The new steel–concrete composite rigid-frame bridge (SCCRFB) with concrete-filled double skin steel tube (CFDST) piers has been verified showing superior seismic performance, and a promising structural solution for bridge constructions near or above active faults. Previous experimental and numerical studies revealed that the damages of this bridge type under across-fault ground motions mainly concentrate

This paper illustrates an original and simple method to predict earthquake-induced deformations of geotechnical systems. The method is an extension of static non-linear analysis, and is conceived to predict the behaviour of geotechnical systems, like supported and unsupported excavations, that during the seismic motion accumulate displacements in a single direction. The seismic capacity of the system

A high percentage of reinforced concrete (RC) buildings in Portugal were designed and built before the introduction of modern seismic codes. This research aims to assess the seismic capacity and vulnerability of RC buildings in the city of Lisbon. For that purpose, nonlinear static procedures have been used and fragility curves have been developed. These buildings are reaching the end of their nominal

The damage on supply and drainage water networks is a serious cause of economic disruption for urban systems affected by earthquakes. Among various concerns, the ruptures of sewer pipes and manholes generated by liquefaction determine a particularly severe sanitary hazard and require extensive, costly and time-consuming repairs. Quantitative risk assessment carried out with the characterisation and

This paper analyses the seismic vulnerability of various rammed earth medieval fortifications situated in Southeastern Spain, where seismic events with intensity over VII have taken place in the last millennium, using the vulnerability index method. This method begins with the choice of a certain initial value, V0, of the vulnerability index, which is obtained from a preset range between maximum, \({\text{V}}_{0}^{

Earthquakes occur frequently in the Loess Plateau area, which result in damage to loess due to the disturbance of multiple cyclic loading. In this paper, the historical earthquake process is simulated by pre-dynamic loading treatment on undisturbed loess samples. Then cyclic tests are carried out on these treated samples to study the later liquefaction responses with different initial water content

Past lateral cyclic or seismic tests of concrete frames with smooth bars in columns are very few and limited as far as the test structure’s size and geometry are concerned; moreover, they have not focused on the effect of detailing and lap-splicing of such bars on local and global behaviour. To help fill this knowledge gap with new data, the paper presents the cyclic lateral load test of a 2:3-scale

Analytical seismic scenario-based probabilistic fragility relations form the spine of earthquake risk assessment and mitigation of RC high-rise wall buildings. In this study, a framework is proposed to develop both rigorous (refined) and less-demanding (cheaper) fragility relations for such structures. Multi-record incremental dynamic analysis is employed using a new scalar intensity measure and net

This study presents the cyclic performance of a reinforced concrete (RC) frame retrofitted using carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) jackets. A damaged two-story non-ductile RC frame with the open ground story and the masonry-infilled top story was considered as the test specimen in the experimental investigation. Only shear-damaged ground story columns were retrofitted using CFRP jacketing. The

A strong earthquake with Mw 6.6 occurred on 20 July, 2017 in Gökova Bay at the southwest part of the Turkey, accompanied by a local tsunami which impacted Bodrum (Turkey) and Kos (Greece). This paper presents simulation of strong ground motions from this earthquake to visualize the extent of spectral acceleration over the region. A stochastic finite fault method based on a dynamic corner frequency

Recent earthquakes have exposed the vulnerability of existing buildings; this is demonstrated by damage incurred after moderate-to-high magnitude earthquakes. This stresses the need to exploit available data from different sources to develop reliable seismic risk components. As far as it regards empirical fragility assessment, accurate estimation of ground-shaking at the location of buildings of interest

Capacity design, according to the modern seismic building codes, requires the application of specific rules and construction details in order to prevent brittle failure modes at material, element and structural level. In particular, with reference to single-story precast reinforced concrete structures with columns joined by pinned beams, the Italian seismic building code, following the Eurocode 8 general

Earthquake-induced pulse-like ground motions are often observed in near-source conditions due to forward-directivity. Recent worldwide earthquakes have emphasised the severe damage potential of such pulse-like ground motions. This paper introduces a framework to quantify the impact of directivity-induced pulse-like ground motions on the direct economic losses of building portfolios. To this aim, a

This article deals with the application of an analytical methodology for the large-scale vulnerability assessment of reinforced concrete frame buildings in Italy. This methodology is known in the technical literature with the acronym SP-BELA (Simplified Pushover-Based Earthquake Loss Assessment) and has been adopted by the Eucentre research group to contribute to the production of the seismic risk

