In geotechnical engineering, the skirt shape is used to improve the load-settlement characteristics of eccentrically loaded shallow footings. The vertical and horizontal insertions of the rigid footing yield extra resistance for overturning and sliding caused by eccentricity. Different settlements and tilts in the footings can be formed by these types of loadings. In this study, the ultimate loads

To study the evolution of pore structure in red clay during triaxial shear, nuclear magnetic resonance tests were performed on soil samples to determine their pore characteristics after undergoing different shear strains during triaxial consolidated undrained shear tests under different confining pressures. The results showed that the effects of confining pressure and shear on the intragranular pores

The correlation between soil thermal resistivity and its main influencing factors was analyzed by reviewing the literature. To obtain an accurate prediction model of soil and carbonaceous rock thermal resistivity, the neural network feedback analysis technology was utilized and a prediction model developed. The laboratory results verify the effectiveness and superiority of the model. Dry density, saturation

The article shows that the use of the normal distribution for statistical processing of the results of mechanical testing of soils, in particular, when determining the bearing capacity of piles in terms of soil, can lead, in case of a small number of tests and the presence of outliers in the experimental data, to an illegal underestimation of the calculated indicator to values less than the minimum

The article shows that if the model proposed by A. Z. Ter-Martirosyan is used to describe shear deformations in a soil medium, and the Kelvin-Voigt model is used to describe volume deformations, the calculated settlement-time dependence is nonlinear and has a double curvature. The article presents an analytical solution to the problems of predicting settlement and long-term bearing capacity of a base

We studied the infrared radiation (IR) characteristics of sandstone cracks with different water contents. We propose a new IR-based method to distinguish the initial development and damage point of cracks. The maximum variation of IR variance shows a quadratic relationship with water content. By defining crack initiation and damage using a stiffness stress curve, it can be concluded that the crack

This article provides basic information about the automated system Monitron developed at the Research Center "Tonnelnaya assotsiatsiya" and "Sigma Tau" as well as integrated systems for measuring vibrations and the stress-strain state of structures. This article also presents application of Monitron in a sometypical tunneling facilities.

In the present paper, improvements to a normative technique for calculating the deformations of plastic-frozen soils are proposed by substituting nonlinearly (power-law) time-dependent deformation modulus Et for the usual deformation modulus E. The proposed method adequately accounts for the effect of long-term creep and nonlinearity in stresses. Power-law parameters are determined according to a special

In this study, we conducted three-dimensional finite element analysis of the uplift bearing capacity of rock-socketed piles using ABAQUS FE software. After verifying the reliability of the numerical model, a large number of numerical calculations were performed by varying parameters including rock-socketed depth, pile length, pile diameter, and elastic modulus of the pile shaft to analyze their effect

Electric vertical drains (electrokinetic geosynthetics with filtration, drainage, reinforcement, and electrical conductivity function) have been used as electrodes and vertical drains in the treatment of soft clay by vacuum preloading combined with electroosmosis. A series of laboratory model tests was performed to investigate the possibility of optimizing the electroosmosis approach in terms of effectiveness

A probabilistic slope stability assessment under seismic conditions was conducted based on the generalized Hoek-Brown criterion. The slopes on the left bank of the Mzymta River were investigated in this study. The failure probabilities were presented for various slope angles. Probabilistic analysis revealed the dependence of Hoek-Brown parameters on safety factor. The results show that the biggest

The problem of comparing thermosyphons in terms of engineering solutions used for cooling the pile foundations of residential buildings in the regions of the Far North is considered. For comparison, specific self-cooling units (SCU) of two types were selected, including liquid SCU 1 with a pipe diameter of 120 mm and a vapor-liquid SCU 2 with a pipe diameter of 50 mm. Simple analytical calculations

To effectively control the collapse risk of unstable rock masses, an attribute recognition model for risk assessment of unstable rock mass on high-steep slopes is established using attribute mathematical theory. The lithology, geologic structural, slope gradient, slope shape, rainfall, slope, vegetation, and human activity are selected as risk assessment indices with grading criteria of each index

In the present paper, the seismic response of cohesive-frictional soil slope has been investigated in the time-domain by using the 1995 Kobe earthquake records. A 2-dimensional dynamic finite element model has been developed in the plain-strain condition by considering the elastic perfectly plastic Mohr-Coulomb soil model criterion. The analysis simulates maximum horizontal and vertical seismic accelerations

Steps in the calculation of massive (particularly, columnar) foundations under vibroactive equipment with a horizontally-directed disturbing force are analyzed. An estimation of the soil reactions under the horizontal displacement of the foundation top is made, and the equations of horizontal-rotational vibrations of the object are solved. The calculation method uses transfer and impulse transition

A solution for determining the active pressure of a soil massif enclosed between two parallel walls is proposed.

