Integrated time-separated remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), microbiology, and carbonate sedimentology of the tidal-flat portion of Andros Island (Great Bahama Bank) quantifies the geomorphologic change of tidal-flat facies through time and illustrates how sea-level rise, amongst other controls, is recorded within these deposits. In the 75 years spanned by the remote-sensing datasets

The redox state of ancient seawater is crucial to understanding the variations in atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the geological past. Rare earth elements + Y (REY) in marine carbonates are believed to be one potential proxy for rebuilding paleoredox conditions. The impact of diagenetic alterations on REY distribution patterns and the Cerium anomaly, however, remains debatable. One deep well

This petrographic and petrophysical study constrains parameters controlling porosity-permeability heterogeneity in unconventional microporous lime mudstones reservoir of the Lower Bab Member (Aptian) deposited in intrashelf Bab basin, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Depositional texture and diagenetic processes control the petrophysical properties of the mudstones. The high concentration of coccoliths

Existing fan-delta depositional models for lacustrine basins do not adequately address significant wave- and storm-related processes. However, in many lakes, such high-energy processes can be effectively driven by winds. As such, the prevailing wind direction determines the propagation direction of wind-induced waves. Observations from modern examples show that wave-dominated deposits commonly exist

The present paper focuses on the fluvial architecture and depositional facies model of the Late Cretaceous large sandy braided-river system of the Nubia Formation in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Six lithofacies types and two paleosol pedotypes (entisol and vertisol) are arranged in channel and overbank architectural elements that display first- to fifth-order bounding surfaces. Two distinctive

Discharge variability-based facies models are key to understanding depositional dynamics and controlling mechanisms of fluvial accumulation. The well-exposed Silurian-Devonian Jaicós Formation, lower Parnaíba Basin, NE Brazil, allows for detailed fluvial architectural analyses in terms of variations in discharge patterns. This field-based study comprises a collection of high-resolution sedimentological

Investigating rift basins and their provenance is difficult because their tectonic framework is continuously evolving. The Beibuwan Basin in the South China Sea is a typical rift basin that shares many characteristics of major rift basins worldwide. We present new detrital zircon UPb ages from the Beibuwan basin and, by combining with published data from surrounding drainages, are able to define its

Marine dolomitization processes are characterized by complex variations in hydrological conditions and pore-fluid chemistry. Deposition of massive dolomitized carbonates on the Comanche Platform of south Texas, USA, during the Albian coincided with multiple fluctuations in sea level, thereby providing an ideal setting to study the response of magnesium isotopes to dolomitization during eustatic sea-level

Loess-palaeosol sequences represent the most complete terrestrial archives of Quaternary climatic cyclicality. Particle size and geochemistry are widely used proxy data in palaeoclimatologic analysis of loess-palaeosol sequences. The palaeoclimatologic signals hidden in the texture and chemical composition of the Czech loess-palaeosol sequences, which are part of the European loess belt, are modulated

Located in southern Iceland, Geysir was first named in 1647 and thereafter became the eponym for geysers that are known from geothermal areas throughout the world. As noted by many early explorers, Geysir has a long history of erratic eruptions with periods of activity alternating with periods of dormancy. Vertical sections through the discharge apron, exposed in the valley cut by Geysisgil along its

The sedimentary record of the maar lake succession at Camp dels Ninots (Pliocene, NE Spain) reflects mineralogical shifts that correlate with orbitally forced climate changes. X-ray powder diffraction was obtained from a 47 m-long core collected from a borehole drilled in the centre of the paleolake. The results show compositional variations in terms of allogenic/authigenic mineral assemblages which

A poorly understood Mississippian to basal Pennsylvanian succession is preserved in parts of northern Utah, western USA. The mudrock- and carbonate-dominated Manning Canyon Formation and lateral equivalents have been referred to as “cyclothems” and might therefore be expected to preserve a record of repeated, late Paleozoic sea-level excursions similar to cyclothemic successions elsewhere in the paleotropics

The Siwalik Group extending east-west collinear to the Himalayan southern front records Himalayan denudation history. In this study, we present sandstone petrography, heavy mineral assemblages, Nd isotopes and chemical composition of detrital garnet from the Siwalik succession along the Muksar Khola section. This study reveals the Tibetan Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalayan Crystalline and Lesser Himalaya

