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Shaking table test on seismic responses of asymmetrical underground subway stations Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-22 Guobo Wang, Yao Wang, Jianning Wang, Zhengfang Dong
Currently, many subway stations are designed symmetrically and less attention has been paid to asymmetrical stations. The middle column of the asymmetric underground structure is offset to one side, which is not conducive to load bearing during strong earthquakes and is prone to damage. In this study, shaking table tests of a soil-symmetrical station and a soil-asymmetrical station were designed and
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Centrifuge modelling of axially loaded steel piles in cold and thawing frozen sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-16 Chris Clarkson, Geoff Eichhorn, Greg Siemens
Foundations in northern climates are founded under ground conditions that are certain to change due to climate warming. Piled foundations situated in permafrost are designed to resist loads by mobilising the shaft friction from adfreeze strength that is attributed to the ice–soil bonds in contact with the pile. Design considers ground warming causing thawing over time and normally specifies a thermal
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Novel experimental technique to model impression piles in centrifuge testing Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-11-15 Leonardo Maria Lalicata, Eric Ritchie, Sarah Elizabeth Stallebrass, Andrew McNamara
A novel experimental technology for small-scale centrifuge tests on piled foundations has been investigated. The technology is suitable for bored piles where the pile shaft has been profiled to improve bearing capacity, such as with the impression pile which has an enhanced shaft capacity owing to the small impressions created along the shaft. In previous centrifuge testing, impression piles have been
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Development of a high-energy centrifuge model impact hammer for pile-driving Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-27 Juliano A. Nietiedt, Mark F. Randolph, Christophe Gaudin, James P. Doherty
The offshore wind energy industry continues to expand rapidly around the world in response to the demand for clean energy. Research to investigate monopile performance under cyclic lateral loading needs to replicate the installation process as well as the cyclic loading regimes. This has provided the impetus for the development of model pile driving hammers for use in geotechnical centrifuges. This
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Behaviour of a laterally loaded short-finned pile located on sloping ground Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Kaloor Thottooli Krishnanunni, Deendayal Rathod
Finned piles are considered a novel solution to replace large-diameter piles supporting transmission towers, bridge abutments and so on and are often implemented beneficially for mooring dolphins in offshore areas. This experimental investigation was attempted to examine the lateral response of short-finned piles installed in the proximity of a typical slope of 1V:2H. The 1g model testing of regular
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Static model tests on mechanical behaviour of assembled multi-step cantilever walls Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-28 Zhaoying Li, Shiguo Xiao
An assembled multi-step cantilever retaining wall is a new type of light retaining structure, which can be quickly installed in situ and is suitable for high-fill earthworks. To investigate its mechanical behaviours fully to support practical analysis and design of the novel wall, a series of laboratory model tests is conducted for three-step cantilever walls retaining cohesionless filling under various
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Centrifuge modelling of blast effects in dry sand: Coriolis effect and soil arching Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-09-15 Longhua Guan, Fengkui Zhao, Qiang Lu, Junchao Li, Yubing Wang, Bin Zhu, Dezhi Zhang
Centrifuge model tests are conducted to investigate the dynamic response of dry sand under blast loading. The characteristics and propagation mode of blast waves in dry sand are studied. The Coriolis effect on blast-induced cratering is carefully scrutinised, and both the theoretical and experimental results are provided and agree with each other. In the explosion-induced cratering process, the sand
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Centrifuge modelling of ground vibrations mitigation by inclined geofoam barrier Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Habib Shahnazari, Mohammad Kazemi, Mohammad Hassan Baziar
This paper presents a centrifuge study on the performance of inclined geofoam barriers compared to a vertical geofoam barrier for the mitigation of ground vibrations induced by high-speed railways. Three different barrier inclinations (60°, 90° and 120°) are used in three centrifuge models. Each centrifuge model is tested for seven different frequencies. Therefore, the results of 21 centrifuge tests
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Static model tests on mechanical behavior of assembled multi-step cantilever walls Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-29 Zhaoying Li, Shiguo Xiao
