Recently Karzel and Taherian introduced the concept of a group with collinearity \((G, \kappa )\) and showed that for \(\alpha \in G \) the maps $$\begin{aligned} {{\tilde{\alpha }}}{:} \ G \rightarrow G ;~ \xi \mapsto \alpha \cdot \xi ^{-1} \cdot \alpha \end{aligned}$$ of the corresponding reflection structure \((G , {\widetilde{G}} )\), where \( {\tilde{G}} := \{{{\tilde{\gamma }}} \ | \ \gamma \in

Sonodynamic therapy was appeared as a minimally invasive treatment that is based on the use of low-intensity ultrasound waves with a chemical agent that can be activated by ultrasound (US). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hematoporphyrin (HP) and hematoporphyrin-encapsulated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (HP-MSN) with sonodynamic therapy in an animal model of breast adenocarcinoma

Swirling flows are frequently detected in nature such as combustion chambers, meteorological systems, turbomachines and their associated ducting, and cyclone separators. Due to the ability of rate type fluid to show time retardation and relaxation in their flow phenomenon. The current research is focused on the Jeffrey liquid flowing normally to a spiraling disk with constant rotation and radial stretching

The biological effects of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation (EMF) are of high importance in biological and health studies. This study aimed to find out these effects on the structure and function of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH). The rhGH was exposed to uniform mobile phone 940-MHz EMFs for 45 min and then characterized by circular dichroism (CD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta

3C protease is one of the most important proteases in enteroviruses, which is responsible for several cleavages of the viral polyprotein, leading to virus maturation. It has several harmful effects on host cells, such as the induction of caspase-mediated apoptosis and the cleavage of various proteins like P53, TATA-binding protein (TBP), histone H3, octamer-binding protein 1 (Oct-I) and DNA polymerase

A simultaneous solid-phase preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination method based on adsorption of rhodamine B (RB) and Brilliant Blue FCF (BB) synthetic dyes onto Chromosorb 108 resin was developed. Solution pH, sample, eluent flow rates and eluent type were optimized. RB and BB concentrations were determined at 556 and 630 nm, respectively. Matrix effects of interference components were

In the present article, we compute the spectra of the generalized difference operator \(B_\nu ^{(m)}\) over the sequence space \(c_0\). In fact, the difference operator \(B_\nu ^{(m)}\) usually generalizes several difference operators such as first-order difference operators (\(\Delta _{ab}, B(r,s),\Delta\) and \(\Delta _\nu\)), second-order difference operators (\(\Delta ^2, B(r,s,t)\) and \(\Delta

Cluster analysis is a technique that is used to discover patterns and associations within data. One of the major problems is that different clustering methods can form different solutions for the same dataset in cluster analysis. Therefore, this study aimed to provide optimal clustering of units by using a genetic algorithm. To this end, a new fitness function was defined by adding the silhouette function

In this research, the glassy carbon electrode was modified by silver nanoparticles zeolite type A composite, hybridized with the nitrogen-doped graphene (AgNP-“zeolite A”/NG). The electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol was investigated at the surface of the modified electrode in alkaline solution using cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry and linear sweep voltammetry methods, and followingly, excellent

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in many applications of biotechnology, including medicine and agriculture. They are released to the nature as waste materials, which can cause physiological and biochemical effects on plants. Indigo, indirubin and tryptanthrin are valuable indole alkaloid compounds in Isatis constricta due to both medicinal effects and dye properties. This research was conducted

Abstract Natural bitumen was implemented as a cheap, green, available and efficient sorbent for removal of Pb(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) ions. The effect of important parameters including time, sorbent dosage, pH and temperature was explored on adsorption process. Maximum removal for all three cations present at pH = 6.0 and 30 min for Pb(II) and Cd(II) cations and 60 min for Cu(II) cation. Also, %Removal

A control chart is a significant statistical technique that is used to monitor the production process. When measurement error is present in the data, it affects the performance of the control chart. In this study, we described the impact of measurement error on the HEWMA control chart by using (1) covariates, (2) multiple measurements and (3) linear increasing variance method. We compare the performance

The endocrine-disrupting compounds, nonylphenol and bisphenol attracted much attention because of their estrogenic activity and widespread environmental distribution. The toxicity and cellular stresses of nonylphenol and bisphenol to Nannochloropsis salina were investigated. Both nonylphenol and bisphenol showed inhibited growth of N. salina, but with different degrees, in which the effective concentrations

Three-parameter (3-p) Weibull distribution is widely used to model failure distribution in reliability studies, and so the estimation of the parameters of this distribution is very crucial. The maximum likelihood (ML) method is the most popular method among parameter estimation methods. However, likelihood equations do not have explicit solutions for the 3-p Weibull distribution. Therefore, using metaheuristic

