hazard event economies and the impacts that occur over a 4-year period following a hypothetical
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Variability of ash deposits at Piton de la Fournaise (La Reunion Island): insights into fragmentation processes at basaltic shield volcanoes Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-08-06 Simon Thivet, Lucia Gurioli, Andrea Di Muro, Julia Eychenne, Pascale Besson, Jean-Marie Nedelec
It is commonly accepted that effusive activity emplaces the main emitted magmatic volume in basaltic shield volcanoes. At Piton de La Fournaise (La Réunion Island, France), eruptive activity occurs mostly within the non-populated Enclos Fouqué caldera and generally does not pose any risk to the population. However, historical observations, recent monitoring data, and field work on tephra deposits suggest
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Characteristics of rootless cone tephra emplaced by high-energy lava–water explosions Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-07-29 Erin P. Fitch, Sarah A. Fagents
The effects of external water during hydrovolcanic eruptions are difficult to quantify; however, research investigating the explosive interactions between surface lava flows and water has provided new insights into explosion dynamics. Previous work has focused on relatively low-energy lava–water explosions from a 100-m-diameter cone in the Rauðhólar cone group in Iceland. For comparison, we study ejecta
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Transient mantle cooling linked to regional volcanic shut-down and early rifting in the North Atlantic Igneous Province Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-07-27 J. M. Millett, M. J. Hole, D. W. Jolley, S. R. Passey, L. Rossetti
The Paleocene to Early Eocene Faroe Islands Basalt Group (FIBG) comprises a c. 6.5-km-thick lava flow–dominated sequence located within the centre of the North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP). The currently defined pre-breakup and syn-breakup sequences of the FIBG are separated by a significant volcanic hiatus, during which time the coal-bearing Prestfjall Formation was deposited. This major volcanic
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Spatiotemporal variations in eruption style, magnitude and vent morphology at Yasur volcano, Vanuatu: insights into the conduit system Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-07-03 B. C. Simons, S. J. Cronin, J. D. Eccles, M. S. Bebbington, A. D. Jolly
Using visual, seismic, SO2-gas and thermal infrared data collected over 3 months, we observed systematic variations in the steady-state Strombolian-style activity of Yasur volcano. Observations reveal insights into the relationship between explosion magnitude and style with shallow conduit and magmatic conditions. Powerful eruptive phases are dominated by lava-rich activity, suggesting a high magma
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Late Cenozoic columnar-jointed basaltic lavas in eastern and southeastern China: morphologies, structures, and formation mechanisms Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-07-01 Yongquan Li, Jianzhong Liu
Late Cenozoic basaltic lavas in eastern and southeastern China commonly display spectacular columnar joints. In four volcanic fields in this region, we have observed and classified five types of colonnade (vertical, inclined, horizontal, fanning upwards, and fanning downwards) that provide information on the cooling regime and emplacement mechanism of the lava flows. In total, we analyzed the geometry
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Geochemistry of gas and water discharge from the magmatic-hydrothermal system of Guallatiri volcano, northern Chile Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-27 Manuel Inostroza, Franco Tassi, Felipe Aguilera, José Pablo Sepúlveda, Francesco Capecchiacci, Stefania Venturi, Giorgio Capasso
This work presents the first chemical and isotopic (δ13C-CO2, δ13C-CH4, 3He, 4He, 20Ne, 40Ar, 36Ar, δ18O, and δD) data for fluid discharges from Guallatiri volcano, a remote and massive stratovolcano, which is considered as the second most active volcano of the Central Volcanic Zone (CVZ) in northern Chile. Fumarolic gases had outlet temperatures of between 80.2 and 265 °C, and showed a significant
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Probabilistic hazard maps for operational use: the case of SO 2 air pollution during the Holuhraun eruption (Bárðarbunga, Iceland) in 2014–2015 Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-20 Sara Barsotti
The Holuhraun fissure eruption (Iceland) in 2014–2015, which originated from the Bárðarbunga volcanic system, was exceptional in several respects. It lasted 6 months and, throughout its duration, it released up to 9.6 Mt of SO2 in the atmosphere. The main recorded hazard affecting the entire country over the 6 months was the constant presence of a low-level gas cloud that led to recurrent air pollution
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Quantifying gas emissions associated with the 2018 rift eruption of Kīlauea Volcano using ground-based DOAS measurements Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-17 Christoph Kern, Allan H. Lerner, Tamar Elias, Patricia A. Nadeau, Lacey Holland, Peter J. Kelly, Cynthia A. Werner, Laura E. Clor, Mike Cappos
Starting on 3 May 2018, a series of eruptive fissures opened in Kīlauea Volcano’s lower East Rift Zone (LERZ). Over the course of the next 3 months, intense degassing accompanied lava effusion from these fissures. Here, we report on ground-based observations of the gas emissions associated with Kīlauea’s 2018 eruption. Visual observations combined with radiative transfer modeling show that ultraviolet
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Fractional degassing of S, Cl and F from basalt magma in the Bárðarbunga rift zone, Iceland Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-15 Olgeir Sigmarsson, Séverine Moune, Pierre-Jean Gauthier
The composition of gas emitted from a volcano producing basalt magma can vary during an eruption and according to the volcano-tectonic setting of the degassing vents. Post-eruptive filter-pack gas samples from the 2014–2015 Holuhraun crater in the Bárðarbunga rift zone have lower ratios of S over halogens (Cl and F) and elevated F/Cl (~ 50 times lower S/Cl and ~ 5 times higher F/Cl; mass ratios) compared
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Pulsating flow dynamics of sustained, forced pyroclastic density currents: insights from a facies analysis of the Campo de la Piedra Pómez ignimbrite, southern Puna, Argentina Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-09 Walter Báez, Shanaka de Silva, Agostina Chiodi, Emilce Bustos, Guido Giordano, Marcelo Arnosio, Nestor Suzaño, José Germán Viramonte, Gianluca Norini, Gianluca Groppelli
