Particle morphology and elemental compositions are among the crucial parameters of aerosols required for accurate understanding of the climatic effect of aerosols in the earth-atmosphere system; yet their vertical distributions and region specific properties are poorly characterised due to sparse in-situ measurements. This is the first study to classify and quantify the vertical distributions of the

This paper presents the trends of gaseous nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia and nitrate, ammonium, sulfate ions in atmospheric air, and nitrate, ammonium and sulfate ions in wet deposition over 2008–2018 in Armenia. Atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur concentrations were monitored by data obtained from filter pack samplers and glass sinter filters at background monitoring station of

Humic-like substances (HULIS), the most ubiquitous class of water-soluble organic compounds in the atmosphere could enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and play a significant role in impacting aerosol chemistry and health effects. In this study, twenty-three PM2.5 samples were collected in the atmosphere of suburban Shanghai from November 29 to December 17, 2015, and March 17 to

The chemical composition of particulate matter impacts both human health and climate. In this study, the chemical characteristics of particulate matter was measured for four months (November 2016–February 2017) at Varanasi, which is located in the middle of the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB). The daily observed mean values of PM10 and PM2.5 are 134 ± 48 and 213 ± 80 μg/m3, respectively, which exceeds both

Abstract Observations of carbonaceous species [organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC), carbonaceous aerosols (CAs) and secondary organic carbon (SOC) ] and trace elements (As, Cr, Ni, Zn, Na, Mg, Al, P, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, and Mn) in PM10 are made over a high altitude site (ARIES, Nainital, 29.4° N, 79.5° E, ~1958 m amsl) in the central Himalayan region during October

Clouds, fogs, and rain can serve as useful integrators of both atmospheric aerosols and soluble trace gases. To better understand the chemical characteristics of sea fog and rain in the North and South Pacific Ocean, fog and rain were measured aboard the R/V ARAON in 2012 and 2014, respectively, as part of the Ship-borne Pole-to-Pole Observations (SHIPPO) project. The mean sea fog pH (3.59) was lower

The concentrations of suspended particulate matter PM10 in two-month winter period, i.e. December–January in years 2009–2015, were analyzed in relation to the values of wind speed in that time. It was possible to analyze results of air pollution measurements performed in the measuring station from the perspective of their higher levels in winter seasons (so-called smog episodes). Results from 3 stations

The properties of the atmospheric aerosols depend on the source region and on the modifications that occur during their transport in the air. We have studied physical and chemical properties of aerosols along with their sink mechanism over two locations in southwest India, an urban site (Pune) and well-established climate observatory at Sinhagad (SINH), which represents rural and high altitude site

The major ions in precipitation can reflect the conditions of the atmosphere, while stable isotopic characteristics provide information on the moisture source. In order to understand the local hydro-chemical features and regional geochemical cycle, it is essential to assess the chemical composition of precipitation and the associated sources. Therefore, a total of 57 precipitation samples (2016 to

Particulate matter (PM) can affect climate, air quality, human health, acid deposition and visibility, and contain a significant fraction of organic (OC) and elemental carbon (EC). Southern Africa is an important source region for OC and EC, however, little OC and EC data have been published for this region. This paper presents a multi-year, multi-site (an urban-industrial site in the Vaal Triangle

The rapid economic development and significant expansion of urban agglomerations in China have resulted in issues associated with haze and photochemical smog. Central China, a transitional zone connecting the eastern coast and western interior, suffers from increasing atmospheric pollution. This study performed a spatio-temporal analysis of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in Changsha, a provincial

Continuous online measurements of fine particulate matter mass (PM2.5) and its chemical composition were carried out at an urban monitoring site in Wuhan from March 2017 to February 2018. The PM2.5 mass concentration ranged from 6.3 to 223 μg/m3, with the highest in winter and the lowest in summer. Water soluble ions (WSIs) were the most abundant component in PM2.5 (28.8 ± 22.9 μg/m3), followed by

