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Practical use of shear wave velocity measurements in UK clays (BGA Touring Lecture 2023) Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-15 Michael Long
This paper seeks to promotes use of shear wave velocity (Vs) measurements in UK clays as a complement to more standard ground investigation techniques. Vs measurements seem repeatable and independent of the method of measurement used in isotropic soil conditions, e.g. soft clays. However in glacial tills, and especially in the overconsolidated clays of south-east UK, Vs measurements will differ depending
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Determining parameters of peat soil for finite-element analysis using the Cam Clay model Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-11 Hirochika Hayashi, Nobutaka Yamazoe
A practical procedure for determining soil parameters when analysing the deformation of peat by finite-element analysis (FEA) using the Cam Clay model is presented. FEA has not been frequently used to predict the deformation of peat soil, even though it can be a powerful prediction tool. The main reason for this is that a practical method for determining parameters has not been established. In this
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An improved creep correction factor for footings on sand using macro-element simulations Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-28 Bo Liu, Jianfeng Xue, Barry M. Lehane, Zhenyu Yin
In many settlement prediction methods, the creep settlement of shallow foundations on sand is either disregarded or accounted for using time correction factors that lack a reliable basis. These existing settlement correction factors for creep have mainly been derived from a restricted number of long-term settlement measurements and do not consider the influence of factors such as the load level, rate
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Dynamic behavior of new anchor cable ribbed rockfall retaining walls on rock shed: rockfall impact Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-20 Qi Liu, Xianfeng Liu, Jianguo Li, Shengyang Yuan, Peng He, A. Giacomini, O. Buzzi
This study investigates the dynamic behavior between a rockfall and a new anchor cable ribbed rockfall retaining walls on a rock shed, which is designed to meet project requirements due to the tremendous space occupation of the protection structure, via numerical simulations by the coupling between PFC3D (discrete element method, DEM) and FLAC3D (finite element method, FEM). In the model, the slope
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Secondary reinforcement effect on the value and location of maximum reinforcement load Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-11-08 Luiz Augusto da Silva Florêncio, Mauricio Ehrlich, Seyed Hamed Mirmoradi
This paper numerically evaluates the effect of secondary reinforcement on the value and location of the maximum reinforcement load along the primary reinforcement layers (Tmax) in geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) walls under working stress conditions. Data from three instrumented sections of a well-instrumented GRS wall were used for model validation. A parametric study was carried out considering
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Treatment measures for the creep–slip phase of landslides induced by twin tunnels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-31 Junru Zhang, Jianchi Ma, Kaimeng Ma, Yumei Tan, Zhijian Yan, Jimeng Feng
Tunnel excavation in geologically challenging areas can lead to slope instability and consequent landslides, which pose a serious threat to the integrity of the tunnel lining. To address this issue, a study was conducted to investigate the stability of the tunnel–landslide system using the finite-difference method (FDM) based on the Hanshankou tunnel of the Shaoguan–Xinfeng expressway in Guangdong
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Field and laboratory study of iron ore tailings–Portland cement blends for dry stacking Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-26 Laís Rodrigues da Costa Chaves, Karla Salvagni Heineck, Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho, Helder Mansur Chaves, João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho, Alexia Cindy Wagner, João Paulo de Sousa Silva, Nilo Cesar Consoli
The dry stacking of filtered tailings has emerged as an alternative way of dealing with the safety-related problems of conventional slurry disposal in reservoirs behind upstream dams. Incorporating a cementing agent into the tailings before compaction can enhance the overall geomechanical behaviour of these structures, giving rise to more stable and safer stackings. However, few dry stacks are in operation
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Analytical method for new tunnel crossing pile foundation of existing bridge: a case study Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-12 Kuan-Jun Wang, Guo-Yao Li, Pin-Qiang Mo, Zhongqi Shi, Fu-Bin Chen, Xin-Sheng Yin
This paper describes an analytical method for investigating the tunnel–pile interaction for new tunnels crossing the pile foundation of the Shenzhen Bay Bridge, with a case study using a cavity expansion-based model. The three-dimensional analytical model developed in this study evaluates the ground deformation and pile response induced by the construction of tunnels for the two Metro #13 lines and