Assembled multi-step cantilever retaining walls is a new type of light retaining structure, which can be quickly installed in situ and suitable for high fill earthworks. In order to investigate its mechanical behaviors fully to support practical analysis and design of the novel wall, a series of laboratory model tests are conducted for three-step cantilever walls retaining cohesionless filling under
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Examining the criteria for contact erosion in granular soil foundations Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-16 Gang Wang, Jing Yang, Wei Jin, Zezhi Deng, Zihao Zhang
Contact erosion, or interfacial erosion, often occurs in layered foundations composed of coarse and fine layers; it refers to the phenomenon that the particles of the fine layer are detached by the flow parallel to the interface and transported through the pore channels of the coarse layer. To visualise the initiation and progression of contact erosion at the internal interface of soil strata, transparent
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Bearing characteristics of model piled raft foundations supported by sheet piles Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-08-03 Xi Xiong, Wentao Guo, Tatsunori Matsumoto, Yukihiro Ishihara
Recently, with the development of new piling methods, steel sheet piles can be penetrated into various types of ground with high quality and precision. Although pipe piles are used for piled raft foundations, sheet piles could become an alternative. Thus, the aim of this research study is to demonstrate the possibility of using sheet piles for piled raft foundations. In this study, a series of model
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Centrifuge modelling of an energy pile group with groundwater flow Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-21 Badr Ouzzine, Jean de Sauvage, Gopal Madabhushi, Giulia Viggiani, Philippe Reiffsteck
For several decades, energy piles have been developed to extract heat from the ground by using foundation piles as heat exchangers. However, the thermal loading of these piles directly affects their mechanical behaviour. Centrifuge modelling of a thermally loaded pile group within a groundwater flow makes it possible to improve the understanding of the hydro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of this type
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Measurement of stresses and strains around a pushed-in model pile or cone penetrometer Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Mark Talesnick, Itamar Omer
This paper describes the methods and outcomes of tests designed to simulate the penetration of a pushed-in model pile, or a field testing penetration element. The penetration element was a 25 mm dia. cylinder with a conical tip. The element was advanced into a sand profile subjected to vertical pressure under at-rest conditions. The unique aspect of the testing was the inclusion of in-soil measurement
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Centrifuge modelling of an energy pile group with ground water flow Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Badr Ouzzine, Jean de Sauvage, Gopal Madabhushi, Giulia Viggiani, Philippe Reiffsteck
For several decades, energy piles have been developed to extract heat from the ground by using foundation piles as heat exchangers. However, the thermal loading of these piles directly affects their mechanical behaviour. Centrifuge modelling of a thermally loaded pile group within a groundwater flow makes it possible to improve the understanding of the hydro-thermo-mechanical behaviour of this type
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Measurement of stresses and strains around a pushed in model pile or cone penetrometer Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-23 Mark Talesnick, Itamar Omer
The paper describes the methods and outcomes of tests designed to simulate the penetration of a pushed in model pile, or a field testing penetration element. The penetration element was a 25 mm diameter cylinder with a conical tip. The element was advanced into a sand profile subjected to vertical pressure under at-rest conditions. The unique aspect of the testing was the inclusion of in-soil measurement
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Experimental study to enhance prediction of jet-grout column diameter and efficiency in sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-05-22 Ali Ghodrati, Mohsen Sabermahani, Asghar Habibnejad Korayem
One of the most significant factors affecting the efficiency of jet-grouting operation is the diameter of the constructed column, depending on soil properties, stress state and operating parameters, including grout pressure (P), grout flow rate (Q), monitor rotational speed (ω) and lifting step (Δs). Increasing treatment efficiency results in a larger diameter with specific energy applied per unit
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Experimental and field investigation to enhance prediction of jet grouting column diameter and efficiency in silty sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 Ali Ghodrati, Mohsen Sabermahani, Asghar Habibnejad Korayem
One of the most significant factors affecting the efficiency of jet grouting operation is the diameter of the constructed column, which depends on soil properties, stress state, and operating parameters, including grout pressure (P), grout flow rate (Q), monitor rotational speed (ω) and lifting step (▵s). Treatment efficiency is to gain a larger diameter with specific energy applied per unit length