A total of 30 precipitation samples were collected at a remote site of Qinghai Lake in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China, from June to August 2010. All samples were analyzed for major cations (NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) and anions (F−, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−), electric conductivity (EC), pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and oxygen isotopic composition (δ18O). The volume-weighted mean (VWM)

Real-time simultaneous measurements of rainwater and PM10 chemistry were carried out at Delhi during the year 2016–17 in order to assess the levels of carbonaceous species and their wet scavenging during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons at Delhi. The PM10 samples were collected Before Rain (BR), During Rain (DR) and After Rain (AR) events, while rainwater samples collected on an event basis. The ambient

Optical properties of atmospheric particles at Mexico City (UNAM) and Queretaro (JQRO) were measured with a Photoacoustic Extinctiometer (PAX) at 870 nm. The Mexico City Metropolitan Area has around 21 million inhabitants and Queretaro Metropolitan Area has little more than a million. Observations of meteorological parameters (relative humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed) were used to identify

In order to investigate particulate matter characteristics in the urban area of Naples, South of Italy, PM10 and PM2.5 chemical composition and properties were determined; in particular, ionic composition (Na+, K+, NH4+, Mg2+, Ca2+, HCOO-, CH3COO−, Cl−, NO2−, NO3−, SO42−, C2O42−) and concentration of specific metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) were evaluated in association with an air masses trajectories study

This study presents a yearlong data set of 28 medium-chain functionalised carboxylic acids (C5 to C10) in atmospheric aerosol particles (PM10) from a German rural measurement station, which is analysed to obtain seasonal trends and evidences for possible sources of these rarely studied compounds. The analysed carboxylic acids were divided into four main groups: (I) functionalised aliphatic monocarboxylic

A recent paper reported GCxGC-TOFMS analysis used for the first time in southern Africa to tentatively characterise and semi-quantify ~1000 organic compounds in aerosols at Welgegund – a regional background atmospheric monitoring station. Ambient polar organic aerosols characterised are further explored in terms of temporal variations, as well as the influence of meteorology and sources. No distinct

Lightning is an important source of nitrogen oxides (LNOx). The actual global production of LNOx is still largely uncertain. One of the reasons for this uncertainty is the limited available observation data. We measured the concentrations of total reactive nitrogen (NOy), nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxides (NO2) and then obtained NOx oxidation products (NOz: NOz = NOy - NOx) at a station at the

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important organic pollutant in the air-water carbon cycle system, potentially influencing the global climate. In this study, 204 rainwater samples from five sampling stations in the Mt. Yulong region were synchronously collected from June to September in 2014. We comprehensively investigated the sources and wet deposition of DOC in summer precipitation. The average

Daily PM2.5 samples were collected in Nanjing, a megacity in southeastern China, for a period of one-half of a month during every season from 2014~2015. Mass concentrations of nine water soluble inorganic ions (F−, Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+ and Ca2+) were determined using ion chromatography to identify the chemical characteristics and potential sources of PM2.5. The mass concentrations

The purpose of this paper is to develop an emission inventory of anthropogenic air pollutants and VOCs species in Sichuan Province. Based on the anthropogenic source activity data collected in different cities of Sichuan Province and the selected emission factors, the 1 km × 1 km gridded atmospheric air pollutant emission inventory of 2015 was developed in the “bottom-up” and “top-down” approaches

Alkaline earth metals act as dominating acid-neutralizing species in atmosphere and hence, regulate the rain water chemistry significantly. In this contribution, concentrations of these metals (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) and other major ions in rain water samples, collected during south-west monsoon of year 2017, from a coastal location (Berhampur) in eastern part of India have been analyzed to trace their

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Changes in the frequency of precipitation as a result of a changing climate, as well as anthropogenic induced deposition of nitrogen (N), both have the potential to alter grassland productivity and diversity. Central U.S. weather patterns are dominated by three major air mass trajectories including regional sources from the Gulf of Mexico (marine tropical, Mt), the Pacific Northwest (mild pacific,