Microzonation for earthquake-induced liquefaction hazard is the subdivision of a territory at a municipal or submunicipal scale in areas characterized by the same probability of liquefaction manifestation for the occurrence of an earthquake of specified intensity. The liquefaction hazard at a site depends on the severity of expected ground shaking as well as on the susceptibility to liquefaction of

The reliable estimation of seismic losses due to damage to buildings is paramount for the post-emergency management and the planning of recovery activities. For residential reinforced concrete (RC) infilled buildings, a significant role in the computation of seismic loss is played by non-structural components, above all infills, partitions and services, as shown in past earthquakes. In this work, a

Intensity measure (IM) selection is a crucial step in regional seismic risk assessment (RSRA) of spatially distributed structural portfolios. In order to facilitate more confident regional seismic risk estimates, this study proposes an entropy-based IM selection methodology, offering the first systematic and quantitative regional-level IM selection approach. By conceptualizing the spatially distributed

Risk assessment plays an important role in quantifying earthquake loss and has been widely used in the field of seismic engineering. However, current studies of the risk assessment rarely consider the different failure modes of piers (i.e., flexure failure, flexure-shear failure and shear failure), which will lead to an excessive estimation for the seismic performance and collapse safety of the reinforced

Seismic risk assessment at the territorial level is now widely recognised as essential for countries with intense seismic activity, such as Italy. Academia is called to give its contribution in order to synergically deepen the knowledge about the various components of this risk, starting from the complex evaluation of vulnerability of the built heritage. In line with this, a mechanics-based seismic

We present a Bayesian model for the estimation of ground-motion models that allows one to account for truncated data. Truncated data occurs in ground-motion model development because instruments do not record continuously, but only when triggered. The model is formulated as a multi-level model and incorporates event and station terms. The model considers truncation on one variable [e.g., peak ground

Concrete block infill walls, due to their high strength and stiffness, can significantly influence the seismic behavior of the frames. The infill walls can increase the overall lateral frame strength and can also induce local failures in the surrounding frames. In general, if local failure can be avoided, the presence of the infill walls can provide additional reserved strength that can be beneficial

Regions of low seismicity present a particular challenge for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis when identifying suitable ground motion models (GMMs) and quantifying their epistemic uncertainty. The 2020 European Seismic Hazard Model adopts a scaled backbone approach to characterise this uncertainty for shallow seismicity in Europe, incorporating region-to-region source and attenuation variability

The 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake in China caused widespread soil liquefaction and ground failures. A liquefaction case study of gently sloping ground at Yingxiu Town in the near-fault region is presented, which features its relatively thick deposits of sand-gravel mixtures, high soil stiffness, extremely intensive ground motion, large lateral spreading and severe damage of superstructure. The details

This erratum is published as author names were incorrectly formatted in reverse order during typesetting.

Seismic performance of slopes can be assessed through displacement-based procedures where earthquake-induced displacements are usually computed following Newmark-type calculations. These can be adopted to perform a parametric integration of earthquake records to evaluate permanent displacements for different slope characteristics and seismic input properties. Several semi-empirical relationships can

This paper presents a methodology to quantify a proposed parameter defined as expected annual seismic resilience, which takes into account all possible events that affect a site of interest by following the next steps: (1) definition of seismic hazard, (2) definition of the exposure database, (3) computation of structural and human vulnerability, (4) estimation of seismic risk, (5) definition of rehabilitation

The development of seismic fragility functions for buildings generally relies on simplified modelling methods and the use of indirect engineering demand parameters (EDPs) for the determination of collapse or other damage states. The collapse response of real buildings, particularly those that have not been specifically designed for seismic resistance, can often be driven by local failures that may

The reduced beam section (RBS) connections are used to improve the seismic behavior of rigid connections. The brittle failure and lateral-torsional buckling are the drawbacks of these connections. Drilled flange connections (DFC) are one of the novel configurations of RBS connections. This form of the reduction in beam section can reduce the probability of local buckling, however, the tearing of the

Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) is an outstanding factor that influences the linear and nonlinear performance of any structure, and it can be taken into account as one of the most important and effective considerations on the seismic behavior of buildings. On the other hand, historic masonry buildings are specific and important structures, which are significantly affected by SSI. Preservation of these

Load imposed by laterally spreading soil increases the vulnerability of pile foundations to seismic damage. A probabilistic investigation has been carried out for evaluation of behavior of single piles, with different batter angles (0°, ± 10°, ± 20°) and slenderness ratios (15, 20, 25), subjected to laterally spreading ground displacements through Beam on Nonlinear Winkler Foundation approach. Effect