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Quantitative analysis of desiccation crack evolution based on digital image correlation Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-03 Aijun Chen, Chaohua Li, Chuanyang Ding
Red clay is prone to cracking in desiccating environments, with criss-cross cracks compromising soil structures and inducing slope instability. Under natural hygrothermal conditions, a desiccation test of red clay slurry was performed with a self-made device and digital image correlation (DIC) technology to study the crack evolution and quantitatively analyse the relationships between moisture content
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The compression characteristics and lateral earth pressure coefficient of sand–HDPE mixtures Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-14 Masoomeh Khodabakhshi, Mahyar Arabani
In recent decades, considerable attempts through geotechnical study have been made to reduce plastic waste by recycling and reuse. The aim of this study was to reuse waste plastic mixed with sand for geotechnical application. To this end, large-scale oedometer experiments were carried out to examine the compressibility of Bandar-e Anzali sands stabilised with plastic-waste-originated high-density polyethylene
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Dry stacking of iron ore tailings: possible particle breakage during compaction Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-08 Alexia Cindy Wagner, João Vítor de Azambuja Carvalho, João Paulo Sousa Silva, Hugo Carlos Scheuermann Filho, Nilo Cesar Consoli
Disposal of iron ore tailings (IOT) in dry stacks is increasingly common in Brazil. IOT are compacted in layers using drum rollers that cause compaction and vibration effects on the ground. Particle breakage is usually observed in granular materials when subjected to large static loads, as can occur depending on the stacking height achieved. This study investigates the breakage behaviour of IOT, simulating
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Investigation of deformation coordination between optical fibre and borehole sand backfill Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-05 Hasanjan Yimit, Dan Zhang, Qi Luo, Xulong Gong, Haoyu Wang, Haiyang Liao
Land subsidence has threatened the safety of municipal infrastructures and even that of inhabitants. As one of the deformation monitoring methods, distributed optical fibre sensing (DOFS) technology has been developed for the investigation of land subsidence. The deformation coordination between the optical fibre and soil (DCf-s) under different conditions is critical for land subsidence monitoring
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What is the probability of encountering unexploded bombs on a UK construction site? Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Jordan Gask, John Moran
Quantitative risk data are essential for efficient and consistent assessment of risk, and allow for the effective use of cost–benefit analysis to assess mitigating measures. Quantitative assessment of the risk posed by unexploded bombs (UXBs) on construction sites within the UK involves the identification of a set of contributory risk factors and modelling the interaction between them. This interaction
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An anchoring system for supporting platforms for wind energy devices Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Vinayagamoorthy Sivakumar, Joseph Fanning, Ken Gavin, Snehasis Tripathy, Aaron Bradshaw, Edward J. Murray, Jonathan Black, Shane Donohue
This paper presents data from an initial development stage of an ‘umbrella anchor’ concept. The anchor can be pushed into a sand deposit in a folded arrangement to reduce installation loads. When a pull-out load is applied to the mooring line, the anchor deploys to create a large embedded plate anchor. Physical modelling was carried out in a saturated sand bed with the anchor installed at depths of
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Stresses in sprayed concrete tunnel linings at Heathrow Terminal 4 Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-04 Benoit D. Jones, Charly Grand, Chris R. I. Clayton
A wide variety of instrumentation was deployed during construction of the sprayed concrete lined tunnels at Heathrow Express Terminal 4 station in the mid-1990s, some of which is still functioning and is accessible for the taking of readings today. This paper presents a nearly 20-year history of stress in the primary lining of the concourse tunnel measured using radial and tangential pressure cells
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Limit equilibrium theory in calculating screw pile bearing capacity under compression Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-14 Jiakuan Ma, Rui Wang, Zhiping Hu, Tong Mu, Anlong Liu, Victor Tolulope Olusegun
The problem of calculating the ultimate bearing capacity of a screw pile is studied using the limit equilibrium theory in this paper. Calculation methods for the critical screw pitch and the ultimate bearing capacity under two representative failure modes are proposed. Four key parameters affecting the ultimate bearing capacity are compared and analysed, and design optimisation suggestions are put
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Back-analysis of an embedded retaining wall in stiff clay Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-08-09 Chuan Fong Foo, Truong Le, Paul Bailie, Jamie R. Standing
