Despite their discontinuous occurrence and poor preservation, knowledge about Triassic carbonates from North America has increased considerably during recent years. Their characterization represents a unique way to better assess evolution and recovery of the biosphere after the major Permo-Triassic biological crisis in the Panthalassa Ocean. The Eastern Klamath terrane, located in Northern California

Diagenesis exerts a key control on the evolution of mineralogical systems in shales, and by extension, on the development of rock properties amenable to unconventional reservoir prospectivity. To develop an understanding of the control of primary grain assemblage on the diagenetic pathways and products in shales, integrated high-resolution petrographic and multiple geochemical studies were conducted

The Marnoso-arenacea turbidite succession outcropping in northern Italy is one of the most studied deep-water systems worldwide due to its excellent exposure. Despite the well-established sedimentology of the arenaceous succession, the origin of fine-grained intervals within the Marnoso-arenacea Fm is reconsidered in the light of methane-rich fluid expulsion, in particular as seep-carbonates are present

Pyritized burrows from three localities were analysed using LA-ICP-MS to determine their trace element content and assess their ability to sequester trace elements. Pyritic burrows from Hock Cliff (Jurassic), Wren's Nest (Silurian) and Southerham Grey Pit (Cretaceous) have anomalous levels of Se, Cu and Pb and are enriched relative to their host sediments. Sequestration rates were calculated using

The multi-proxy sediment provenance analysis of two sedimentary successions (GER1 core, 130 m long, and CB core, 103 m long) provides new data for detecting the temporal and spatial variations in fluvial drainage patterns and landscape evolution of the Venetian Plain (NE Italy) in relation to Middle–Late Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Detailed petrographic analyses, compared to present-day river

Sedimentary phosphates, chiefly composed of apatite group minerals, contain exceptionally high concentrations (10–200 ppm) of U relative to other sedimentary precipitates, making them an attractive target for U–Pb dating. Phosphate-rich sedimentary rocks are common from the Neoproterozoic onwards and commonly occur at key points in the geological record, often coinciding with periods of significant

Nitrogen isotopes have been widely used as indicators of depositional conditions in studies of ancient sediments. Bohai Bay Basin is a major continental hydrocarbon province in NE China, but nitrogen isotopic signatures of this lacustrine system (connected with the open ocean occasionally) have barely been investigated. We report a study of paleoenvironmental information recorded by N isotopic variations

Upper Cretaceous marine sequences in the Gulf Coastal Plain (USA) span the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) transition, allowing for detailed studies of one of the most severe extinction events of the Phanerozoic. To improve the temporal resolution of the stratigraphic record that represents environmental change leading up to the K–Pg boundary, we constructed a high-resolution chemostratigraphy and cyclostratigraphy

Shallow-water deltas remain enigmatic in terms of placing the observed facies within a coherent process-based depositional model. Here we report tank experiments on mouth-bar formation from shallow water pure and stratified jets that, combined with recent flume experiments on bedforms, suggest new interpretations of field observations from shallow-water delta outcrops. Our experiments imply that the

Milankovitch cycles during the Phanerozoic affected paleoclimate, the onset/termination of glacial/interglacial periods, sea-level changes, and thus the distribution of different facies in sedimentary basins. The effects of astronomical forcing have been recorded as astronomical frequency signals in sedimentary sequences through geological history. In this research, for the first time, the signal of

Quantitative models of large and widely populated Quaternary foreland basins, which host relevant resources like groundwater, heat, and fertile soils, may be computed if space–time models of the basin fills are available. The paper presents the combination of geometrical (space) and evolutionary (time) constraints to model Quaternary stratigraphy in the southern Po basin in Lombardy, disentangling

Accurately identifying contourites and analysing the interaction between turbidity flows and bottom currents from the mixed turbidite-contourite systems (MTCSs) in the deep-sea environments are still challenging. Reports on ancient MTCSs are scarce and most of them remain contentious. This study describes at various scales the sedimentological and sedimentary geological characteristics of the Middle