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Design and development of an in-flight simulator for flooding and drawdown Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Bhamidipati Venkata Surya Viswanadham, Rishabh Kumar Saran, Pankaj Kumar
Geotechnical structures such as levees, dykes, canals and tailing dams, when subjected to extreme climatic conditions such as flooding and drawdown, are prone to failure on the upstream and downstream sides due to transient seepage conditions. Therefore, it is imperative to physically replicate such conditions in the actual stress state. Hence, the objective of this paper is to present the performance
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Centrifuge test of non-linear soil–pile response using 1:50 scale reinforced concrete pile Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-04-03 Kazuhiro Hayashi, Shuhei Takahashi, Tomoki Nakamura, Shuji Tamura
This study aimed to clarify the highly non-linear behaviour of a soil–pile system and proposes a small-scale reinforced concrete (RC) pile model for use in centrifugal tests. Horizontal static loading centrifugal tests were conducted on 13 small-scale RC pile models at 50g centrifuge acceleration to illustrate the reproducibility of a full-scale RC pile. The experimental results show that the maximum
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The effect of soil type on the behaviour of a tolerably mobile subsea foundation Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2023-01-16 Tianqiang Jia, Sam Stanier, Phil Watson, Xiaowei Feng, Susan Gourvenec
Tolerably mobile subsea foundations may be used to replace conventional fixed mudmat foundations for pipeline infrastructure and are designed to slide on the seabed along with the connected pipeline, in order to accommodate thermally induced horizontal forces. This allows the size of the foundation and the resulting fabrication and installation costs to be substantially reduced. The performance of
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Use of tactile sensors for horizontal stress measurements on a large calibration chamber Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-12-19 Gustavo S. Domingos, Claudio Pereira Pinto, Fernando A. B. Danziger, Arthur V. S. Pinheiro, Tom Lunne
Large flexible calibration chambers (CCs) to evaluate and develop interpretation methods for cone penetration tests (CPTs) in cohesionless soils have been used since the late 1960s. Nevertheless, only average boundary stress values are known in almost all tests already performed. Tactile pressure sensors (TPS) represent a useful tool to assess the stress distribution in an area under loading and have
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Testing pile foundations at the ETH Zurich drum centrifuge: recent developments Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-12-19 Lampros Sakellariadis, Ernst Bleiker, Markus Iten, Heinz Buschor, Andreas Kieper, Ralf Herzog, Alexandru Marin, Orestis Adamidis, Ioannis Anastasopoulos
Motivated by the need to develop rational design methods for the retrofit of existing bridges on pile groups, this paper introduces recent experimental developments at the ETH Zurich drum centrifuge in Switzerland. Four set-ups are developed for vertical, pushover, combined and vibration testing. Their capabilities and limitations are demonstrated using as an example a 2 × 1 pile group on dense saturated
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Surface settlements arising from elliptical shaft excavation in clay Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-11-07 R. J. Goodey, S. Divall, B. T. Le
Shafts are frequently constructed to allow access to subsurface infrastructure and the resulting excavation is generally deep and narrow. Shafts may be constructed using a variety of methods and plan forms dependent on ground conditions and intended use. An axisymmetric (cylindrical) geometry is often preferred due to the relatively simple structural analysis, construction method and for the fact that
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Pore-water pressure and liquefaction response of layered fine soils undergoing cementation Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 Imad Alainachi, Mamadou Fall
Cemented paste backfill (CPB) is fine-grained soil undergoing cementation. It is widely used in mining operations for ground support and tailings disposal. In the field, CPB may be placed in one layer (continuous filing), or multiple layers (discontinuous or sequential filling). Until now, no studies have addressed the effect of the different filling strategies on the CPB response during cyclic events
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Failure mechanism of geocell-reinforced vertical plate anchors subjected to lateral loading Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-23 Awdhesh Kumar Choudhary, Sujit Kumar Dash
This paper reports the failure mechanism of geocell-reinforced vertical anchors in sand through a series of tests and numerical analyses. It is observed that the anchor load-carrying capacity significantly increases with the application of geocell reinforcement, which is primarily associated with the rupture behaviour of reinforced anchor beds. The rupture surfaces are found to have originated from
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Soil flow mechanisms around cone penetrometer in layered clays Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-08-09 Yue Wang, Muhammad Shazzad Hossain, Yuxia Hu
