We present a new numerical scheme for solving one-dimensional conduction problems and in the radial direction of a spherically symmetric body or shell with variable spatial domain. This numerical scheme adopts a solution of the conduction equation in each interval of the chosen discretization which is valid if the fluxes at the interval boundaries are constant in time. This ‘piece-wise steady flux’

A multi-parametric study of the space-time evolution of the seismicity from 2015 to the beginning of 2020 is performed within a well-focused area, located between the Alps and the Prealps, in the central part of the Friuli Venezia Giulia region (Northeastern Italy). The study area is characterized by a complex tectonic pattern resulting from the interference of differently oriented fault systems and

Volcanic gases supplied a large part of Earth's early atmosphere, but constraints on the value of this flux are scarce. Here we model how C-O-H outgassing could have evolved through the late Hadean and early Archean, under the conditions that global plate tectonics had not yet initiated, all outgassing was subaerial, and graphite was the stable carbon phase in the melt source regions. The model fully

Interpretation of information available from seismic data in terms of temperature and composition requires an understanding of the physical properties of minerals, in particular, the elastic properties of candidate Earth minerals at the relevant (here, lower mantle) pressure and temperature. A common practice for the bulk elastic properties is to measure volume at a range of pressures and temperatures

In the present work we investigated changes in the extent of regularity (randomness) of seismic process in fixed time span windows. A comparison with a set of randomized catalogues was accomplished basing on spatial, temporal and energetic characteristics of a seismic process. Increments of cumulative times, increments of cumulative distances and increments of cumulative seismic energies have been

The Deccan volcanic province (DVP; ~65 Ma old) of India is one of the classic examples of continental flood basalts. One of the most favoured hypotheses for DVP emplacement is “eruption through fissures” facilitated by major pre or syn-Deccan crustal extension. Determination of magma flow direction in its feeder dyke system provides clues on its possible association with a mantle plume, depth and number

Archaeomagnetic data are fundamental for our understanding of the evolution of Earth's magnetic field on centennial to millennial timescales. From the earliest studies of the Thelliers, Aitken, Nagata and others in the 1950s and 1960s, archaeomagnetic data have been vital for extending our knowledge of the field to times prior to observational measurements. Today, many thousands of archaeomagnetic

This paper summarizes the pattern of paleomagnetic secular variation (PSV) and excursions within MIS 6–7 (130–243 ka) from the western North Atlantic Ocean – ODP Sites 1060–1063. Composite high-resolution PSV records (both directions and relative paleointensity) have been developed for each site and inter-compared. There are 65 correlatable inclination features, 67 correlatable declination features

Modelling regional-scale attenuation of seismic waves at ~1 Hz is challenging, especially when these waves propagate across both continental and oceanic crust. Recent developments in seismic imaging and modelling have provided us with the computational tools necessary to reconstruct these mixed settings using deterministic (coherent) and stochastic (coda) information. Here, we present new tomographic

Stable stratification at the top of the Earth's outer core has been suggested based upon seismic and geomagnetic observations, however, the origin of the layer is still unknown. In this paper we focus on a thermal origin for the layer and conduct a systematic study on the thermal evolution of the core. We develop a new numerical code to model the growth of thermally stable layers beneath the CMB, integrated

We conduct a systematic analysis of the frequency-moment distribution of earthquake populations in Wadati-Benioff zones, motivated by a three-fold increase in the available GlobalCMT database since the previous study by Okal and Kirby (1995), in which some datasets may have been undersampled. We use 100-km depths bins, processed with both least-squares and maximum-likelihood algorithms, and apply an

Seven new archeointensity data are obtained through the analysis of groups of pottery and kiln fragments from ceramic workshops unearthed in France, precisely dated from the High Middle Ages. The measurements are carried out using the Triaxe magnetometer, following a dedicated experimental protocol that takes into account the effects of anisotropy and cooling rate (CR) on thermoremanent magnetization

In 1799, Laplace derived the system of differential equations (now called Liouville-Euler) that fully describes the motions of the rotation axis of any celestial body. Laplace showed that only the gravitational forces and kinetic moments from other celestial bodies influence the rotation of any one of them. The equations involve three Euler angles that specify the motions of a body's rotation axis;

Here we report a detailed archaeomagnetic and rock-magnetic study of a pottery kiln from Burgos (Spain) to reconstruct its burning conditions and date its last use and abandonment age. During the course of a rescue archaeological excavation carried out in 2015 in the center of Burgos city, a medieval pottery workshop was discovered. Two well-preserved kilns appeared and archaeomagnetic analyses were

Complex geological structures and processes that took place in the Dharwar craton formation make it difficult to understand the evolution history. 3-D magnetotelluric inversion is a challenging task for the imaging of sub-surface structures. Data at 40 stations in a gridded fashion are used in this study for inversion. A controversy exists regarding the subduction polarity between the eastern and western

We obtained the 3D crustal velocity structure of the Central Alborz region in northern Iran using local earthquake tomography. We used P-wave arrival-time data recorded by stations from three national observatories consisting of the Iranian Seismological Center, the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology, and the Tehran Disaster Management and Mitigation Organization along

Inference of thermodynamic state and full-spectrum mechanical behavior of the lithosphere and asthenosphere is a central problem in geophysics, implicating our understanding of the convection patterns, transient responses and chemical composition of the planet. Anelasticity is responsible for significant relaxation of stress associated with seismic wave propagation in the asthenosphere, while irreversible

Seismic anisotropy is a key observational tool for mapping flow in Earth's upper mantle. However, interpreting patterns of anisotropy relies on a firm understanding of the microphysical mechanisms that generate anisotropy. Here we discuss our current understanding of the generation of intrinsic and extrinsic seismic anisotropy in upper-mantle rocks. Intrinsic anisotropy results from the elastic anisotropy

We report experimental results on the bulk modulus of partially molten peridotite at mantle conditions, using a multi-anvil high pressure apparatus coupled with synchrotron X-ray radiation. A sinusoidal pressure at an amplitude of 180 MPa with period of 360 s is applied to the sample as a function of temperature. The sample volume derived from the X-ray radiograph also demonstrated sinusoidal variation

As a comment on Seismic Electric Signals (SES) and earthquakes: A review of an updated VAN method and competing hypotheses for SES generation and earthquake triggering, herein we present the analysis of time series gathered by three MT stations located in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia, for evaluating the electric and magnetic fields during an interval of several days. Records allow estimating