Since the early twenty-first century, tall building construction has gained significant momentum in the urban cities of Turkey as a result of the population and economic growth. Accruing more than 1500 buildings by year 2015, the majority of the country’s exposure now clusters across the seismically active landscape of the Istanbul metropolitan area. As such, the underlying earthquake risk calls for

This paper presents a mechanical model developed for the simulation of the monotonic behaviour of Steel frames with Reinforced Concrete infill Walls (SRCW). In particular, it deals with a specific typology of SRCW, obtained from the classical one through the interposition of dissipative elements in the columns and by stiffening and shaping the steel frame’s corners in a way to prevent the brittle failure

Within the 2019–2021 research agreement between the Civil Protection Department (DPC) and the Network of University Laboratories for Earthquake Engineering (ReLUIS), the work package WP4 “Seismic Risk Maps—MARS” is specifically devoted to update the 2018 release of the Italian National Seismic Risk Assessment. To this end, the previously considered models of hazard, exposure and vulnerability will

During the past decades, various soil improvement techniques have been developed to mitigate liquefaction hazards. One of the most newfound techniques is induced partial saturation (IPS). The capability of this method in liquefaction mitigation has been demonstrated through experimental and analytical research studies. This technique's main objective is to reduce the degree of saturation to convert

This paper focuses on the performance-based seismic design (PBSD) methodology of multi-story concentrically braced frames (CBFs) equipped with a novel brace, i.e., the shape memory alloy (SMA)-friction damping brace (SMAFDB). The fundamental response characteristics of the framing structure are first understood through nonlinear response history analysis on the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF)

A 51-story building in downtown Los Angeles that is equipped with a seismic monitoring accelerometric array recorded the Mw7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquake of July 5, 2019. The building is a dual-core reinforced-concrete shear-wall and perimeter-column structure with ~ 80% of floors constructed as post-tensioned flat slabs, which makes it a trending design. Using system identification methods

This paper presents an innovative anti-seismic device for controlling the out-of-plane rocking motion of masonry walls with traditional tie-rods, called LInear COntrolled Rocking Device (LICORD). LICORD is a low-impact box connected to the extremity of the traditional tie-rod designed to mitigate rocking for medium–high intensity earthquakes. Additionally, the paper widens the knowledge about the dynamic

In this study, an updated probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) of Pakistan region is performed using the procedures developed for the US National Seismic Hazard Maps and the Earthquake Model of the Middle East (EMME14). It is based on the combination of conventional area sources model and the spatially smoothed gridded seismicity model with crustal faults. An updated earthquake catalogue

To assess the safety of structures after the occurrence of an earthquake or decide about demolition or repair of structures, maximum residual interstory drift ratio (MRD) is one of the most important engineering demand parameters. For evaluating the probability of exceedance of MRD in structure from a specified limit, nonlinear dynamic analyses are performed by employing an intensity measure (IM).

The Italian code requires spectrum compatibility with mean spectrum for a suite of accelerograms selected for time-history analysis. Although these requirements define minimum acceptability criteria, it is likely that code-based non-linear dynamic analysis is going to be done based on limited number of records. Performance-based safety-checking provides formal basis for addressing the record-to-record

In 2012, the Emilia-Romagna region in Italy was affected by ground shaking as well as widespread ground failure (mostly liquefaction) caused by a sequence of earthquakes. The fragility of the residential building inventory is empirically assessed here based on information from 39,087 buildings in 64 municipalities surveyed in order to assess their post-disaster usability. Key (and common) challenge

By comparing damage and loss predictions with those observed for a 22-storey steel building with eccentrically based frames (EBF) that underwent the Canterbury earthquakes, this paper gauges the performance and explores the benefits of applying the PEER performance-based earthquake engineering assessment procedure. The study shows that steel EBF repair costs are significantly affected by the work required

This correction is published in order to inform that typesetter overlooked author corrections regarding older figures & captions in the original publication.

The major challenge that remains with random vibration theory (RVT) based predictions of ground motion intensity measures (GMIMs) is the definition of the input ground motion duration. In literature it is reported that random vibration theory optimized duration (Drvto) (Bora et al. in Bull Seismol Soc Am 105(4):2192–2218, 2015, Earthquake Spectra 35(1):61–932019) can be a better measure of duration

Intensity Measures (IMs) provide the relationship between Engineering Demand Parameters (EDPs) and seismic hazard characteristics for different structures and hence, their role in performance-based bridge design is significant. A few studies have investigated the optimal IMs for bridges under horizontal ground motions, however, detailed studies to explore the optimal IMs for isolated-bridges under

Large earthquakes frequently occurred and caused substantial damage and losses in Chinese densely populated urban areas. It is worth clarifying that the existing earthquake loss assessment tools in China do not consider its special characteristics (e.g., tectonics, geology and building inventory). In this paper, an integrated framework for earthquake loss assessment in China is proposed and a geographic

Two regional ground-motion models are available at present for western Saudi Arabia, a region that is characterized by considerable seismic activity due to the spreading in the Red Sea and continental volcanism. The first model was created by Sokolov and Zahran (Arab J Geosci 11:38, 2018) using the stochastic simulation technique (Boore in Pure Appl Geoph 160(3):635–676, 2003) and it was reported in

In semi-urban setting where availability of land can afford construction of low-rise buildings, confined masonry may compete with other alternatives of seismic resilient system provided well-articulated design standards and construction guidelines are available. Most seismic standards do not make explicit recommendations on the natural period and vertical distribution of base shear for the design of