The cone penetrometer test is widely used for in situ site investigations and for establishing direct penetrometer-to-foundation or -anchor design correlations. This paper focuses on soil flow mechanisms during the continuous penetration of a cone penetrometer in layered clays. A series of centrifuge tests was conducted with the cone penetrating through soft–stiff, stiff–soft, soft–stiff–soft and stiff–soft–stiff
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Design and instrumentation of a novel centrifuge container for fly-ash run-out experiments Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-07-25 S. S. C. Madabhushi, A. Martinez, D. W. Wilson, B. L. Kutter
Debris flow, landslides and material run-outs have significant environmental and economic consequences for numerous industries. High-quality experimental data with controlled boundary conditions can help validate and calibrate the predictive capabilities of mechanistic and semi-empirical numerical models. A novel centrifuge container to model dewatering and run-outs induced by a rapid loss of confinement
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Mitigating liquefaction-induced displacements of shallow foundation using helical piles Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-07-08 P. Esmaeilpour, Y. Jafarian, A. B. Cerato
During previous earthquakes, displacements of shallow foundations on liquefiable sites caused significant damage to overlying super-structures leading to casualties and catastrophic economic loss. Various countermeasures have been developed to lessen liquefaction-related damages while minimising cost and environmental impacts. This study aims to evaluate the use of helical piles as a possible technique
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Reduction of footprint problems on spudcan in sand with infilling method Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-06-20 Yung-Show Fang, Ying-Chu Shih, Cheng Liu, Jyun-Yi Hsieh
This paper presents experimental data associated with the reactions on the spudcan during the reinstallation of a jack-up foundation near a footprint with and without infilling. All experiments mentioned in this paper were conducted in a 1g model spudcan testing facility. Loose Ottawa sand was used as the seabed and infilling material, and the diameter D of the conical model spudcan was 200 mm. Based
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Centrifuge modelling of ultra-thin high strength steel fibre reinforced concrete pavements Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-26 Martha S. Smit, Elsabe P. Kearsley
Ultra-thin continuously reinforced concrete pavement (UTCRCP) is an innovative pavement type that consists of a 50 mm high strength steel fibre reinforced concrete (HS-SFRC) layer overlain on a pavement substructure. The thickness results in a flexural stiffness significantly smaller than for conventional concrete pavements. In this paper, the conceptual understanding of the response of UTCRCP to traffic
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Boundary effects on dynamic centrifuge testing of onshore wind turbines on liquefiable soils Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-05-19 Domenico Gaudio, Juntae Seong, Stuart Haigh, Giulia M. B. Viggiani, Gopal S. P. Madabhushi, Rajesh Shrivatsava, Ravikant Veluvolu, Prashanta Padhy
Centrifuge modelling is an effective tool to assess the response of reduced-scale structures subjected to earthquakes under increased gravity. Space limitations, however, force the model to be contained within relatively small boxes, whose boundaries may affect the seismic performance of the structure under consideration. In this paper, the influence of the proximity of the boundaries of an equivalent
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Laboratory investigation to determine ageing of pile shaft friction in clay Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-27 Bin Huang, Barry M. Lehane, Phillip Watson
The shaft capacity of driven piles in clay increases with time even after installation-induced consolidation is completed. However, existing studies have shown that these gains in capacity are variable and cannot be predicted reliably. Projects such as those involving life extension of existing offshore platforms (which often involve increased platform loads) as well as those considering foundation
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Centrifuge modelling of lead retardation in soil–bentonite cut-off walls Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-19 Liang-Tong Zhan, Yu-Qing You, Rui Zhao, Cheng Chen, Yun-min Chen
Soil–bentonite (SB) walls are commonly used as barriers for in situ containments at landfills. SB walls are designed to control the movement of persistent pollutants such as heavy metals in the long term. This paper presents centrifuge and numerical modelling of 50 years of performance of a loess-amended SB (LSB) wall in comparison with a conventional SB wall. Both walls were 28 m high and subjected
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Effects of voids on the dynamic response of tunnels under train-induced vibration loads Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-04-13 Wenbo Yang, Gaoyu Ma, Jiulin Tu, Hao Kou, Yanyang Zhang, Yong Fang, Chuan He
This paper presents results of the influence of voids on the dynamic response of tunnel linings and surrounding strata acquired in series of model tests. An experimental model of a tunnel was tested with a void of varying size (ratio of void width-to-tunnel diameter of 0.13, 0.27 and 0.4) and location (at tunnel apex, haunch and invert). During the tests, the tunnel invert was applied with three types