Seven internally-deformed layers were recognised in the shallow marine bay sediments deposited during mid Marine Isotope Stage 2 along the Latvian Baltic Sea coast bluff at Baltmuiža. Detailed sedimentological analyses of these deformed layers indicate that liquefaction was responsible for the development of soft-sediment deformation structures (SSDS) including injection structures, load casts, flame

The Lower Ordovician mixed carbonate–shale Dumugol Formation of Korea was analysed to compare the stratal thickness and facies proportion of measured and decompacted successions and to assess the effect of compaction on the interpretation of cyclicity. Metre-scale cyclic units (MSUs) in the formation consist in part of outer-shelf shale, distal to intermediate mid-ramp limestone–shale couplets, and

The Pliocene (5.33–2.58 Ma) was the last period in the Earth's history when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were similar to today (~400 ppm) and global mean temperatures were significantly warmer. In the Mediterranean, the Pliocene, and more particularly the Piacenzian (3.6–2.58 Ma), has been intensively studied but less is known about the Early Pliocene climate. This study aims at filling this gap

The orthoceratite limestone of the Ordovician epicontinental sea of Baltoscandia is one of the oldest Phanerozoic examples of pelagic marine red beds (MRBs). Being enriched in authigenic haematite, MRBs are considered to be sensitive palaeoceanographic redox indicators. In this paper, the origin of the reddening of the Ordovician MRBs and its timing and redox conditions were addressed at two sections

Discharge variability-based facies models are key to understanding depositional dynamics and controlling mechanisms of fluvial accumulation. The well-exposed Silurian-Devonian Jaicós Formation, lower Parnaíba Basin, NE Brazil, allows for detailed fluvial architectural analyses in terms of variations in discharge patterns. This field-based study comprises a collection of high-resolution sedimentological

The redox state of ancient seawater is crucial to understanding the variations in atmospheric and oceanic conditions in the geological past. Rare earth elements + Y (REY) in marine carbonates are believed to be one potential proxy for rebuilding paleoredox conditions. The impact of diagenetic alterations on REY distribution patterns and the Cerium anomaly, however, remains debatable. One deep well

The Siwalik Group extending east-west collinear to the Himalayan southern front records Himalayan denudation history. In this study, we present sandstone petrography, heavy mineral assemblages, Nd isotopes and chemical composition of detrital garnet from the Siwalik succession along the Muksar Khola section. This study reveals the Tibetan Tethys Himalaya, Higher Himalayan Crystalline and Lesser Himalaya

Marine dolomitization processes are characterized by complex variations in hydrological conditions and pore-fluid chemistry. Deposition of massive dolomitized carbonates on the Comanche Platform of south Texas, USA, during the Albian coincided with multiple fluctuations in sea level, thereby providing an ideal setting to study the response of magnesium isotopes to dolomitization during eustatic sea-level

Integrated time-separated remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), microbiology, and carbonate sedimentology of the tidal-flat portion of Andros Island (Great Bahama Bank) quantify the geomorphologic change of tidal-flat facies through time and illustrate how sea-level rise, among other controls, is recorded within these deposits. In the 75 years spanned by the remote-sensing datasets

The present paper focuses on the fluvial architecture and depositional facies model of the Late Cretaceous large sandy braided-river system of the Nubia Formation in the central Eastern Desert of Egypt. Six lithofacies types and two paleosol pedotypes (entisol and vertisol) are arranged in channel and overbank architectural elements that display first- to fifth-order bounding surfaces. Two distinctive

This petrographic and petrophysical study constrains parameters controlling porosity-permeability heterogeneity in unconventional microporous lime mudstones reservoir of the Lower Bab Member (Aptian) deposited in intrashelf Bab basin, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Depositional texture and diagenetic processes control the petrophysical properties of the mudstones. The high concentration of coccoliths

Detailed bed-by-bed ichnological and sedimentological analysis of the early Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE) in two sections from the Asturian Basin – Rodiles and Lastres – reveals changes in the macrobenthic tracemaker community mainly induced by oxygen fluctuations. Ichnological analysis enabled us to document an abundant and diverse trace fossil assemblage, with ten ichnogenera, probably corresponding