The performance of embedded retaining walls during and after excavation is commonly predicted using numerical techniques and assessed by field monitoring. However, subsequent back-analyses of post-construction monitoring data are rarely undertaken. The purpose of this paper is two-fold: (a) to provide a comprehensive post-construction review of site information and monitoring data from a construction
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Discussion of cutter-head opening design for earth pressure balance machines (EPBMs) Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-20 Dariush Mohammadi, Kourosh Shahriar, Parviz Moarefvand, Ebrahim Farrokh
Among the various parts of earth pressure balance (EPB) cutter-heads, the opening distribution on the cutter-head face plays a crucial role in the success of tunnelling projects in soft ground. The amount of published literature on this subject is very limited, however; as a result, tunnel-boring machine (TBM) manufacturers have developed different cutter-heads for soft ground, with varied opening
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Numerical investigation of the main factors influencing rocking responses of shallow foundations Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Seyed Omid Khamesi, Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini
Several investigations have shown that structures with rocking foundations bring more stability and fewer instances of post-earthquake damage to superstructures by dissipating seismic energy within the underlying soils. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to making this design philosophy a practical solution, including concerns about the residual settlements and rotations. In order to provide a
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Modelling tunnel squeezing using gene expression programming: a case study Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-19 Mohammad Hossein Kadkhodaei, Ebrahim Ghasemi, Saeed Mahdavi
Squeezing is a well-known geotechnical phenomenon in the excavation of underground spaces, especially tunnels. Squeezing occurs under different geotechnical conditions in weak rock masses. A study was carried out to develop a mathematical and practical model to predict squeezing so that risk mitigation measures can be taken if necessary. A mathematical model based on a gene expression programming algorithm
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Estimation of internal friction angle for working platform materials by plate load test Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-13 Burden Chitambira, Alastair Dewar
This paper reviews the load–settlement behaviour of 499 plate load tests of various diameters undertaken on granular soils and working platform materials to determine the angle of internal friction mobilised by the test. The observed settlement of individual plate load tests at relatively small settlement has been extrapolated to a theoretical failure of the plate at 10% and 15% of the plate's diameter
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The numerical investigation of the main factors influencing rocking responses of shallow foundations Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-19 Seyed Omid Khamesi, Seyed Majdeddin Mir Mohammad Hosseini
Several investigations show that structures with rocking foundations bring more stability and fewer post-earthquake damages to superstructures by dissipating seismic energy within the underlying soils. Nevertheless, there are still obstacles to making this design philosophy a practical solution, including concerns about the residual settlements and rotations. In order to provide a better insight into
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Laboratory tests on the frictional capacity of core pile–cemented soil interface Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-13 Jia-Jin Zhou, Jian-Fei Ren, Jun-Jie Ma, Jian-Lin Yu, Ri-Hong Zhang, Xiao-Nan Gong
Pre-bored grouted planted (PGP) piles are a new type of composite pile in which a core pre-stressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pile is surrounded by a cemented soil (CS) layer. The frictional capacity of the core PHC pile–CS interface has a significant effect on the bearing capacity of a PGP pile. In this work, a series of shear tests was carried out to determine the frictional capacity of pile–CS
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Soil–structure interaction behind integral bridge abutments Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Michael Wiechecki, Indrasenan Thusyanthan, Paul Nowak, Jessica Sandberg
Integral bridges are preferred on infrastructure schemes as they have lower maintenance costs than a conventional jointed bridge. A key aspect of integral bridge design is the assessment of long-term passive resistance that develops in the abutment backfill due to seasonal movements of the superstructure. This resistance is currently defined by an intermediate earth pressure coefficient termed K*,
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Effect of compaction water on strength and hydraulic properties of bentonite-based liner Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 Suryaleen Rout, Suresh Prasad Singh
The abundance of pond ash and its resemblance to natural sand encourages its use as a substitute for sand in sand–bentonite (SB) liner material. Compaction water content influences the geoengineering properties of cohesive soil to a great extent. Accordingly, the compaction, strength, permeability and shrinkage characteristics of both pond ash–bentonite (PAB) and SB mixes are investigated at standard