This article presents the results of a numerical analysis of the effect of crushed stone piles on the development of negative friction forces along the lateral surface of a single working pile; the forces are caused by the compaction of the surrounding soil due to the overloading of its surface. The adopted three-dimensional model was verified by comparing the results obtained with the published results

We used three-dimensional finite element analysis to simulate an X-shaped cast-in-situ concrete (XCC) pile-supported embankment with asphalt pavement under the load of moving vehicles. We investigated the dynamic stress transfer mechanism, the trapping effect of the embankment and XCC piles, and the asymmetric distribution of dynamic stress around an XCC pile. The results show that the embankment and

The stability of shallow soil slope was analyzed considering the wetting front within the slope during rainfall. The slope failure model (composed of an upper arc, a straight part in the middle, and a lower arc) was determined according to the unsaturated soil mechanics and Mohr-Coulomb criterion. The drag force due to slope runoff was embedded in the calculation of safety factor. The failure mode

The article presents the results of the analysis and assessment of the conditions for the construction of buildings and structures on areas with gas-generating soils at the base. The factors affecting the safety and durability of the protection of objects constructed on such areas from the ingress of soil gases in case of complete or partial removal of gas-generating soils are analyzed. A list of problems

In this study, based on the analysis of structural strength of loess, a new understanding of the structural properties of loess and the quantitative concepts of the bonding structural strength and the friction structural strength are proposed. Some new and accurate dynamic structural parameters of loess were suggested, such as the link structural dynamic strength potential parameter, the friction structural

In this study, an unstable rock slope has been investigated. To evaluate the stability of the pentahedral rock wedge with multi-slip surfaces, an approach based on the limit equilibrium method has been used. The slope has been divided into two parts for the establishment of the model: an upper wedge block and a lower pentahedron block. Namely, a three-dimensional space problem can be resolved into

Axial compressive capacity estimations determined from pile load tests (PLTs) are compared with theoretical methods for 13 rock-socketed cast-in-situ concrete piles constructed for different projects in Pakistan. Rock strata encountered at the project sites were mostly shale, siltstone, and sandstone. Rock quality designation (RQD) values fall within 20% to 50%, indicating that the rock mass is in

To investigate the water retention characteristics of weak expansive soil, the full suction range was determined for soil samples with different initial void ratios prepared according to the slurry consolidation method. Differences in water retention characteristics between samples prepared using slurry consolidation methods and those prepared using compaction in a previous study were investigated

The possibility of using a heat-insulated underfloor space with controlled temperature for low-rise buildings on pile foundations in permafrost conditions is considered. A predictive dynamic thermal model of the underlying soils for construction on pile foundations employing various types of underfloor space is presented. The calculation model of the interaction between the building and foundation

The analytical solution of the problem of the bearing capacity of the soil base and the foundation settlement of a limited width is presented, considering the soil’s own weight and residual stresses (in the presence of over-compacted soils). The Flamant’s solutions (plane problem) are used for the stress state calculation. The Hencky’s equations are used to determine the stress − strain relationships

This paper mainly focuses on the comparison between the calculated value and actual value of the pile deformation, pile top displacement, and internal support axial force during the excavation of the deep foundation pit, and the influence of excavation method on the deformation. A three-dimensional space model is built using the finite element software MIDAS/GTS to simulate the excavation process of

The possibility of dynamic damping of vibrations is considered for massive structures on non-rock bases. The main feature of the structures under consideration is the large dissipation of vibrational energy due to its radiation into the base. The following models of the soil base are considered: normative model used in Russian norms for calculating foundations, a homogeneous, elastic, inertial half-space

Several full-scale in-tray stamp tests of the pond ash road embankment model were carried out under static and dynamic loading conditions. Based on the results, equations were proposed and verified for predicting the major principal stresses at different depths in the ash roadbed, depending on the degree of compaction, humidity, own weight of the technogenic soil, and type of the external load application

