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Hybrid simulation: An early history Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Masayoshi Nakashima
This historical note reports on the early days of the development of an experimental method called “hybrid simulation.” As background, the seeds of this concept, initiated in the early 1970s by Japanese researchers, are presented first, followed by initial efforts (regarded as Stage I) to realize the concept of hybrid simulation and its first applications to explore the seismic performance of structures
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A new formulation for a code‐based vertical design spectrum Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-18 Özkan Kale; Sinan Akkar
Consideration of vertical seismic design loads is important for long‐span structural systems, short‐period structures, and for some nonstructural components in the buildings. To this end, seismic design codes utilize alternative approaches to define vertical design spectrum at different levels of complexity: either as a fraction of horizontal design spectrum or using a separate functional form having
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Dynamic analysis of track nonlinear energy sinks subjected to simple and stochastice excitations Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 Jingjing Wang; Bin Wang; Nicholas E. Wierschem; Billie F. Spencer
Track nonlinear energy sinks (track NESs) have been shown to be an effective and applicable strategy to mitigate structural response in recent years. However, previous studies on track NESs has mainly focused on demonstrating the benefits of track NESs through numerical simulations and experiments, with relatively little attention paid to the analytical understanding of the unique dynamics of track
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Seismic demands on nonstructural components anchored to concrete accounting for structure‐fastener‐nonstructural interaction (SFNI) Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-09 Andreas Pürgstaller; Patricio Quintana Gallo; Stefano Pampanin; Konrad Bergmeister
This paper investigates the influence of the hysteretic shear behavior of postinstalled anchors in concrete on the seismic response of nonstructural components (NSCs) using numerical methods. The purpose of the investigation is to evaluate current design requirements for NSC and their anchorage. Current design guidelines and simplified methods, such as floor response spectra (FRS), typically approach
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Mainshock‐consistent ground motion record selection for aftershock sequences Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-07 Athanasios N. Papadopoulos; Mohsen Kohrangi; Paolo Bazzurro
In recent years, the additional risk posed to the built environment due to aftershock sequences and triggered events has been brought to attention, and several efforts have been directed towards developing fragility functions for structures in damaged conditions. Despite this rise of interest, a rather fundamental component for such tasks, namely that of aftershock ground motion record selection, has
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Cluster computing‐aided model updating for a high‐fidelity finite element model of a long‐span cable‐stayed bridge Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-07 Kaiqi Lin; You‐Lin Xu; Xinzheng Lu; Zhongguo Guan; Jianzhong Li
Accurate and high‐fidelity finite element (FE) models are in great demand in the design, performance assessment, and life‐cycle maintenance of long‐span cable‐stayed bridges. The structural system of a long‐span cable‐stayed bridge is often huge in size and complex with many components connected and various materials constituted. Therefore, the FE model of a long‐span cable‐stayed bridge involves a
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Mainshock‐aftershock state‐dependent fragility curves: A case of wood‐frame houses in British Columbia, Canada Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-04 Lizhong Zhang; Katsuichiro Goda; Flavia De Luca; Raffaele De Risi
During a mainshock‐aftershock (MSAS) sequence, there is no time to retrofit structures that are damaged by a mainshock; therefore, aftershocks could cause additional damage. This study proposes a new approach to develop state‐dependent fragility curves using real MSAS records. Specifically, structural responses before and after each event of MSAS sequences are used to obtain statistical relationships
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Issue Information Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-09
No abstract is available for this article.