Existing fan-delta depositional models for lacustrine basins do not adequately address significant wave- and storm-related processes. However, in many lakes, such high-energy processes can be effectively driven by winds. As such, the prevailing wind direction determines the propagation direction of wind-induced waves. Observations from modern examples show that wave-dominated deposits commonly exist

Investigating rift basins and their provenance is difficult because their tectonic framework is continuously evolving. The Beibuwan Basin in the South China Sea is a typical rift basin that shares many characteristics of major rift basins worldwide. We present new detrital zircon UPb ages from the Beibuwan basin and, by combining with published data from surrounding drainages, are able to define its

Loess-palaeosol sequences represent the most complete terrestrial archives of Quaternary climatic cyclicality. Particle size and geochemistry are widely used proxy data in palaeoclimatologic analysis of loess-palaeosol sequences. The palaeoclimatologic signals hidden in the texture and chemical composition of the Czech loess-palaeosol sequences, which are part of the European loess belt, are modulated

Located in southern Iceland, Geysir was first named in 1647 and thereafter became the eponym for geysers that are known from geothermal areas throughout the world. As noted by many early explorers, Geysir has a long history of erratic eruptions with periods of activity alternating with periods of dormancy. Vertical sections through the discharge apron, exposed in the valley cut by Geysisgil along its

The sedimentary record of the maar lake succession at Camp dels Ninots (Pliocene, NE Spain) reflects mineralogical shifts that correlate with orbitally forced climate changes. X-ray powder diffraction was obtained from a 47 m-long core collected from a borehole drilled in the centre of the paleolake. The results show compositional variations in terms of allogenic/authigenic mineral assemblages which

A poorly understood Mississippian to basal Pennsylvanian succession is preserved in parts of northern Utah, western USA. The mudrock- and carbonate-dominated Manning Canyon Formation and lateral equivalents have been referred to as “cyclothems” and might therefore be expected to preserve a record of repeated, late Paleozoic sea-level excursions similar to cyclothemic successions elsewhere in the paleotropics

The Langhian was a time of clastic/carbonate deposition over many fault blocks in the Gulf of Suez due to rising eustatic sea level coupled with a warming trend. These deposits are of great interest as they are important hydrocarbon reservoirs. A detailed study on facies organization, depositional geometries and internal architecture of surface analogues helps to realize the reservoir heterogeneity

The Late Miocene-Pleistocene Gyirong Basin in the central Himalaya provides a record of basin evolution in response to tectonic extension within the active Himalaya orogen. The up to ~550-m-thick basin fill can be subdivided, from bottom to top, into four stratigraphic units with distinctly different lithofacies associations: alluvial fan, debris flow, lacustrine-fan delta, and braided river. Analysis

A high resolution seismic stratigraphic study of the western edge of the Malta Plateau (central Mediterranean Sea) was conducted to reconstruct the depositional mechanisms of the shelf-slope system since the end of the Messinian salinity crisis (MSC; 5.3 Ma). The accurate interpretation of a large grid of variable-resolution seismic reflection profiles (multichannel and Sub Bottom) allows us to identify

Costa Rican Eocene–Oligocene carbonate deposits have been known for more than a hundred years, however, there are few scientific contributions detailing the relation between facies analysis and regional basin evolution. Based on a detailed study in southern Costa Rica, a chronologic history of a Bartonian–Aquitanian sedimentary succession is proposed. The carbonate facies analysis allows for eight

This study documents the coarse-grained fill of an upper slope, late Eocene Tokaren Canyon in the Carpathian Mountains, whose planform geometry and internal architecture were driven by normal faulting of an underlying carbonate platform. Facies analysis hints at a narrow shelf and a direct link to rivers draining a rapidly-uplifting hinterland. The axial part of the canyon consists of several meters

Sedimentary structures produced by benthic microbial mats have been reported from various ancient shallow-marine deposits, but examples from deep-marine settings are rare. This study focusses on the microbially induced sedimentary structures (MISS) from fine-grained clastic deposits and carbonates of the Oligocene Menilite Formation that were deposited in a deep-marine environment periodically affected

While tidal environments are ubiquitous around the planet, limited work on these systems, particularly those that are in microtidal settings, hinders our understanding of tidal paleo-environments. In this study, we analyze the modern sediment dynamics of the San Luis Pass area, a microtidal system located on the Texas Gulf Coast. The focus of this work is to characterize sediment distribution and establish