The Langhian was a time of clastic/carbonate deposition over many fault blocks in the Gulf of Suez due to rising eustatic sea level coupled with a warming trend. These deposits are of great interest as they are important hydrocarbon reservoirs. A detailed study on facies organization, depositional geometries and internal architecture of surface analogues helps to realize the reservoir heterogeneity

The Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Ma) was the last period in the Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to today (~400 ppm) and global mean temperatures were significantly warmer. In the Mediterranean, the Pliocene, and more particularly the Piacenzian (3.6–2.58 Ma), has been intensively studied but less is known about the Early Pliocene climate. This study aims at filling this gap

Detailed bed-by-bed ichnological and sedimentological analysis of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in two sections from the Asturian Basin -Rodiles and Lastres- reveals changes in the macrobenthic tracemaker community mainly induced by oxygen fluctuations. Ichnological analysis enabled us to document an abundant and diverse trace fossil assemblage, with ten ichnogenera, probably corresponding

The Late Miocene-Pleistocene Gyirong Basin in the central Himalaya provides a record of basin evolution in response to tectonic extension within the active Himalaya orogen. The up to ~550-m-thick basin fill can be subdivided, from bottom to top, into four stratigraphic units with distinctly different lithofacies associations: alluvial fan, debris flow, lacustrine-fan delta, and braided river. Analysis

A high resolution seismic stratigraphic study of the western edge of the Malta Plateau (central Mediterranean Sea) was conducted to reconstruct the depositional mechanisms of the shelf-slope system since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC; 5.3 Ma). The accurate interpretation of a large grid of variable-resolution seismic reflection profiles (multichannel and Sub Bottom) allows us to identify

Costa Rican Eocene–Oligocene carbonate deposits have been known for more than a hundred years, however, there are few scientific contributions detailing the relation between facies analysis and regional basin evolution. Based on a detailed study in southern Costa Rica, a chronologic history of a Bartonian–Aquitanian sedimentary succession is proposed. The carbonate facies analysis allows for eight

This study documents the coarse-grained fill of an upper slope, late Eocene Tokaren Canyon in the Carpathian Mountains, whose planform geometry and internal architecture were driven by normal faulting of an underlying carbonate platform. Facies analysis hints at a narrow shelf and a direct link to rivers draining a rapidly-uplifting hinterland. The axial part of the canyon consists of several meters

Sedimentary structures produced by benthic microbial mats have been reported from various ancient shallow-marine deposits, but examples from deep-marine settings are rare. This study focusses on the microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) from fine-grained clastic deposits and carbonates of the Oligocene Menilite Formation that were deposited in a deep-marine environment periodically affected

While tidal environments are ubiquitous around the planet, limited work on these systems, particularly those that are in microtidal settings, hinders our understanding of tidal paleo-environments. In this study, we analyze the modern sediment dynamics of the San Luis Pass area, a microtidal system located on the Texas Gulf Coast. The focus of this work is to characterize sediment distribution and establish

The accumulation processes of loess in Shandong Province record atmospheric circulation changes in eastern China, which can be used to explore the varying characteristics of the East Asian monsoons and the evolution of the local environment. In this study, parameterized grain size endmember analysis is used to reveal the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics, material sources, and environmental evolution

The paleogeographic landscape is an important clue to clarify the controversy on the paleoposition of South China within the supercontinental cycles. We therefore conducted a study of directional structures (34 datasets) and detrital zircons (707 analyses of five samples) from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block (SMYB). The principal results are as follows. (1) The sedimentary transport directions

Subaquatic mass movements are common in marine and lacustrine environments, but due to their barely predictable nature, direct observations of these processes are limited so that knowledge is only indirectly obtained by investigating the resulting mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Most research focuses on the most common frontally emergent slides, fast-moving events able to generate turbidity currents

Quaternary sediments along a belt that extends from inland to bottom sediments of the Tyrrhenian Sea in southern Tuscany, Italy, are characterized by high concentrations of As (up to >1000 mg/kg). Earlier studies ascribed this anomaly to anthropogenic activities, e.g., past metallurgical processes of materials mined from pyrite and polymetallic deposits. Such activities, however, can only explain local