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Numerical homogenization‐based seismic assessment of an English‐bond masonry prototype: Structural level application Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-27 Luís C. Silva; Paulo B. Lourenço; Gabriele Milani
A multiscale strategy is evaluated at a structural level for the analysis of unreinforced masonry structures. The mechanical characterization of the masonry is deduced from homogenization‐based micro‐scale finite element (FE) models. The derived data are here employed at a structural level via a discrete FE model. The discrete FE model is composed of quadrilateral rigid plates interconnected through
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Pre‐ and post‐earthquake regional loss assessment using deep learning Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-25 Taeyong Kim; Junho Song; Oh‐Sung Kwon
As urban systems become more highly sophisticated and interdependent, their vulnerability to earthquake events exhibits a significant level of uncertainties. Thus, community‐level seismic risk assessments are indispensable to facilitate decision making for effective hazard mitigation and disaster responses. To this end, new frameworks for pre‐ and post‐earthquake regional loss assessments are proposed
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Research on the seismic retrofitting performance of RC frames using SC‐PBSPC BRBF substructures Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-24 Xu‐Yang Cao; Gang Wu; De‐Cheng Feng; Zhun Wang; Hao‐Ran Cui
A new type of external substructure to upgrade existing reinforced concrete frames (RCFs) is presented in this paper, namely, a self‐centering precast bolt‐connected steel‐plate reinforced concrete buckling‐restrained brace frame (SC‐PBSPC BRBF). The upgrade mechanism and three‐dimensional simulation model were analyzed based on relevant experiment validations. A quasistatic analysis and parameter
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Bidirectional shaking table tests of a low‐cost friction sliding system with flat‐inclined surfaces Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-22 Miguel B. Brito; Mitsuyoshi Akiyama; Yoshitaka Ichikawa; Hiroki Yamaguchi; Riki Honda; Naomitsu Ishigaki
A novel low‐cost friction sliding system for bidirectional excitation is developed to improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers. The sliding system is a spherical prototype developed by combining a central flat surface with an inclined spherical segment, characterized by stable oscillation and a large reduction in response accelerations on the flat surface. The inclined
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Dynamics of a sliding‐rocking block considering impact with an adjacent wall Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-17 Yu Bao; Dimitrios Konstantinidis
A freestanding rigid block subjected to base excitation can exhibit complicated motion described by five response modes: rest, pure rocking, pure sliding, combined sliding‐rocking, and free flight. Previous studies on the dynamics of a rocking block have assumed that the block does not interact with neighboring objects. However, there are many applications in which the block may start or come in contact
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A Self‐tuning Robust Control System for nonlinear real‐time hybrid simulation Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-13 Amin Maghareh; Shirley J. Dyke; Christian E. Silva
In a real‐time hybrid simulation, a transfer system is used to enforce the interface interaction between computational and physical substructures. A model‐based, multilayer nonlinear control system is developed to accommodate extensive performance variations and uncertainties in a physical substructure. The aim of this work is to extend the application of real‐time hybrid simulation to investigating
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A model‐order reduction framework for hybrid simulation based on component‐mode synthesis Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-12 Gaetano Miraglia; Milos Petrovic; Giuseppe Abbiati; Nebojsa Mojsilovic; Bozidar Stojadinovic
Testing of stiff physical substructures (PSs) still poses major technical issues that prevent from adopting hybrid simulation (HS) as a standard structural testing method. Firstly, elastic deformation of reaction frames, as well as the limited resolution of displacement transducers, deteriorate displacement control accuracy. Secondly, as a consequence of control errors, small perturbations of actuator
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Peak‐over‐threshold: Quantifying ground motion beyond design Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Pasquale Cito; Iunio Iervolino
In performance‐based seismic design, as adopted by several building codes worldwide, the structural performance is verified against ground motions that have predetermined exceedance return periods at the site of interest. Such a return period is evaluated by means of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), and the corresponding ground motion is often represented by the uniform hazard spectrum
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A vector‐valued intensity measure for near‐fault ground motions Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-11 Esra Zengin; Norman A. Abrahamson
Near‐fault ground motions containing high energy and large amplitude velocity pulses may cause severe damage to structures. The most widely used intensity measure (IM) is the elastic spectral acceleration at the fundamental period of the structure (Sa(T1)); however, Sa(T1) is not a sufficient IM with respect to the effects of the pulse‐like ground motions on structural response. For near‐fault ground
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Investigating the vibration properties of integrated ceiling systems considering interactions with surrounding equipment Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-09 Liangjie Qi; Keiichiro Kunitomo; Masahiro Kurata; Yoshiki Ikeda