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Response of a model footing reinforced by novel three-dimensional elements Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-03-30 S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi, N. Karami, M. Rahimi, A. R. Dawson
In this study, a new three-dimensional (3D) reinforcement element, comprising a horizontal ring connected to vertical legs, is introduced. A series of 1g laboratory-scale tests was conducted on a circular footing that rested on a sand bed containing planar or new 3D reinforcements. The effects of depth of the first layer, reinforcement configuration number and spacing of layers are reported. Tests
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Investigation of a laboratory-based approach to determine ageing of shaft friction of piles in clay Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-03-24 Bin Huang, B.M. Lehane, P. Watson
The shaft capacity of driven piles in clay increases with time even after installation-induced consolidation is completed. However, existing studies have shown that these gains in capacity are variable and cannot be predicted reliably. Projects such as those involving life extension of existing offshore platforms (which often involve increased platform loads) as well as those considering foundation
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Experimental studies on a circular open caisson Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-03-16 Jitesh T. Chavda, Goudappa R. Dodagoudar
The resistance offered by the soil to the cutting edge of a caisson and soil flow around the cutting edge will vary continuously during sinking. In this study, a series of 1g model tests have been carried out to investigate the load–penetration response and the soil flow mechanism in sand around the cutting edge of a circular open caisson. Full- and half-open caisson tests have been conducted considering
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Centrifuge-model tests on pore water pressure combined with vacuum and embankment loading Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Yasuo Sawamura, Shinichiro Shiraga, Genki Hasegawa, Makoto Kimura
Vacuum consolidation is a ground-improvement method in which negative pressure is applied to drain materials placed in a soft ground to consolidate the ground. Using the vacuum consolidation method, a soft ground can be consolidated without the shear deformation of the ground, and the combination of this method along with embankment loading enables the stable construction of the embankment and the
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Modelling horizontally loaded reinforced-concrete piles in a geotechnical centrifuge Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Hendrik Louw, Elsabe Kearsley, Schalk Willem Jacobsz
The design of pile foundations to accommodate horizontal loads is a complex soil−structure interaction problem. Current small-scale laboratory testing of pile foundations is mostly focused on metal piles, which raises the question of the validity of results from these tests, and the principles derived, for the use of analysing and designing reinforced-concrete piles, where not only the soil, but also
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Development of a soil boundary friction meter: application to scale model testing Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-17 Mark Talesnick, Motti Ringel
The development and application of a boundary friction meter is presented. The friction meter was designed to allow for the measurement of a resultant shear stress on a planar interface between a structural boundary and a soil mass. Calibrations illustrate the repeatability of the device and its moderate level of parasitic interaction due to the presence of normal pressure. The friction meter was used
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Automatic air pluvation system for physical modelling applications Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2022-01-04 Jinbiao Wu, George Kouretzis, Jubert Pineda, Laxmi Suwal, Ross Gibson, Michael Goodwin
This paper presents an air pluviation system, developed to facilitate 1g physical model tests in granular soils. The deposition process is fully automated and requires minimal input from the operator, thereby significantly reducing the time required to deposit large volumes of granular material, improving the uniformity of the prepared specimens and the reliability of test results. The components comprising
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Measuring vertical displacement using laser lines and cameras Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-25 Sumeet Kumar Sinha, Bruce Lloyd Kutter, Katerina Ziotopoulou
Measuring displacements in model tests typically involves contact-based sensors such as linear potentiometers, where contact between two moving parts occurs at the sensing point. The sensor's finite mass, the limited stiffness of the beams and the clamping mechanism, and the slippage and hinging of the sensor body could affect the object's response and lead to measurement errors. Also, the physical
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Centrifuge study of p–y curves for vertical–horizontal static loading of piles in sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Wenjun Lu, Amir M. Kaynia, Ga Zhang