Evaporites are of great significance because they provide crucial information on paleoclimate and hydrochemistry. This paper presents a depositional system comprising a mixture of siliciclastics, carbonates, and evaporites that recorded the Eocene sedimentary evolution in the western Qaidam Basin, China, in response to mountain building and climate change. Based on lithology and rock textures, three

Characterising deformable substrates of modern and past ice sheets is a key factor in understanding ice mass behaviour and dynamics. This is challenging when field-scale signatures of deformation in soft sedimentary beds are weakly developed or absent. To overcome these difficulties, in this study, we combine micro- and macroscale studies and quantitative analyses to decipher the nature of subglacial

Here, we provide a detailed facies and depositional record from a NE-SW-directed, 250-km-long transect across a distally steepened, Middle Jurassic carbonate ramp in the northern Tethyan realm (Iran). Among the six main facies types described, two stand out because of their beyond-regional significance: (i) Middle Callovian microbial and microbial-skeletal mounds embedded in muddy intermound sediment

Natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and heavy rainfall causing floods and debris avalanches are common phenomena in many tropical settings, including the island of Sumatra, located in the Indonesian archipelago. To enhance our understanding of the recurrence of these often destructive events, we studied the sedimentary infill of two lakes in the Padang highlands, West Sumatra. This

Interpretations of depositional environments of Precambrian carbonates are commonly difficult because of their monotonous appearance and paucity of biological components. The REE + Y signatures of Precambrian carbonates can, however, provide insights into their original depositional environments, terrestrial contamination, and/or diagenetic modifications. This is exemplified by consideration of the

The Marmara Sea (area 11,350 km2; volume 3378 km3; central basins >1100 m deep) straddles the North Anatolian Transform Fault separating the Eurasian and Aegean-Anatolian tectonic plates. Along with the shallow straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus (depths ~63 m and ~40 m, respectively), the Marmara Sea forms the only marine connection between the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. During Pleistocene

In New Caledonia, upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene sedimentary rocks record a regional tectonic shift from Cretaceous extension to Eocene compression, which led to the obduction of oceanic mantle onto the northeastern tip of the submerged Zealandia continent. This study provides new descriptions of these successions in the region of the Gouaro anticline, from outcrops and an extensively cored, 1.9 km

A study of the paleoenvironmental evolution of the middle Eocene platforms recognized in the westernmost Tethys has been carried out in the well-exposed middle Eocene succession from Sierra Espuña-Mula basin (Betic Cordillera, S Spain). Eight microfacies (Mf1 to Mf8) have been recognized, based mainly on fossil assemblages (principally larger benthic foraminifera), and rock texture and fabric. The

Upper Cretaceous–Danian chalk forms a range of complex diagenetic fabrics despite its commonly white and monotonous appearance in outcrop and core. This reflects the interaction between processes linked to composition, depositional facies, texture, sedimentation rates, bioturbation, mineralogy, burial and hydrocarbon charging history. Such fabrics have a substantial impact on reservoir quality, either

Petrographic datasets from sedimentary rocks are very useful for reconstructing their palaeoenvironmental settings especially when field and fossil datasets are unobtainable or inadequate. This study presents the first detailed and comprehensive petrographic study of the four formations constituting the non–marine Lower Cretaceous of the Weald Sub-basin of south-east England and employed petrographic

Only exceptionally, grains larger than 2–3 mm are involved in dune-forming processes. In 16 Late Glacial – Early Holocene inland dunes deposits from three regions of the northern and central Poland, beds, layers, laminae and lenses containing extra-large grains, up to 20.5 × 12.5 × 11 mm in the longest axes, are present. Occurrences of the extra-large grains are documented in the dunes dispersed in

This study provides a detailed sedimentological, stratigraphic and depositional model for the lower Whakataki Formation. The fine-grained nature of the turbidite successions and common Tbcde successions suggests deposition associated with medial to distal submarine fan deposits. However, the textural and compositional immaturity, combined with a high carbonaceous and carbonate content of the clastic

Travertines are generally considered as carbonate deposits related to Ca-rich hot springs. Ca-deficiency hot springs, however, can also produce travertines under suitable conditions and little is known about the travertine deposition and diagenesis in these systems. Therefore, we studied a fossil perched Ca-deficiency spring system at Shihuadong, China to discuss its genesis and diagenesis. This system