Site effects in consequence of the 2016–2018 Central Italy seismic sequence “marked the fate” of many villages located close to the epicenters along the Apennine chain. Pescara del Tronto, a small settlement located on a mountain slope in the municipality of Arquata del Tronto, (AP) is very representative of such territories since, early after the onset of the seismic sequence, suffered very impressive

This paper proposes an alternative time-dependent seismic fragility assessment framework for aging highway bridges considering the non-uniform chloride-induced corrosion and various modeling uncertainty parameters. Firstly, sensitivity analysis with the tornado diagram technique is performed to determine the sensitivity of some typical bridge engineering demand parameters (EDPs) to 22 modeling related

This erratum is published as author name was published as V. Novellis and needs to be correctly read as Viviana Novelli.

Having orthotropic two-way bending, out-of-plane (OOP) behavior of non-structural masonry walls is one of the most challenging topics among professional engineers and researchers. This study is devoted to investigate OOP behavior of non-structural masonry walls with in-plane isolated joints to accommodate inter-story drifts. This is done using pre-validated finite element (FE) models of 99 walls with

Prestressed steel strips were used to provide quick retrofit for seriously damaged structures after earthquake, for the purpose of improving the seismic resistance capacity of seismic-damaged reinforced concrete frames in case of aftershock and providing possible conditions for comprehensive post-earthquake strengthening. In this paper, the retrofitting effect of retrofitted damaged structure was validated

A pile–soil–cable-stayed 1/70-scale bridge model was designed and constructed to represent an extremely long-span cable-stayed bridge with a 1400-m central span. Shaking table tests were conducted to investigate the wave-passage effects on the seismic responses of the pile–soil–cable-stayed bridge model under uniform and non-uniform longitudinal excitations. Additionally, the acceleration frequency

The construction of underground structures in Lisbon’s downtown, alongside with the fluctuation of the ground water level, generates settlement-induced damages to old heritage Pombalino masonry buildings. Assessing the potential damage caused by soil settlements to masonry structures is essential for adequate evaluation of their seismic performance and the definition of retrofit solutions. The seismic

Past earthquakes have repeatedly shown that damage to masonry infills can produce large economic losses and even jeopardize human lives. Nevertheless, in current design practice masonry infills are ignored, while available macro-models for nonlinear analysis focus the attention on the In-Plane (IP) behavior of masonry infills only, while neglecting the Out-Of-Plane (OOP) collapse mechanism. The main

A 1 g shaking table test of a shallow segmental mini-tunnel in sand is performed to investigate its dynamic responses. The properties of sand, the materials and design of the segmental tunnel, the construction process of testing models and the instrumentation scheme are introduced in full detail. Two levels of intensity and three typical central frequencies of idealized Ricker wavelets, making six

Suspended building structures have inherent architectural aesthetics and are able to achieve low seismic-induced displacements of the primary structure and accelerations of the suspended segments. A recently proposed subtype of suspended building structures harnesses discrete prefabricated modules to overcome the fragility originating from inter-story drift within the suspended segment and to enhance

Beam flexural overstrength is an important parameter in seismic design and evaluation of reinforced concrete (RC) moment resisting frames. It affects the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio (CBSR) which is a key parameter to avoid unfavorable column-driven mechanisms. In RC beam-and-slab floors, interaction between beam growth and slab panels is of a very complex nature which significantly alters

The relation between macroseismic intensity and ground shaking makes it possible to transform instrumental Ground Motion Parameters (GMPs) in macroseismic intensity and vice versa, and is therefore useful for making comparisons between estimates of seismic hazard determined in terms of GMPs and macroseismic intensity, and for other engineering and seismological applications. Empirical relationships

Observations from several earthquakes indicate that near-fault (NF) ground motions have a significant influence on the seismic response of structures. However, existing studies have only discussed the influence of a certain NF characteristic on the seismic response, rather than systematically discussing and comparing the influence of different NF characteristics. Furthermore, current research is only

Generally, strong seismic events cause serious damage to cultural heritage, especially in ancient churches characterized by a high vulnerability due to the intrinsic peculiarities of their structural systems which are not able to develop efficient resisting mechanisms. Starting from observed damage of churches and recorded ground motions, it is possible to define empirical response models. In this

The current study investigates the ability of basic response quantities to capture the infill effect on the seismic response of R/C buildings within the context of performance based earthquake engineering. To accomplish this purpose, a large number of planar R/C buildings with different structural systems, storeys' number and masonry infills' distributions are studied. The buildings are analyzed using