A Roman \(\{2\}\)-dominating function (R2DF) \(f:V\longrightarrow \{0,1,2\}\) of a graph \(G=(V, E)\) has the property that for every vertex \(v\in V\) with \(f(v)=0\) either there is a vertex \(u\in N(v)\) with \(f(u)=2\) or there are two vertices \(x,y\in N(v)\) with \(f(x)=f(y)=1\). The weight of f is the sum \(f(V)=\sum _{v\in V}f (v)\). The minimum weight of an R2DF on G is the Roman \(\{2\}\)-domination

For given r-uniform hypergraphs \({\mathcal {G}}\) and \({\mathcal {H}}\), the Ramsey number \(R({\mathcal {G}},{\mathcal {H}};r)\) is defined as the smallest positive integer p such that any red/blue coloring of the edges of the complete r-uniform hypergraph on p vertices contains either a red copy of \({\mathcal {G}}\) or a blue copy of \({\mathcal {H}}\). The hypergraph \({\mathcal {G}}\) is called

A peacock graph \(PG=(i, j, k\,; b_1, b_2,\ldots ,b_s)\), where \(i,j,k\ge 3\) is a graph consisting of three cycles \(C_i\), \(C_j\), \(C_k\) and \(s\,(\ge 1)\) paths \(P_{b_1+1}, P_{b_2+1},\ldots , P_{b_s+1}\) intersecting in a single vertex that all meet in one vertex. A graph G is said to be determined by the spectrum of its Laplacian matrix (DLS, for short) if every graph with the same Laplacian

In Ozaki (Sci Rep Tokyo Bunrika Daigaku Sect A 4:45–87, 1941) proved that if \(f(z)=z+a_2z^2+a_3z^3+\cdots\) is analytic in \(\mathbb {D}\), \(f'(z)\ne 0\) on \(|z|=r<1\), then the total variation of \(\arg \{f(z)\}\) on \(|z|=r\) is not greater than the total variation of \(\arg \{\mathrm{d}f(z)\}\) on \(|z|=r\), namely $$\begin{aligned} \forall 0

In this study, we are going to construct a model for particle and power balance in zero-dimensional model. The new model is based on Hirooka four-reservoir (core, SOL, gas, and wall) model. To compare the model predictions with experimental data and test the validity of the model, we used the parameters of TRIAM and ITER tokamak. The qualitative agreement between the model and the experimental results

The current paper is devoted to introducing a semi-analytical technique for the numerical solution of nonlinear oscillators under the damping effect by using the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method. The proposed scheme is a hybrid of the reproducing kernel Hilbert space and the perturbation methods. This method finds solutions to periodic and nonlinear problems by converting to a system of linear

In this article, we study an efficient combination of the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin and time-splitting methods for the numerical solution of nonlinear Schrödinger equation in two and three dimensions. The Strang splitting technique is used to separate the original equation in two parts, linear and nonlinear. The linear part is approximated with the meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method in the

The prime objective of this paper is to construct the Kantorovich variant of Ismail–May operators depending on a non-negative parameter \(\lambda \). We estimate the rate of convergence of the proposed operators for functions in Lipschitz-type space. Further, an improved quantitative Voronovskaya-type estimate in terms of the second-order modulus of continuity and a direct approximation theorem using

In this article, we investigate the static properties of the transverse domain wall in ferromagnetic nanostrip under the influence of a uniform transverse magnetic field. We perform the analysis under the framework of the Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert equation, which describes the evolution of magnetization inside the ferromagnetic medium. More precisely, first, we establish the magnetization profile in

In this paper, we use hybrid parabolic and block-pulse functions (2D-PBPFs) to provide an approximate solution of nonlinear partial mixed Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations of fractional order. To reach this goal, we present the Volterra integral operational matrix, operational matrix of fractional integral and operational matrix of mixed Volterra–Fredholm integral by 2D-PBPFs. Using

The heat treatment techniques are significant methods for improving metals and alloys. Particularly, it is important to control transformation temperature and improve mechanical and physical properties of materials. There are two important parameters that can be controlled, which are temperature and time of aging. In this study, a quaternary Cu79–Al12–Ni4–Nb5 (wt%) alloy was produced using arc melting

In this paper, the impact of the magnetic field on the viscosity of La0.6 Sr0.4 MnO3/water magnetic nanofluid is studied from the experimental point of view. These experiments were carried out in the two following conditions: temperature range of 10–50 °C and the volume fraction of 0–1%. The results showed that with increase in the volume fractions of nanoparticles, the viscosity of the sample increased