The Hare Indian and Canol Formations, which are part of the Horn River Group in the Northwest Territories, Canada, primarily consist of organic-rich mudstones deposited during the Middle to Late Devonian. The formations were previously considered to represent marine basin fill accumulated in an oxygen-starved distal shelf setting, evidenced by the organic-rich character, pyrite content, and lack of

This study documents the occurrence of efflorescent halite speleothems of stalactites, columns, flowstones, stalagmites and popcorns beneath tepee structures in the Red Sea coastal sabkhas, desiccated halite pond and dykes of saltworks, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study aims to interpret the formation and evolution of efflorescent halite speleothems due to the high relative humidity of the area. Field

The Austin Chalk Group is a very fine grained carbonate mudrock composed predominantly of microorganisms. To geologically characterize such a unit, the components and depositional and diagenetic features must be examined at the nano- to microscale, using micropetrography. Analytical methods include scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and thin-section analysis. Through

In shallow water atop many isolated platforms and atolls, reef sand aprons largely consist of debris shed platformward from shelf-margin reefs towards the lagoon. Although their general geomorphology and sedimentology are broadly understood, quantitative details of the possible role of reef sand apron hydrodynamics on their geomorphic evolution remain less well constrained. To test the hypothesis that

This paper provides a comprehensive review of the sinter deposits, formed largely of opal-A, that are form around hot springs and geysers throughout the world. The discharge aprons around hot springs and geysers are commonly characterized by spectacular discharge aprons that are covered with variegated microbial mats and ornate arrays of siliceous sinters that commonly contain well-preserved microbes

The Pleistocene and Holocene tufas of the Serra da Bodoquena (Bonito region, Brazilian Midwest) consist of several deposits related to a karstic system developed in the carbonatic rocks of Corumbá Group. Tufas currently forming in the Serra da Bodoquena area (Mimoso and Formoso rivers) were investigated for a better understanding of which environmental changes control the deposition of different types

The Lesser Antilles are a densely populated region where local populations and industrial facilities are concentrated at the coastlines, and are therefore exposed to many rapid-onset hazards such as hurricanes and tsunamis. However, the historical catalog of these events is too short to allow risk assessment and return period estimations, and it needs to be completed with long-term records of washover

Proterozoic aeolian successions tend to exhibit a low complexity in the architectural organisation, generally related to simple dunes with low morphological diversity. Although most palaeoenvironmental reconstructions of ancient ergs confirm this scenario, the general conditions in the Precambrian landmass should have allowed the construction of larger and more complex sedimentary aeolian systems than

Hyperpycnal flows are river-derived extrabasinal turbidity currents transporting both sand and clay to lacustrine, coastal, shelf and deepwater sedimentary environments. Experimental research in the past twenty years has shown that the presence of clay in sediment-laden flows promotes a transitional behavior between fully turbulent flow and a quasi-laminar plug flow regime. However, to date, most work

Volcanic atolls host exceptionally important marine ecosystems in the modern oceans. Yet, due to limited exposures, fossil atolls are poorly constrained. Multiple drowned Cretaceous volcanic atolls have been reported in the Pacific, but less information exists regarding those in the Tethys. Here we report on two early Cenomanian age volcanic atolls outcropping in Mt. Carmel (northern Israel), along

In Castañar Cave (Cáceres, Spain), Mg-Si phases forming fibres and films occur associated with aragonite, magnesite, huntite and spheroidal dolomite in moonmilk, coatings and crust speleothems. A detailed study of bulk and carbonate-removed samples allowed us to identify the Mg-Si phases as kerolite (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O) and sepiolite Mg4Si6O15(OH)2·6(H2O) of variable “crystallinity” and very pure

The Miocene Diatom Suite sediments of the Eastern Paratethys Sea, Azerbaijan, provide significant information to establish how Middle Miocene climate influenced erosion, sedimentation and deposition in the marine environments and continental source areas of Western Asia. Discriminant function analyses, ratios of Ti/Al, Si/Ca and Sr/Ca as well as mineralogical composition data indicate the Karaganian-Konkian

The Paleozoic sediments on micro-blocks in the southwestern Central Asian Orogenic Belt record the tectonic evolution of the Paleo-Asian Ocean and accretionary processes of the south Siberian Craton. However, the absence of detailed stratigraphic studies and sedimentary basin analyses has led to disputes on Paleozoic arc-basin relationships and the tectonic evolution of the Junggar block and East Junggar