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Non-linear stiffness characterisation – a practical framework Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-11 Anthony S. O'Brien, Xinjin Ho, Ringo Tan
Limit state design codes such as Eurocode 7 require good estimates of displacement to be made for serviceability checks. It is known that the stiffness of overconsolidated soils and weak rocks is highly non-linear and this needs to be taken into account for reliable displacements to be calculated. This paper outlines a relatively simple means of characterising the undrained and drained non-linear stiffness
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Discrete-element method modelling of structural clay Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-05-04 Jiawei Xu, Junneng Ye, Jin Sun, Xuecheng Bian
Clay structures are mainly formed by cementation between particles, and play an important role in the weakening and failure of foundations when disturbed. Existing constitutive models reflect the failure characteristics of clay from the phenomenological aspect, while the mechanism of clay damage from a microscopic perspective remains unclear. Herein, the discrete-element method is used together with
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Effect of compaction water on strength and hydraulic properties of bentonite based liner Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-20 Suryaleen Rout, Suresh Prasad Singh
Abundance of pond ash and its resemblance with natural sand encourages its use as a substitute to sand in sand-bentonite (SB) liner material. Compaction water content influences the geoengineering properties of cohesive soil to a great extent. Accordingly, compaction, strength, permeability and shrinkage characteristics of both pond ash-bentonite (PAB) and SB mixes are investigated at standard and
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The surface bearing capacity of a strong granular layer on weaker sand Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-04-12 Andrew S. Lees, Abid Ali
Stronger granular layers are often placed as working platforms over weaker sand subgrade. The design of a working platform involves the calculation of a two-layer bearing capacity under rectangular loading. Existing design methods are either overly simplified, based on infinitely long strip loads and validated by a small number of small-scale 1g model tests, or rely on numerous or empirically derived
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Performance of fin pile subjected to torsional loads embedded in dry sand Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-24 Ahmed Sallam, Waseim Azzam, Ahmed Nasr
Torsional capacities of shaft piles with fins are experimentally examined. For comparison, model experimental tests were performed on conventional piles without such fins to investigate the behaviour of fin piles on the torsional capacity under diverse parameters. The influence of such fins, which are constructed at the top of the shaft with various values of width and length, was investigated. The
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Resilient strain and stiffness degradation of Yellow River silt under cyclic loads Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-15 Yuke Wang, Rui Jiang, Yufeng Gao, Jinggan Shao
The use of natural river silt treated as a ‘waste material’ has become the focus of research in the Yellow River flooded area, especially in the field of highway engineering. It is therefore of great significance to study the deformation and stiffness degradation of Yellow River silt (YRS) under long-term cyclic loads. To this end, a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests on YRS for a large number
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Propagation of stress waves in layered rock mass under the impact of high-pressure gas Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-03-14 Haixia Wei, Chengzhi Wang, Jie Zhu, Xiaolin Yang, Huaibao Chu
High-pressure gas (HPG) blasting is safe and environmentally friendly, and has replaced traditional explosive blasting in some applications. The characteristics of HPG impact load and the propagation law of the stress wave in layered rock mass (LRM) under HPG blasting were investigated experimentally and numerically. Through experimental tests of hole wall pressure, a segmented exponential model of
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Response of rigid drainage pile–superstructure–quay wall system under lateral spreading Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-28 Zhixiong Chen, Can Liu, Chenglong Wang, Xuanming Ding, Yumin Chen, Wengang Zhang
Many examples of earthquake damage show that liquefied lateral spreading is the main cause of pile foundation failure. Rigid drainage piles (RDPs), with two drainage grooves and plastic drainage plates, are a new type of liquefaction-resistant pile that can take into account the bearing capacity and drainage function. A series of 1g shaking table tests was carried out to analyse the seismic response
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Shear behaviour of peat at different stress levels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-21 Di Wang, Zili Li
Consolidated undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted from 1.65 m depth subjected to stress levels of 10.4–40.5 kPa. The results showed that most test data failed to reach the tension cut-off line (q/p′ = 3). For peat, the membrane correction effect on peat shear resistance was strain dependent – generally small within 10% shear strain, but significant above 10% shear strain. A critical