The article considers the behavior of pile foundations of buildings constructed on permafrost soils with the preservation of the frozen state, depending on the methods of cooling the base: surface cooling using a cold underfloor space and deep cooling using the seasonal cooling devices (SCD) located along the perimeter of the building together with effective thermal insulation of the base. It is shown

To clarify some of the inconsistencies in the research of equivalent diameter of PVDs, we constructed 3-D consolidation models of PVDs and sand drains using ABAQUS and compared models with and without sand drain resistance. When the sand drain resistance was included in the model, the equivalent diameters of the sand drains were 30, 65, 78, and 100 mm (for a 100-mm-wide, 4-mm-thick PVD) corresponding

In order to solve the problems of the monitoring methods in the construction of soil-cement mixing piles, a construction quality monitoring and evaluating system was developed. The technology can realize automatic collection, uploading, and storage of construction data, which ensures the construction data true and reliable, and can effectively control the construction quality of soil-cement mixing

A Triaxial creep experiment was performed with Chengdu clay. The results demonstrate that the deformation of clay includes instantaneous elastic strain, attenuated creep deformation, steady creep deformation, and accelerated creep deformation. In view of the nonlinear properties of creep, an improved nonlinear viscous element describing attenuating creep and an improved fractional order viscous element

Experimental results revealed correlations between the mechanical, electrical, and acoustic characteristics of frozen soils (sand and loam) of massive cryogenic texture and varying degrees of salinity and temperature. The study proposes a technique for predicting strength characteristics based on electrical resistivity.

In this paper, the influence of the lime content on the compaction characteristics and saturated hydraulic conductivity of lime-treated loess is studied experimentally. The test results reveal that as the maximum dry density \( \left({d}_{r_{\mathrm{max}}}\right) \) decreases, the corresponding value of optimum moisture increases with increasing lime content, and the relationship between lime content

We propose and verify the sliding failure mode in the passive zone of a foundation pit with skirt reinforcement using numerical experiments. Calculation of the passive earth pressure is based on the equilibrium condition of limited earth pressure. The advantage of this approach is that the stability of the support structure can be calculated using the shear strength parameters of undisturbed soil without

In this paper, using the finite element analysis and 3D modeling in Abaqus, the effect of different patterns of twin tunneling by the New Austrian tunneling method (NATM) on the ground surface settlement internal forces of a single pile is investigated. For this purpose, three commonly used tunneling patterns in NATM, including top heading (TH), central diaphragm wall (CDW), and sidewall drift (SD)

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of strength anisotropy in sandy samples with “anisotropic fabric” induced by compaction loading. A direct shear apparatus used is introduced. To prepare anisotropic samples, a specimen compacted to optimum water content was frozen. Six samples, each with a different shearing angle were then bored from the specimen. After boring, these samples

Based on the results of triaxial tests for sands of various particle-size distribution, a statistical assessment of the dependence of Reynolds dilatancy on the parameters of density and stress state was carried out. An improved model, which takes into account the dependence of the dilatancy angle on the current and residual void ratios and the effective stress level, is proposed. Recommendations are

The stress-strain state of buried pipelines with Π-shaped expansion bends under elastic and viscoelastic interaction with the soil is considered on the basis of real earthquakes records.

The study aims to experimentally investigate the diffusion behavior of an expanding polymer grouting material in sand, gravel, and a sand-gravel mixture. In situ grouting tests were performed using the hole-sealing grouting method. Diffusion characteristics of the polymer grouted in the sand are analyzed through numerical analysis, and the results show that diffusion mainly depends on the size of pores

This study proposes a solution to determine the passive thrust of “imperfect” prisms of soil thrust. This study also analyzes the regulatory directives for the designation of the distance between anchor supports and retaining walls.

Laboratory model test results for the ultimate load of a circular foundation resting on a sand layer of limited thickness underlain by a rigid rough base and subjected to eccentrically inclined loading are presented. The embedment ratio (to the diameter of the foundation) was varied from zero to one. The load eccentricity and inclination were varied from 0 to 0.150 and 0° to 20°, respectively. Based

A modified triaxial shear test apparatus was used to investigate the factors influencing the onset of suffusion (migration of fine particles from soil without a change in volume) and suffosion (migration of fine particles from soil with a change in volume or a local collapse of the soil structure). A new criterion was developed to predict the seepageincited internal instability phenomena of suffusion