This study reports for the first-time the ambient concentrations of HULIS mass (HULIS-OM, Humic-like substances) and HULIS-C (carbon) in PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm) from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP at Kanpur, wintertime). HULIS extraction followed by purification and isolation protocol with methanol: acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) on HLB (Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balanced) cartridge

Atmospheric particle-bound mercury levels were measured in PM10 aerosols (HgP) at a rural site (Mahasar, Haryana) during winter 2014–15 and summer 2015. The PM10 HgP was determined by using Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry through standard addition methods while the trace metals were determined by using an Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The mass concentrations of HgP varied from 591

One-dimensional radiative-convective and photochemical models are used to examine the effects of enhanced CO2 concentrations on the surface temperature of the early Earth and the composition of the prebiotic atmosphere. Carbon dioxide concentrations of the order of 100-1000 times the present level are required to compensate for an expected solar luminosity decrease of 25-30%, if CO2 and H2O were the

Hygroscopicity measurements of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles often show inconsistent results between the supersaturated and subsaturated regimes, with higher activity as cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) than indicated by hygroscopic growth. In this study, we have investigated the discrepancy between the two regimes in the Lund University (LU) smog chamber. Various anthropogenic SOA were

Temporal variations in atmospheric hydrogen sulphide concentrations and its biosphere-atmosphere exchanges were studied in the World’s largest mangrove ecosystem, Sundarbans, India. The results were used to understand the possible contribution of H2S fluxes in the formation of atmospheric aerosol of different size classes (e.g. accumulation, nucleation and coarse mode). The mixing ratio of hydrogen

PM10 samples were collected to characterize the seasonal and annual trends of carbonaceous content in PM10 at an urban site of megacity Delhi, India from January 2010 to December 2017. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) concentrations were quantified by thermal-optical transmission (TOT) method of PM10 samples collected at Delhi. The average concentrations of PM10, OC, EC and TCA (total

Aerosols consist of organic and inorganic species, and the composition and concentration of these species depends on their sources, chemical transformation and sinks. In this study an assessment of major inorganic ions determined in three aerosol particle size ranges collected for 1 year at Welgegund in South Africa was conducted. SO42− and ammonium (NH4+) dominated the PM1 size fraction, while SO42−

In this work, the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique is utilized to analyze the surface chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) which was collected from various locations at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The main elements found on the surface of PM are carbon (C), oxygen (O) and silicon (Si) with combined percentage of 89.4–94.9 while traces of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al)

To explore the freezing effect on iron (Fe) solubility in natural environments, especially in Polar regions, event based freshly fallen snow samples were collected at Newark, New Jersey on the US East Coast for two consecutive winter seasons (2014–2015 and 2015–2016). These samples were analyzed for the concentrations of soluble iron (Fesol) using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and filterable iron (Fefil) and

APEC blue was coined to describe the impact of short-term curbs on air pollution during the Asian-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit organized in Beijing in November 2014 and has been a hot topic among both general public and scientific sector in China. The consensus that gaseous agents NO2 and SO2 are greatly reduced in response to the control and restriction strategies implemented during

Ambient concentrations of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and water soluble inorganic ionic components (WSIC) of PM10 were studied at Giridih, Jharkhand, a sub-urban site near the Indo Gangatic Plain (IGP) of India during two consecutive winter seasons (November 2011–February 2012 and November 2012–February 2013). The abundance of carbonaceous and water soluble inorganic species of PM10

Nitrogen-containing organic compounds (NOC) formed from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) age via reaction with reduced nitrogen species are a vital class of brown carbon compounds. NOC compounds from ammonia (NH3) gas-aging of benzene SOA were investigated in present study, and the experiments were performed by irradiating benzene/CH3ONO/NO/NH3 air mixtures in a home-made smog chamber. The particulate