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Influence of pile end soil on torsional vibration of pile considering the stress diffusion Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-17 Tugen Feng, Zhenya Li, Jian Zhang
This study focuses on the influence of the pile end soil on the torsional vibration of a pile based on a fictitious soil pile model considering stress diffusion. The pile end soil is simulated as a cone-shaped fictitious soil pile whose parameters remain the same as the soil. The dynamic equilibrium equations for the pile–soil system subjected to torsional dynamic loadings are developed and solved
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Evaluating friction angles for clays: piezocone tests compared with Atterberg limits Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Zhongkun Ouyang, Paul W. Mayne
A limit plasticity solution for evaluating the effective stress friction angle in clays from piezocone tests was assessed and compared with the popular notion of using laboratory Atterberg limits on remoulded specimens. The results showed that the in situ piezocone-based method provided a far more accurate and robust interpretation of the friction angle values of 155 separate clays than empirical correlations
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Soil resistance during vibratory driving in sand Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 K. Rainer Massarsch
A mechanism to explain pile shaft resistance during vibratory driving is discussed. One hypothesis is that horizontally oscillating stresses temporarily reduce shaft resistance. Vibration measurements were conducted in medium-dense to dense sand during vibratory driving. A large compaction probe was installed by a vibrator with variable frequency. The driving process and ground response were documented
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Settlement characteristics of immersed tunnel of Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge project Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-02-16 Yan-Ning Wang, Le-Chen Wang, Lin-Shuang Zhao
The settlement performance of an immersed tunnel in the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge (HZMB) transportation project is described. The geological profile underlying the immersed tunnel is presented and the corresponding field monitoring system is introduced. The function of semi-rigid elements is analysed. The observed results related to longitudinal deformation patterns during construction (e.g. long-term
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Seismic response of rigid-drainage pile-superstructure-quay wall system subjected to lateral spreading Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-26 Zhixiong Chen, Can Liu, Chenglong Wang, Xuanming Ding, Yumin Chen, Wengang Zhang
Many examples of earthquake damage show that liquefied lateral spreading is the main cause of pile foundation failure. Rigid-drainage piles installed two drainage grooves with plastic drainage plates are a new type of liquefaction-resistant pile that can take into account the bearing capacity and drainage function. In this paper, a series of 1-g shaking table tests were carried out to analyse the seismic
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The collapse frequency and failure probability of retaining structures Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Dirk Proske, Christof Hofmann
In this contribution observed median collapse frequencies and calculated median failure probabilities of retaining structures are compared. Such comparisons have already been carried out for bridges, dams, tunnels, buildings, stadiums and wind turbines. The comparison is carried out as a meta-analysis using values from the literature. Furthermore, collapse frequencies due to earthquakes were determined
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Micro–macro analysis of shear band formation in various normalised reverse fault throws Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-17 Saman Ghaderi, Alireza Saeedi Azizkandi
Two-dimensional discrete-element modelling was adopted to study the engineering and fundamental aspects of shear band formation in reverse faulting through sandy soils of varying densities. The employed discrete-element methodology was verified with experimental centrifuge results. From an engineering perspective, the results showed that the shear bands formed due to a reverse fault consisted of multiple
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Numerical analysis of tunnel behaviour considering the spatial variability of geotechnical parameters Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-06 Tiago Miranda, Ana Viana, Francisco F. Martins, Xiangfeng Guo, Nuno Cristelo, Daniel Dias
This study applies random field theory to simulate the spatial variability of the ground where a tunnel was excavated in a granitic soil mass, in the city of Porto (Portugal). Numerical analyses are performed using the finite-element method combined with random field theory to simulate tunnel excavation. A parametric study to analyse the influence of the correlation coefficient is performed. The results
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Analysis of the influence of siphon hole spacing on soft-soil drainage effect Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-06 Qingsong Shen, Jun Wang, Hongyue Sun, Junwei Shu, Yuequan Shang