The accumulation processes of loess in Shandong Province record atmospheric circulation changes in eastern China, which can be used to explore the varying characteristics of the East Asian monsoons and the evolution of the local environment. In this study, parameterized grain size endmember analysis is used to reveal the characteristics of sedimentary dynamics, material sources, and environmental evolution

Abstract The Pleistocene and Holocene tufas of the Serra da Bodoquena (Bonito region, Brazilian Midwest) consist of several deposits related to a karstic system developed in the carbonatic rocks of Corumba Group. Tufas currently forming in the Serra da Bodoquena area (Mimoso and Formoso rivers) were investigated for a better understanding of which environmental changes control the deposition of different

The paleogeographic landscape is an important clue to clarify the controversy on the paleoposition of South China within the supercontinental cycles. We therefore conducted a study of directional structures (34 datasets) and detrital zircons (707 analyses of five samples) from the southeastern margin of the Yangtze Block (SMYB). The principal results are as follows. (1) The sedimentary transport directions

Subaquatic mass movements are common in marine and lacustrine environments, but due to their barely predictable nature, direct observations of these processes are limited so that knowledge is only indirectly obtained by investigating the resulting mass-transport deposits (MTDs). Most research focuses on the most common frontally emergent slides, fast-moving events able to generate turbidity currents

Quaternary sediments along a belt that extends from inland to bottom sediments of the Tyrrhenian Sea in southern Tuscany, Italy, are characterized by high concentrations of As (up to >1000 mg/kg). Earlier studies ascribed this anomaly to anthropogenic activities, e.g., past metallurgical processes of materials mined from pyrite and polymetallic deposits. Such activities, however, can only explain local

Evaporites are of great significance because they provide crucial information on paleoclimate and hydrochemistry. This paper presents a depositional system comprising a mixture of siliciclastics, carbonates, and evaporites that recorded the Eocene sedimentary evolution in the western Qaidam Basin, China, in response to mountain building and climate change. Based on lithology and rock textures, three

Characterising deformable substrates of modern and past ice sheets is a key factor in understanding ice mass behaviour and dynamics. This is challenging when field-scale signatures of deformation in soft sedimentary beds are weakly developed or absent. To overcome these difficulties, in this study, we combine micro- and macroscale studies and quantitative analyses to decipher the nature of subglacial

Here, we provide a detailed facies and depositional record from a NE-SW-directed, 250-km-long transect across a distally steepened, Middle Jurassic carbonate ramp in the northern Tethyan realm (Iran). Among the six main facies types described, two stand out because of their beyond-regional significance: (i) Middle Callovian microbial and microbial-skeletal mounds embedded in muddy intermound sediment

Natural hazards such as earthquakes, volcanic activity, and heavy rainfall causing floods and debris avalanches are common phenomena in many tropical settings, including the island of Sumatra, located in the Indonesian archipelago. To enhance our understanding of the recurrence of these often destructive events, we studied the sedimentary infill of two lakes in the Padang highlands, West Sumatra. This

Interpretations of depositional environments of Precambrian carbonates are commonly difficult because of their monotonous appearance and paucity of biological components. The REE + Y signatures of Precambrian carbonates can, however, provide insights into their original depositional environments, terrestrial contamination, and/or diagenetic modifications. This is exemplified by consideration of the

The Marmara Sea (area 11,350 km2; volume 3378 km3; central basins >1100 m deep) straddles the North Anatolian Transform Fault separating the Eurasian and Aegean-Anatolian tectonic plates. Along with the shallow straits of Dardanelles and Bosphorus (depths ~63 m and ~40 m, respectively), the Marmara Sea forms the only marine connection between the Black Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. During Pleistocene

In New Caledonia, upper Cretaceous to Palaeogene sedimentary rocks record a regional tectonic shift from Cretaceous extension to Eocene compression, which led to the obduction of oceanic mantle onto the northeastern tip of the submerged Zealandia continent. This study provides new descriptions of these successions in the region of the Gouaro anticline, from outcrops and an extensively cored, 1.9 km