Pile foundations for offshore structures are subjected to vertical–horizontal load combinations. The current design method separately analyses horizontal and vertical responses of piles without considerations of the combined effect of the loads on soil–pile interaction. However, there is experimental and numerical evidence that lateral behaviour of a pile–soil system can be affected by both axial compression
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Reproducing the inherent variability of soils using a three-dimensional printer Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Lina-María Pua, Bernardo Caicedo
This paper describes a new approach to modelling the three-dimensional (3D) variability of soil by using a multi-material 3D printer to extrude slurries of different types of clays. First, a distribution of the liquid limit in space was obtained using random field theory. Then, a 3D clay printer was developed to reproduce the complex patterns obtained analytically. The 3D clay printer can use eight
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Experimental study on lateral behaviour of tetrapod caisson foundations in silt Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-11-16 Deqiong Kong, Panpan Ying, Jiayi Wan, Wenlong Zhang, Bin Zhu
This paper presents a programme of model tests on the lateral behaviour of tetrapod caisson-founded jacket (TCJ) structures in silt. Loading tests on the TCJ as well as on a mono-caisson were conducted at different rates. In addition to the load–displacement response of the TCJ, the vertical, horizontal and overturning forces at the top of the corner caissons were also measured by in-house-designed
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Study on earth pressure of deep-buried tunnel in layered ground with centrifuge modelling Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-27 Xianfeng Ma, Mingyang Cao, Lei Wang, Yu Cong
Deep-buried tunnels have been increasingly used for transportation infrastructure and underground space development in major metropolitan areas around the world. Evaluation of the earth pressure on deep-buried tunnels is crucial in the design of such urban infrastructure. This paper presents an experimental study using a series of centrifuge model tests undertaken in a beam centrifuge at 150g to provide
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Determining the behaviour of jet-grouting elements using a laboratory scale Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-10-06 Mohsen Sabermahani, Seyed Rasool Soorani, Soheil Sharifi
Jet grouting is a developing technology for soil improvement in most soil types. It offers advantages such as relatively short execution and a high volume of soil rehabilitation. Nonetheless, due to the complexity of this method, related scientific research is ongoing. This study presents a design and fabrication process for equipment capable of constructing soil–cement columns using a high-pressure
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Physical 1g modelling of defective small-scale piled-raft systems founded in sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-30 Renato Pinto da Cunha, Ary Franck Baia Cordeiro, Maurício Martines Sales, Heitor Cardoso Bernardes
The need for understanding the interaction between the elements of a piled-raft foundation system becomes relevant when one of the piles collapses, presents a defect related to the installation procedure, or when it is sought to optimise the number of piles to meet the criteria of load capacity and admissible settlement. In the paper, 20 small-scale 1g load tests were performed in model piled-raft
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Centrifuge modelling of cone penetration tests in unsaturated clayey sand under various hydraulic conditions Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Muwafaq Awad, Inthuorn Sasanakul
In-flight cone penetration tests (CPTs) have been conducted extensively to characterize centrifuge models of dry and saturated soils, but only a limited number of studies have focused on unsaturated soils. This paper presents centrifuge modeling of CPTs conducted on unsaturated clayey sand models prepared at various hydraulic conditions including as-compacted, wetting (rainfall) and drying (evaporation)
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Pore-pressure development near tunnel due to underwater explosion from centrifuge tests Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Anirban De, Anthony Niemiec, Thomas F. Zimmie
An instrumented 1:70 scale model underground tunnel, located below a free water body, was subjected to explosions in centrifuge model tests. Utilising centrifuge scaling relations, each test at 70g modelled the effects of an explosion due to approximately 0.9 t of trinitrotoluene equivalent. The explosives were located at the ground surface, above the tunnel centreline. The effect of water level on
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Assessment of centrifuge modelling of internal erosion induced by upward flow conditions Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 William Ovalle-Villamil, Inthuorn Sasanakul
A series of centrifuge modelling tests was performed in this study to evaluate the internal erosion induced by upward flow that typically occurs during the initiation phase of backward erosion piping. The study focuses on the assessment of the centrifuge scaling behaviour of models under different levels of centrifuge gravity. Tests were performed by maintaining the same model dimensions, soil and
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Performance of a self-installing monopiled gravity base structure under lateral loading Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-13 Kevin J. L. Stone, Maria Diakoumi