In soft-soil siphon drainage, due to the siphon phenomenon, groundwater is discharged from the soil without the need for power and this increases the effective stress in the soil. A significant part of the drainage effect is determined by the spacing of the siphon holes. According to model tests carried out in this work, the decrease in the groundwater level was more pronounced for a smaller siphon
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Subgrade reaction for closely spaced raft and isolated foundations on sand: case study Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Omar Hamza, Alaa Kourdey, Yawar Hussain, Abdul-hakim Mawas
This paper investigates the interference effect of closely spaced foundations on the modulus of subgrade reaction (k) and provides an insight into some of the factors affecting the k-value of a raft foundation when other foundations (isolated footings or other identical rafts) are closely placed on both sides. The investigation adopted a three-dimensional, non-linear, finite-element numerical analysis
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Shear behaviour of peat at different stress levels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Di Wang, Zili Li
In this study, a series of consolidated, undrained triaxial compression tests were conducted to investigate peat shear behaviour on samples from 1.65 m depth when subjected to different stress levels from 10.4 kPa to 40.5 kPa. At the consolidation stage, the triaxial test specifically investigated the peat isotropic compressibility at low stress levels, showing an agreement with oedometer test data
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TengizChevroil future growth project, Kazakhstan – the design of temporary haul roads Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2023-01-03 Paul Nowak, James Barr
The 36km haul road for the TengizChevroil future growth project in western Kazakhstan provided a unique opportunity to examine the dynamic effect of heavy traffic loading on earthworks. The haul road was constructed to facilitate transport of 252 partially constructed module units from a purpose-built terminal in the Caspian Sea. The ground underlying the haul road comprises recent, predominantly granular
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Bearing capacity prediction of strip and ring footings embedded in layered sand Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-05 Pragyan Paramita Das, Vishwas N. Khatri
A prediction model for the bearing capacity estimation of strip and ring footing embedded in layered sand is proposed using soft computing approaches, namely, artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest regression (RFR). The required data for the model preparation were generated by performing lower- and upper-bound finite-elements limit analysis by varying the properties of the top and bottom
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The assessment of innovative geotechnical slope repair techniques Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-11-30 Mike G. Winter, Ian M. Nettleton, Richard Seddon, James Codd
Work to evaluate the effectiveness of innovative geotechnical slope repair techniques used on UK national highways is summarised. The techniques assessed were the planting of live willow poles, electrokinetic geosynthetics (EKG) and fibre-reinforced soil (FRS). These were used instead of conventional approaches to reduce the overall impacts of various challenges, including environmental constraints
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Physical and numerical modelling of pile-stabilised saturated layered slopes Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-24 Reza Sarkhani Benemaran, Mahzad Esmaeili-Falak, Hooshang Katebi
Pile installation is slope stabilisation technique that can improve stability of multi layered slopes by providing passive forces. This paper presents the results of experimental and numerical models for the behaviour of isotropic and anisotropic pile-stabilised sandy slopes under surcharge loads. The aim is to determine the optimal arrangement of pile rows about factors influencing the response. Effects
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Groundwater pressure induced failure of sprayed waterproof membrane interface in tunnels Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-14 Jiang Su, Alan Bloodworth
Groundwater pressure is the main cause of debonding (i.e. tensile failure) of the sprayed waterproofing membrane interface within composite sprayed concrete lined (SCL) tunnels. It is critical to understand the failure mechanisms, the right approach to numerical simulations of its effects and the practical implications on lining design and membrane interface testing methodology. This paper addresses
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A field study on the behaviour of driven and drilled micropiles implemented in clay Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-10 Alireza Heydari Abdollahi, Ali Ghanbari
Micropiles are often implemented through drilling, steel pipe installation, reinforcement and grouting. However, in some parts of the world, especially in areas with fine-grained soils, these shafts are implemented by steel pile driving, followed by reinforcement, and grouting has been expanded considerably. In this study, micropile shafts were installed at the site by both driving and drilling methods
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Importance of 3D analyses on static and seismic stability of jointed open-pit mine slopes Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-22 Amin Azhari, Alireza Yarahmadi Bafghi, Lohrasb Faramarzi, Ramin Salamat Mamakani