This paper deals with a finite element analysis of heat transfer with phase change in frozen soil in terms of the transient temperature field and the thermally induced solid-solid phase transformations. By analyzing the shortcomings of the traditional finite element method in solving the phase change problem and the characteristics of the freezing process in frozen soil, the extended finite element

The results of numerical and field studies of deformations of the foundations of buildings and structures in the zone of underground construction influence during the implementation of protective measures are presented. Methods for predicting additional settlement of buildings in the surrounding development, taking into account the technology of protective measures, have been developed. Recommendations

Ground displacement is an inevitable problem in the excavation of tunnels and underground spaces near the surface. The importance of surface settlement increases with a reduction of the depth of tunnelling. In urban areas, when settlements exceed the allowed value, they can damage surface and subsurface structures. Therefore, the identification of factors that affect settlements is critical. One of

The root pile, a new type of pile foundation with a variable cross-section, is introduced. The mechanism of root piles under uplift and lateral loading and the construction process are presented and discussed. The bearing capacity of root piles under uplift loading, lateral loading, and combined uplift and lateral loading was compared with that of conventional straight piles through field loading tests

This research presents the experimental data on physical modeling of cryogenic heaving of saline soils under laboratory conditions in the external mass transfer and isothermal temperature mode. This paper also reports the regularities of frost heaving of sandy and clayey soils salinized with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate. The mechanism of the development of cryogenic heaving of saline soils is

This article presents an analysis of long-term deformation surveys of a seven-story residential building located on a site over a filled-in ravine tributary. The results of geodetic monitoring and computer simulation of the joint load of the building, its foundation slab, and the ground were used in the justification of measures necessary for ensuring accident-free operation of the building.

An evaluation method based on vector similarity is introduced to determine the sensitivity of stability factors of high fill slope under seismic action in this paper. The Euclidean similarity and cosine similarity of slope stability factors are calculated. In addition, grey relational analysis method is used to calculate the case, and the three calculation results are compared. The results show that

In the western regions of China, loess soils are widely used as fill materials in the construction of highways and building foundations. The hydraulic conductivity of this fill material is a significant parameter for initial engineering designs, but currently there are a very limited number of investigations into this aspect. In this study, a series of tests on compacted loess soils was conducted to

On the basis of experimental data on the chemical composition and concentration of highly mineralized soil solutions of the Yamal Peninsula, as well as theoretical developments, including simulation of the process of cryogenic metamorphism of solutions when the temperature and pressure conditions change, a method for estimating the corrosion activity of cryopegs to materials of foundations and underground

This article discusses the possibility of using the stress relaxation method to determine rheological characteristics of frozen soils based on a multistage test scheme under triaxial compression conditions (using a stabilometer). The analysis of the test results shows that the proposed method has good application potential.

The possibility of using the methods developed in modern applied statistics for determining the lower confidence limit for the mathematical expectation of lognormal experimental values of a mechanical characteristic of soil, i.e. its ‘calculated value’, is studied. Practical considerations are given regarding the relative benefit of using the lognormal distribution in data processing as opposed to

We have systematically studied the spatial and temporal variation characteristics of deformation and ground temperature based on measuring the values of corresponding data in the Harbin-Dalian high-speed railway roadbed. The regularity and non-uniformity of roadbed deformation distribution were analyzed based on the relationships between its values and structure type, development of freezing depth

This study investigated hydromechanical reinforcement on the stability of a vegetated slope. A test of root tensile strength was conducted to assess the root cohesion. Using the 2D finite element method, we quantified the hydromechanical effects of plants on the slope stability in terms of the factor of safety (FOS) and matric suction. Our results show that plants could increase the soil suction to

This paper formulates a mathematical model using the extrapolation of load-settlement curves with a rational function for analyzing the capacity of piles obtained from the static load test (SLT). In preliminary analyses, the extrapolation was based on the application of a number of mathematical functions that were gradually eliminated by iterative selection and filtering. The solution was obtained

Presented in this paper are investigations related to local site conditions carried out for seismic assessment of two historical structures in Macedonia: the Church of the Holy Mother of God Peribleptos dating back to the 13th Century and located in the old town of Ohrid, and the Mustafa Pasha Mosque in Skopje dating back to the 15th Century. The objective of the described procedure has been to take

This article reviews international and Russian experience in using polymer and composite pile structures. The historical development of various pile types, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the author’s classification of polymer and composite piles, are presented.