In this paper, the reconstruction process of a town affected by the 2012 Northern Italy Earthquake is analysed using information published on the town journal. Relevant aspects are highlighted, and the housing recovery is compared with that of a nearby city. Then, a what-if scenario is considered, by proposing a set of seismic mitigation strategies. These strategies are applied to a small sub-system

Italian Risk MAps (IRMA) is an innovative IT platform developed by European centre for training and research in earthquake engineering (Eucentre) with funds of the Italian Civil Protection Department, and addressed to the scientific community. IRMA allows data sharing, methods and models aimed to evaluate the seismic risk of Italian residential buildings, in order to comply with the requirements of

In performance-based earthquake engineering design, quantification of the collapse capacity of a structure is of paramount requirement for the development of collapse fragility models. Different methods for predicting collapse provide varying estimates. Consequently, performance design is highly sensitive to the method employed to quantify the collapse capacity. Recently, new energy-based methods have

The 2015 Gorkha earthquake in Nepal damaged more than 28,000 school buildings across the affected areas. Nepali school buildings can broadly be categorized into special moment-resisting frame, brick masonry, stone masonry, timber, and composite construction (steel and masonry). This paper proposes a new methodology to designate seismic vulnerability of these building categories. The proposed methodology

In under-developed rural areas of Asia, a larger portion of the housing facilities is constructed without any intervention of engineer(s). Such non-engineered reinforced concrete (NRC) structures constitute a major portion of the housing in rural areas. The lateral load resisting columns, in these structures, are constructed by locals using poor quality concrete having compressive strength as low as

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because it significantly overlaps with a number of theses, including [2–4].

This paper proposes a random field model of sequential ground motions, which considers the spatial correlation between the mainshock and aftershock from a stochastic view. First, the correlation between the mainshock and aftershock under the physical “source–path–local site” mechanism is explained. Based on the mechanism, the point-source model, and uniform-isotropic-medium model, a random single-point

The selection of ground motion models, and the representation of their epistemic uncertainty in the form of a logic tree, is one of the fundamental components of probabilistic seismic hazard and risk analysis. A new ground motion model (GMM) logic tree has been developed for the 2020 European seismic hazard model, which develops upon recently compiled ground motion data sets in Europe. In contrast

The effects of different parameters on the evolution of Out-Of-Plane (OOP) instability in rectangular walls were studied using a validated FEM model. Based on this parametric analysis, a test matrix was designed to experimentally investigate the progression of this mode of failure in rectangular walls. Results of the parametric study were presented within a companion paper, while the experimental observations

This study aimed at proposing a new ground motion scaling method for precise spectral matching between the response accelerations and the standard design spectrum regarding the normalization procedure. In this method, the dispersion in acceleration and displacement responses were decreased significantly. Moreover, 11 parameters were used for normalizing response accelerations, including peak ground

Earthquakes can cause significant damage to liquefied gas terminals, a critical part of lifeline facilities of energy supply networks, failure of which may lead to loss of hazardous material, explosion, environmental contamination, loss of functionality and disruption of business. To date, seismic risk analysis of such facilities mainly focuses at component level, with the inherent dynamic interaction

In this study focused on France, we explore the uncertainties related to choices made while building a source model for hazard assessment and we quantify the impact on probabilistic hazard estimates. Earthquake recurrence models are initially built from the French Seismic CATalog (FCAT, Manchuel et al. in Bull Earthq Eng, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0236-1). We set up a logic tree that

In recent earthquakes, unreinforced masonry (URM) structures built of masonry walls containing openings such as doors and windows have been shown to have poor seismic capacity. However, although different sizes and positions of openings are known to reduce the stiffness and strength of URM walls, the relationships between the size and position of openings and seismic capacity of the walls are not clear

Strong vertical ground motion has significant influences on the seismic response of engineered structures. However, the soil nonlinearity of vertical ground motion has received less attention compared with that of horizontal ground motion. In this study, seismic observations from KiK-net were used to investigate the soil nonlinearity of vertical ground motion. A new fitting formula was proposed to

Seismic isolation systems, especially friction pendulum bearings (FPBs), are used as ideal seismic protection strategies in performance-based design. Furthermore, FPBs can increase the functionality of buildings by minimizing interruption of use of the facility (e.g., operational performance level) and reducing seismic demands on the structural and non-structural elements. The primary objective of