Most studies on open-pit mine stability have been performed in two-dimensional (2D) mode, which neglects the effect of the circular shape and thus the effect of third-direction boundary conditions. The aim of this work was to study the effect of the third dimension on static and dynamic stability analyses of pit slopes by comparing results from two- and three-dimensional (3D) numerical and limit equilibrium
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Improved radial consolidation in soft clay using pervious concrete piles Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-09-05 Umanath Umaiyan, Kasinathan Muthukkumaran
The efficacy of a pervious concrete pile (PCP) in accelerating the rate of consolidation in unconsolidated soft clay deposits was explored. A series of laboratory consolidation tests was performed on PCPs, sand drains and stone columns in two different soft soils (clay with high compressibility (CH) and clay with intermediate compressibility (CI)) and their consolidation characteristics were compared
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Design of deep rock tunnels using hyperstatic reaction and convergence confinement methods Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-10 Dianchun Du, Daniel Dias, Ngocanh Do
Tunnel lining is usually installed with delay behind the tunnel face excavation, which requires that a displacement is considered at the tunnel boundary before the support structure installation. This delayed installation comes with a release and redistribution of stress in the rock mass. Internal tunnel lining forces significantly rely on the stress relaxation process taking place in the rock mass
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Vacuum consolidation of soil: clogging effect, varying permeability and compressibility Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Peng Wang, XiaoTian Yang, Jian Zhang, Xueyan Ge
The clogging of a soil pile in vacuum preloading of dredged soil combined with a prefabricated vertical drain (PVD) was investigated through laboratory model tests and analytical modelling. Variation in the water content and permeability of soil around the PVD clarified the formation of a soil pile. Seepage and consolidation tests on the formed soil pile indicated that the clogging effect slowed down
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Long-term effect of vertical and lateral loads on piled raft foundations: a case study Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Kajal Tarenia, Nihar Ranjan Patra
In this study, numerical analyses of connected and disconnected piled-raft foundations (PRFs) comprising a single pile, 2 × 1, 3 × 1, 2 × 2, 3 × 2, 3 × 3 and 5 × 5 pile groups subjected to different lateral loads, with a constant vertical load, have been carried out by three-dimensional finite-element analysis. Results from the analysis have been validated with reported field studies considering vertical
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Twin earth pressure balance tunnelling – monitoring and numerical study of an urban case Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-08 Mojtaba Nematollahi, Daniel Dias
In recent decades, numerical calculations have often been used to optimise, from a technical and economical perspective, the design of underground works. Using these tools allows efficient and affordable designs to be obtained. Simulation of the tunnelling procedure when using a tunnel-boring machine and in urban areas is a complex soil–structure interaction problem. Here, a three-dimensional (3D)
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Dry-air technology for stabilising weak deposits Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-08-03 Vinayagamoorthy Sivakumar, Pratiksha Pandey, Snehasis Tripathy, Jonathan Black, Paul Dunlop, Kyle McKee
Many available ground improvement techniques are effective, but involve large amounts of carbon dioxide emissions. Any green ground improvement technique would thus be beneficial. In this work, dry air, supplied at low pressure and relative humidity, was used to remove water from a soft soil deposit. The investigation was carried out at model scale, with a soft soil layer formed in a box of size 1
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Effects of changing geology on the performance of a tunnel boring machine for the Thames Tideway Tunnel, London, UK Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-18 Tim Newman, Oscar Hueso, Mikel Martinez Goirigolzarri
An earth pressure balance tunnel boring machine (TBM), 8.8 m in diameter, was used to construct a 7.6 km long section of the Thames Tideway Tunnel through central London, UK, between Battersea and Bermondsey. Two major geological structures – the Lambeth Anticline and the London Bridge fault zone – have imposed significant changes in the tunnel face geology. The TBM was continually monitored for operating
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Increasing the undrained shear strength of soft ground improved by vacuum consolidation Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. (IF 2.2) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 Hirochika Hayashi, Hijiri Hashimoto
In this paper, the use of vacuum consolidation to improve soft ground and increase its undrained shear strength (Su) is discussed. Since peat and organic clay have very low Su values, the construction of embankments and structures on these soils often cause ground failure. For the trial embankment conducted in this research project, soft ground composed of peat, organic clay and clay was improved by