The Quaternary Campo de la Piedra Pomez ignimbrite (CPPI) is a superbly exposed, partially indurated, rhyolitic ignimbrite emplaced on the southern Puna of Argentina. It is characterized by a variety of facies that record in unprecedented detail the flow dynamics of the parent pyroclastic density currents (PDCs). Detailed facies analysis and internal architecture defined using a sequential stratigraphy
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A framework for validation and benchmarking of pyroclastic current models Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-03 T. Esposti Ongaro, M. Cerminara, S. J. Charbonnier, G. Lube, G. A. Valentine
Numerical models of pyroclastic currents are widely used for fundamental research and for hazard and risk modeling that supports decision-making and crisis management. Because of their potential high impact, the credibility and adequacy of models and simulations needs to be assessed by means of an established, consensual validation process. To define a general validation framework for pyroclastic current
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Spatio-temporal hazard estimation in the central silicic part of Taupo Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, based on small to medium volume eruptions Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-06-01 Szabolcs Kósik, Mark Bebbington, Károly Németh
We explore how volcanic hazards in a silicic volcanism-dominated caldera systems can be assessed by spatial and spatio-temporal statistical models using similar treatment to that applied to dispersed mafic monogenetic volcanic fields. The central part of the Taupo Volcanic Zone is an ideal location for such study, containing more than 300 small to medium volume eruptions identified as having occurred
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Spatter stability: constraining accumulation rates and temperature conditions with experimental bomb morphology Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-30 E. Rader, R. S. Wysocki, J. Heldmann, K. Harpp, M. Bosselait, M. Myers
We have developed the first experimental methodology to create a volcanic spatter pile using molten basalt. This method permits reproduction of thermal conditions that yield the wide variety of spatter morphologies observed in nature. The morphology of the clasts is most strongly controlled by the time the clast spends above the glass transition temperature, which is in turn affected by the rate of
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Late-stage groundmass differentiation as a record of magma stagnation, fragmentation, and rewelding Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-28 Mayumi Mujin, Michihiko Nakamura
In the 2011 eruption of Shinmoedake of the Kirishima volcano group, sub-Plinian eruptions were followed by lava extrusion with intermittent Vulcanian explosions. The interstices of microlites and relatively large nanolites (> 0.4 nm width) in the groundmass of pyroclasts (“groundmass interstices”) were studied to reveal shallow magmatic processes that lead to different eruption styles. The pumice of
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Seismic velocity variations associated with the 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea, Hawaiʻi Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-20 Ashton F. Flinders, Corentin Caudron, Ingrid A. Johanson, Taka’aki Taira, Brian Shiro, Matthew Haney
The 2018 lower East Rift Zone eruption of Kīlauea (Hawai‘i) marked a dramatic change in the volcano’s 35-year-long rift zone eruption. The collapse of the middle East Rift Zone vent Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō was followed by one of the volcano’s most voluminous eruptions in 500 years. Over the course of this 3-month eruption, the draining of summit-stored magma led to near-daily collapses of a portion of the caldera
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Local magnitude, coda magnitude, and radiated energy of volcanic tectonic earthquakes from October 2010 to December 2011 at Sinabung volcano, Indonesia Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-18 Afnimar, Wendy Anne McCausland, Nimas Nurul Hamidah, Kristianto, Ahmad Basuki, Novianti Indrastuti
In August 2010, Sinabung volcano began erupting after more than a thousand years of dormancy. Following several weeks of phreatic eruptions, the eruptions ceased and Sinabung entered what became an inter-eruptive period of dominantly seismic unrest. While standard equations for understanding the size of an earthquake (local magnitude (ML), coda magnitude (MC), and seismic energy release (ER)) have
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Accumulation of rhyolite magma and triggers for a caldera-forming eruption of the Aira Caldera, Japan Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-16 Nobuo Geshi, Ikuko Yamada, Keiko Matsumoto, Ayumu Nishihara, Isoji Miyagi
The sudden destabilization of voluminous magma after stable accumulation in a crustal magma chamber is a key process in the sequence of a catastrophic caldera-forming eruption. We investigated the petrological characteristics of magma that has erupted before, during and after the caldera-forming eruption of the Aira Caldera, Japan. This provides an example of the evolution of a rhyolite magma system
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Genesis of megaspherulites in El Viejo Rhyolitic Coulee (Pleistocene), Southern Puna, Argentina Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-14 Emilce Bustos, Walter Ariel Báez, Lorenzo Bardelli, Jocelyn McPhie, Alfonso Sola, Agostina Chiodi, Valeria Simón, Marcelo Arnosio
Crystalline domains in rhyolitic domes and coulees are commonly characterized by spherulites and lithophysae. Spherulites typically range from microscopic to a few centimeters in diameter. Larger spherulites, termed “megaspherulites,” are rare but have been reported in the USA and Mexico. The uncommon nature of such structures supports the need for a study to explore the factors and special conditions
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Widespread rheomorphic and lava-like silicic ignimbrites overlying flood basalts in the northwestern and northern Deccan Traps Bull. Volcanol. (IF 2.032) Pub Date : 2020-05-11 Janisar M. Sheikh, Hetu Sheth, Anmol Naik, Tanmay Keluskar
The physical volcanology of widespread rhyolites and dacites overlying flood basalt lavas in the northwestern and northern parts of the 65.5-Ma Deccan Traps, India, is poorly known. We show that these are not lava flows but high-grade (welded and rheomorphic) to extremely high-grade (lava-like) ignimbrites deposited by pyroclastic density currents. Evidence for this interpretation includes the following:
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