Studies on recent earthquakes highlighted that buildings with minimal structural damage still suffer from extensive damage and failure of nonstructural components. The dropping and damage of suspended ceiling systems, which typically consist of acceleration‐sensitive nonstructural elements, resulted in lengthy functional disruptions and extended recovery time. This article experimentally and analytically
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Intensity measure conversion of fragility curves Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Akiko Suzuki; Iunio Iervolino
In seismic risk assessment of structures, fragility functions are the probabilistic characterization of vulnerability at the component and/or structural level, expressing the probability of failure as a function of a ground motion intensity measure (IM). Fragility curves, in general, are structure‐ and site‐specific, thus a comparison of fragility curves, then of vulnerability, is not straightforward
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Generalized dynamic analysis of structural single rocking walls (SRWs) Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-05 Dimitrios Kalliontzis; Arturo E. Schultz; Sri Sritharan
The investigation of structural single rocking walls (SRWs) continues to gain interest as they produce self‐centering lateral load responses with reduced structural damage. The simple rocking model with modifications has been shown to capture these responses accurately if the SRW and its underlying base are infinitely rigid. This paper advances previous rocking models by accounting for (1) the inelastic
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Energy‐consistent integration method and its application to hybrid testing Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Bin Wu; Tianlin Pan; Haowen Yang; Jinzhe Xie; Billie F. Spencer
The time‐integration algorithm is an indispensable element to determine response of the boundary of the numerical as well as physical parts in a hybrid test. Instability of the time‐integration algorithm may directly lead to failure of the test, so stability of an integration algorithm is particularly important for hybrid testing. The explicit algorithms are very popular in hybrid testing, because
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Characterization of the dynamic behavior of a concrete arch dam by means of forced vibration tests and numerical models Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-02-03 Jorge P. Gomes; José V. Lemos
The characterization of the dynamic behavior of an arch dam, and its evolution throughout the structure's lifetime, provides important data for the safety control process. Forced vibration tests remain a reliable technique for this purpose. The Baixo Sabor dam is a 123 m high arch dam recently built in Portugal. Forced vibration tests were performed before and after the reservoir filling. Two techniques
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Pushover‐based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation of masonry buildings Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-29 Jure Snoj; Matjaž Dolšek
A pushover‐based seismic risk assessment and loss estimation methodology for masonry buildings is introduced. It enables estimation of loss by various performance measures such as the probability of exceeding a designated economic loss, the expected annual loss, and the expected loss given a seismic intensity. The methodology enables the estimation of the economic loss directly from the results of
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Damping estimation of high‐rise buildings considering structural modal directions Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-21 Qiu‐Sheng Li; Kang Zhou; Xiao Li
One widespread problem in damping estimation of high‐rise buildings is the neglect of structural modal directions, which may induce beating in measured dynamic responses along building geometric axes and thereby induce errors in damping estimations to some extent. Based on a proposed two degrees of freedom (2‐DOF) simulation model, the effects of neglecting the modal directions on damping estimate
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Seismic reliability assessment and the nonergodicity in the modelling parameter uncertainties Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-10 Fatemeh Jalayer; Hossein Ebrahimian
Modelling uncertainty can significantly affect the structural seismic reliability assessment. However, the limit state excursion due to this type of uncertainty may not be described by a Poisson process as it lacks renewal properties with the occurrence of each earthquake event. Furthermore, considering uncertainties related to ground motion representation by employing recorded ground motions together
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Experimental and parametric investigation of effects of built‐in staircases on the dynamics of RC buildings Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-09 Faizan Ul Haq Mir; Durgesh C. Rai
Past earthquakes, in many instances, have demonstrated poor performance of commonly used built‐in staircase configurations. Codal provisions in India pertaining to staircases present a rather simple approach wherein the effects of built‐in staircases on the overall dynamic properties or on the local behavior of structures are not addressed explicitly. Studies in the past have highlighted the scale
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Efficient strong motion duration of pulse‐like records for nonlinear structural analyses Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Constantinos C. Repapis; Petros P. Mimoglou; Vicky V. Dimakopoulou; Ioannis N. Psycharis; Ioannis M. Taflampas
The special interest produced by near‐field directivity records and their effect on structural response has given a new significance in the velocity time history, its pulse‐like content, and relevant parameters and indices. Recent research has shown that directivity pulses inherent in these records govern the linear and the nonlinear response of a wide range of structures. Based on this observation
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Issue Information Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-03-02
No abstract is available for this article.