This paper presents a physical model study of the feasibility and performance of a monopiled gravity base structure (MGBS) for offshore foundation applications. The research study builds on the current interest in hybrid foundation systems such as monopiled footings. The proposed MGBS is essentially a conventional gravity base structure (GBS) with a projecting monopile or caisson. The system relies
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Impact driving of monopiles in centrifuge: effect on the lateral response in sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 Semaan Maatouk, Matthieu Blanc, Luc Thorel
This study examines the influence of impact-driven installation on the subsequent horizontal monotonic response of small-scale monopiles by using a large-beam geotechnical centrifuge at 100g. A special device including a small-scale hammer was developed to install open-ended monopiles 50 mm in diameter to an embedment depth of 250 mm in flight, and then to apply lateral loading on the monopile head
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Investigation of drainage function of geosynthetics for basal-reinforced embankments Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-08-18 Abdullah Tolga Özer, Onur Akay
This study investigates the behaviour of basal-reinforced embankments under seepage flow. For this purpose, physical embankment models with dimensions of 195 cm long, 100 cm wide and 110 cm high were constructed in the laboratory. The seepage gradient within the embankment was generated by applying a constant water head of 100 cm at the water compartment located behind the models. The unreinforced
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Sway, sliding and back-rotation of piles subjected to pulse-like soil movement Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-08-02 Wei Dong Guo
Back-rotation and hinges were detected in in situ piles during lateral spreading, but they were not reported in model tests. This paper presents, for the first time, model tests on vertically loaded capped piles subjected to pulse-like soil movement. The study reveals (i) modes of pile–soil interaction, including sway at a sliding depth (SD) of 0.286l (l = pile embedment), back-rotation at SD = 0.57l
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Centrifuge experimental study of behaviour of basal-reinforced rubble mound over soft soil Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-30 Masoud Haghparast, Hadi Shahir, Abbas Ghalandarzadeh
Large settlement and lateral deformation during construction of a rubble mound, such as a breakwater, over a soft clayey foundation are a challenge. Different mechanisms contribute to excessive settlement of marine clay, including consolidation, the size of the rubble particles, the penetration of individual rock particles and the flow of sludge through the rock pores. Placing a geotextile layer or
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Optimisation of frustum confining vessels using various boundary and interface conditions Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Hamid Mortazavi Bak, Amir M. Halabian, S. Hamid Hashemolhosseini
Physical modelling of piles has been recognised as an effective tool to investigate the soil–pile interaction phenomenon. To conduct physical modelling tests on piles, different apparatuses such as calibration chambers, geotechnical centrifuges or frustum confining vessels (FCVs) could be employed. This study was designed to introduce the largest modified FCV ever built. To do this, the effects of
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Anti-sliding mechanism of soil–rock slope in transparent soil and discrete-element method Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Chi Li, Zhuang Wang, Xuan-ming Ding
Double-row piles are an effective means to control landslides. The purpose of this research study was to explore internal deformation of the anti-sliding mechanism of double-row piles by using a transparent soil model test. Furthermore, the influence of the section shape, the space between the front and rear rows and the layout of piles on the formation, development and failure process of the soil-arching
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Effect of structural boundaries and stress history on at-rest soil pressure of sand Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 M. L. Talesnick, M. D. Bolton
The knowledge of lateral earth pressure is a required input to many issues in geotechnical design and analysis. The determination of lateral earth pressure at rest is often based on a coefficient of earth pressure at rest (K0) for which there is no theoretical basis for its determination. This paper addresses three issues that have direct influence on the measurement of lateral earth pressure at rest:
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Study of plugging of steel H piles, jacked in sand, in a calibration chamber Int. J. Phys. Model. Geotech. (IF 1.9) Pub Date : 2021-07-20 Felipe S. Alves, Francisco R. Lopes, Fernando A. B. Danziger, Christian M. Santana
When predicting the bearing capacity of an H pile, the design engineer is faced with the questions of which perimeter of the pile to consider for lateral resistance, and which base area for tip resistance. These questions derive from the doubt regarding the occurrence of ‘plugging’. The phenomenon, in which soil adheres strongly to the pile, causes failure to occur not at the steel–soil interface but