Three online coupled chemical transport model simulations were analyzed for three summer months of 2015 in Poland. One of them was run with default emission inventory, the other two with NOx and VOC emissions reduced by 30%, respectively. Obtained ozone concentrations were evaluated with data from air quality measurement stations and ozone sensitivity to precursor emissions was estimated by ozone concentration

During the MILAGRO campaign, March 2006, eight-stage cut impactors were used to sample atmospheric particles at Tecámac (T1 supersite), towards the northeast edge of the Mexico City Metropolitan Area, collecting fresh local emissions and aged pollutants produced in Mexico City. Particle samples were analyzed to determine total mass concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, NH4 +, K+, Cl−, SO4 2−, and NO3 −. Average

Dibromomethane (CH2Br2), a natural stratospheric ozone depleting substance, is mostly emitted from the ocean, but the relative importance of coastal (or macroalgae) and open ocean emissions is unknown. We made long-term high-frequency measurements of CH2Br2 concentrations at two remote coastal sites in Japan, on the subtropical Hateruma Island (poor in macroalgae) and at Cape Ochiishi (rich in macroalgae)

Measurements of the concentrations of H2O2 and methyl hydroperoxide (MHP), O3, and SO2 over Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture, Japan were performed in March using a helicopter. H2O2 concentrations were higher at an altitude of approximately 2,400 m (8,000 ft). The H2O2 concentrations (< 0.8 ppb) in the spring were much lower than those observed during the summer observations. MHP was also higher in the

To determine the effects of long-range transport of aerosols from an upwind area in East Asia to a downwind area in Japan, we chemically analyzed aerosols collected simultaneously on Tuoji Island (Shandong Province, China), Fukue Island (Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan), and Cape Hedo (Okinawa Prefecture, Japan). We focused on changes in the metallic composition of PM2.5 aerosols during long-range transport

This study provides an analysis of a five-year time series chemical composition of the bulk deposition (2009–2013), collected within a farm surrounded by industrial and urban settlements in a semi-rural area of the Po Valley, with the aim of characterizing potential emission sources affecting precipitation composition at the site. Most monitoring efforts in this region, recognized as one of the most

An hourly quantification of inorganic water-soluble PM10 ions and corresponding trace gases was performed using the Monitor for AeRosols and Gases in ambient Air (MARGA) at the TROPOS research site in Melpitz, Germany. The data availability amounts to over 80% for the five-year measurement period from 2010 to 2014. Comparisons were performed for the evaluation of the MARGA, resulting in coefficients

Investigations about VOSCs (volatile organic sulfur compounds) have been received increasing attention for their significant contribution to the nonvolcanic background sulfate layer in the stratosphere and the earth’s radiation balance and as a potential tool to understand the carbon budget. In this study, COS and CS2 were always recorded throughout the entire rice cultivation season of 2014. COS fluxes

Comprehensive atmospheric studies have demonstrated that carbonaceous particles are one of the main components of atmospheric aerosols over Europe. The aim of our study was to establish an automated elemental analyser interfaced to a stable isotope mass spectrometer (EA-IRMS) method at the Hertelendi Laboratory of Environmental Studies (HEKAL), as a suitable method of quantification of total carbon

Measurements of hydroperoxides (H2O2 and MHP) at ground level were made from 2012 to 2015 in Imizu City, Toyama Prefecture in central Japan. H2O2 and MHP concentrations ranged from 0.01 to 3.5 ppb and from below the level of detection (< 0.01 ppb) to 1.4 ppb, respectively. The concentrations of H2O2 and MHP were high in the summer and low in the winter. The H2O2 concentration was at its maximum in

Although a large volume of monitoring and computer simulation data exist for global coverage of HF, study of HF in the troposphere is still limited to industry whose primary interest is the safety and risk assessment of HF release because it is a toxic gas. There is very limited information on atmospheric chemistry, emission sources, and the behavior of HF in the environment. We provide a comprehensive