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Dynamic response and impact energy loss in controlled rocking members Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2019-12-30 Dimitrios Kalliontzis; Sri Sritharan
Unbonded posttensioning anchors a rocking structural member to its foundation and produces its controlled rocking response when the member undergoes seismic action. Unlike rocking of free‐standing bodies, little attention has been given to the dynamic behavior of these controlled rocking members. This paper utilizes experiments of concrete structural members with unbonded posttensioning, varying member
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Proposed methodology for building‐specific earthquake loss assessment including column residual axial shortening Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2019-12-13 Ahmed Elkady; Gerard Güell; Dimitrios G. Lignos
This paper proposes methodological developments for quantifying the impact of residual axial shortening of first‐story steel columns on earthquake loss estimations in steel moment‐resisting frame (MRF) buildings. A new formulation is proposed that accounts for the likelihood of having to demolish a steel MRF building due to column residual axial deformations in addition to residual story‐drift ratios
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Centrifuge modelling of structures with oil dampers under seismic loading Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Jad I. Boksmati; Gopal S.P. Madabhushi
Experimental research into the seismic performance of buildings with passive oil dampers has so far been restricted to large‐scale testing of frames erected on laboratory shaking tables that ignore the foundation soil below. This simplification of the problem falls short of replicating dynamic soil‐structure interaction that would occur in the field. This paper presents the first experimental attempt
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Aspects of bridge‐ground seismic response and liquefaction‐induced deformations Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-07 Zhijian Qiu; Ahmed Ebeido; Abdullah Almutairi; Jinchi Lu; Ahmed Elgamal; P. Benson Shing; Geoffrey Martin
Considerable bridge‐ground interaction effects are involved in evaluating the consequences of liquefaction‐induced deformations. Due to seismic excitation, liquefied soil layers may result in substantial accumulated permanent deformation of sloping ground near the abutments. Ultimately, global response is dictated by the bridge‐ground interaction as an integral system. However, a holistic assessment
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Incremental dynamic analysis and FEMA P695 seismic performance evaluation of a cold‐formed steel–framed building with gravity framing and architectural sheathing Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2020-01-03 Jiazhen Leng; Stephen G. Buonopane; Benjamin W. Schafer
The objective of this paper is to present incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) and seismic performance evaluation results for a two‐story cold‐formed steel (CFS)–framed building. The archetype building was designed to current U.S. standards and then subjected to full‐scale shake table tests under the U.S. National Science Foundation Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation (NEES) program. Test results
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A new model order reduction strategy adapted to nonlinear problems in earthquake engineering. Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2017-05-16 Franz Bamer,Abbas Kazemi Amiri,Christian Bucher
Earthquake dynamic response analysis of large complex structures, especially in the presence of nonlinearities, usually turns out to be computationally expensive. In this paper, the methodical developments of a new model order reduction strategy (MOR) based on the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method as well as its practical applicability to a realistic building structure are presented. The
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Shake Table Testing of an Elevator System in a Full-Scale Five-Story Building. Earthq. Eng. Sruct. Dyn. (IF 3.414) Pub Date : 2017-03-01 Xiang Wang,Tara C Hutchinson,Rodrigo Astroza,Joel P Conte,José I Restrepo,Matthew S Hoehler,Waldir Ribeiro
This paper investigates the seismic performance of a functional traction elevator as part of a full-scale five-story building shake table test program. The test building was subjected to a suite of earthquake input motions of increasing intensity, first while the building was isolated at its base, and subsequently while it was fixed to the shake table platen. In addition, low-amplitude white noise