The hydroxyl radical (OH) is important in both tropospheric and stratospheric chemical processes that occur in Earth’s atmosphere. The OH radical can also strongly hydrogen-bond to form complexes with other atmospheric constituents, like water molecules. Consequently, there is potential for altered reaction dynamics/kinetics as a result of this complexation. Without direct measurements of the abundances

Halogenated Very Short-lived Substances (VSLS), such as bromoform, dibromomethane and methyl iodide, are naturally produced in the oceans and are involved in ozone depletion in the troposphere and the stratosphere. The effect of climate change on the oceanic emissions of these compounds is not well quantified. Based on present-day observed global oceanic and atmospheric concentrations, and historic

We investigated and evaluated the occurrence of fault zone tracer gases (CO2, He, Rn), volatile organohalogens (CH3Cl, CHCl3, CHBr3), alkanes and limonene in soil and nest gases of red wood ants (RWA) in comparison to ambient air, in a seismically active area. In this new approach, we compared RWA-free areas to RWA-areas by combining different investigation and analytical methods. In soil gas, the

The size distribution of atmospheric aerosols together with their composition, sources and sinks, is a key element in understanding aerosol effects on the Earth’s climate. Aerosol particle size distribution and chemical composition were measured over the Southern Ocean and at Antarctic region during December 2009–March 2010. Aerosol samples were collected using multi-stage low volume Air Sampler, and

The seasonal intensive sampling of gases and particulate matter in ambient air was conducted at the site established in urban area of Japan to study the seasonal difference of the temporal variation of gases and particulate matter concentrations in urban atmosphere as well as to illustrate the different transport regimes that impacts air pollutants. The sample was collected by the four-stage filter-pack

Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl) is a chlorine-containing trace gas in the atmosphere contributing significantly to stratospheric ozone depletion (Carpenter et al. 2014). In the global CH3Cl budget, the atmospheric CH3Cl emissions is predominantly maintained by natural sources, of which magnitudes have been relatively well-constrained. However, significant uncertainties still remain in the CH3Cl emission strengths

Volatile organic iodine compounds (VOIs) emitted from the ocean surface to the air play an important role in atmospheric chemistry. Shipboard observations were conducted in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan, bimonthly or monthly from March 2012 to December 2014, to elucidate the seasonal variations of VOI concentrations in seawater and their sea-to-air iodine fluxes. The bay water exchanges with the open

The paper presents the temporal variations of surface ozone (O3) and its precursors (oxides of nitrogen (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH4) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs)) along with particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and their relationship with meteorology during January 2012 to December 2014 at an urban site of Delhi, India. The mean mixing ratio of surface O3, NOX, CO, CH4 and NMHCs

Haze-fog conditions over northern India are associated with visibility degradation and severe attenuation of solar radiation by airborne particles with various chemical compositions. PM2.5 samples have been collected in Delhi, India from December 2011 to November 2012 and analyzed for carbonaceous and inorganic species. PM10 measurements were made simultaneously such that PM10–2.5 could be estimated

The present paper reports chemistry and fluxes of dust-carbon mixed coarse particles. For the purpose of this study, different carbonaceous fractions i.e. organic carbon ((OC), elemental carbon (EC) and carbonate carbon (CC) of atmospheric dust and their respective local soils were quantified at three sites of National Capital Region (NCR) of Delhi viz. Jawaharlal Nehru University campus (JNU), Connaught

The hygroscopicity of organic aerosol in the atmosphere can be represented by a semi-empirical single parameter, κ. In this work we test possibilities for developing quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models for κ based on chemical similarity. Models were developed in two ways: by manually assessing the suitability of several plausible physico-chemical descriptors; and by systematically

In this paper we present first-time measurements of ozone profiles from a high altitude station in Quito, Ecuador (0.19°S, 78.4°W, and 2391 masl) taken from June 2014 to September 2015. We interpret ozone observations in the troposphere, tropopause, and stratosphere through a zonal comparison with data from stations in the Atlantic and Pacific (Natal and San Cristobal from the SHADOZ network). Tropospheric