Performance-based design (PBD) procedures require accurate estimates of both maximum and residual displacements in structural systems. Macro-element models are already proven tools for designing structures on shallow foundations according to PBD, since they represent a very cost-effective solution in terms of balance between physical behaviour, simulation accuracy and computational cost. This work

This paper focuses on the exposure and fragility/vulnerability of the residential, mixed residential/commercial, and public building stock of the city of Isfahan, in Central Iran, and constitutes the first part of a seismic risk assessment study for that city. To determine the assets at risk, we first summarize the details of the building stock and population from the available georeferenced 2011 Census

This paper used partially debonded high-strength reinforcements (PDHSR) to develop self-centering reinforced concrete (RC) columns. The experimental results showed that the RC columns with PDHSRs had slighter seismic damage, more stable seismic resistance and smaller residual drift up to a large lateral drift compared with the RC columns with normal steel rebars. To simulate the lateral behavior of

LIQUEFACT was a EU H2020 funded project to investigate earthquake induced liquefaction potential across Europe and develop a series of tools to understand better the impacts that earthquake induced liquefaction disaster events have on the resilience of built assets and communities. A resilience assessment and improvement framework was developed to provide the theoretical underpinning for the LIQUEFACT

The second part of a seismic risk assessment study for the Iranian city of Isfahan is presented, focusing on the description of the hazard, the risk analysis, and the discussion of the results. This study utilizes the building exposure model, the fragility and the vulnerability curves illustrated in the companion paper. The earthquake occurrence source model adopted is based on the EMME14 hazard study

This study aims to consider the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the ductility and hysteretic energy demands of superstructures and propose empirical equations for demand prediction in soil–structure systems. To this end, the FEMA 440 procedure was considered to develop nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom oscillators with a period range of 0.1–3.0 s, as the representative of superstructures

In the past two decades, considerable research works have been directed toward the development of self-centering (SC) earthquake resisting structural systems that are able to make structures usable and repairable after strong ground motions. The focus of these research works is on eliminating the residual deformations and on preventing the earthquake damage in the primary structural components. In

This paper is a contribution to the analysis of skew cracking (orientation, spacing, maximum and residual crack width) in reinforced concrete shear walls subjected to seismic loading. First, it presents the experimental campaign of the French national research project CEOS.fr and several test results obtained by different measurement techniques applied on the test specimens. Although the tests were

Buckling restrained braces (BRBs) as metallic dampers can supply stable and balanced hysteretic response. While BRBs exhibit outstanding energy dissipation capacity, their low post-yield stiffness contributes to large residual drift concentration in simply supported buckling restrained braced frames. The present study introduces a novel all-steel tube-in-tube BRB composed of a short-length hybrid core

This study uses a generalized and parametrized reduced-order model in the frequency-domain to evaluate the effects of asynchronous excitation on the lateral response of bridge structures. Bridge geometry parametric regions, corresponding conceptually to valley profile shapes, are explored. Both modal and bounding analyses, that are dependent on bridge geometry alone, are employed to highlight regions

A framework for evaluating the risk of the out-of-plane mechanism of masonry façades subjected to earthquake excitations is presented. The effect of seismic events on masonry façades is investigated and results are presented in terms of fragility curves and seismic risk for several masonry supporting restrictions. The restrictions considered are (1) masonry façade unrestricted to rock on a firm base

An extensive numerical investigation of the structural behavior of the masonry church of Sant’Agostino in Amatrice (Italy) during the 2016–2017 seismic sequence is presented. The seismic performance of the church is studied in relation to the most energetic shocks of the sequence, occurred on August 24th, 2016, and October 30th, 2016, whose seismic parameters (PGA, Trifunac duration, Arias intensity

The aim of this work is to propose an efficient tool for the design of the monitoring system of precast reinforced concrete industrial buildings in seismic hazard zones, enabling the rapid post-earthquake damage assessment. The methodology, designated as spatio-temporal online monitoring (STOM) is performed by analyzing data obtained from a set of bi-directional accelerometers integrated in smart columns

A study is presented on the seismic fragility of a sample of 15 reinforced-concrete school buildings built between 1960 and 1980s in the province of Foggia, Southern Italy, for which near-perfect information is provided on geometrical and mechanical parameters. In particular, the focus is on the application of two probabilistic methods, employing different compromises in terms of complexity versus

The application of Latin Hypercube and Monte Carlo (MC) sampling techniques for ground motion selection purposes is investigated. Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) works by first stratifying a probability distribution domain into multiple equally spaced and non-overlapping stripes and then by permutationally drawing samples from those stripes. To examine the efficiency of these two distinct sampling methods

Wood-screw shearwall (WSS) is generally considered to have limited ductility under seismic load. Conservatively, minimum ductility-related force-modification factor, Rd, of 1.0 and over-strength related force-modification factor, Ro, of 1.3 are used in the National Building Code of Canada for seismic design. In this study, the structural performance of WSS’s with different thicknesses of wood-based

This study describes an experimental and numerical investigation on the seismic behaviour of masonry infilled hinged steel frames with openings. Experimental tests of six half-scaled, single-storey and single-bay specimens including one bare hinged steel frame, one solid infilled hinged steel frame, and four masonry infilled hinged steel frames with different opening sizes were carried out under lateral

In the framework of the multi-disciplinary LIQUEFACT project, funded under the European Commission’s Horizon 2020 program, the LIQUEFACT Reference Guide software has been developed, incorporating both data and methodologies collected and elaborated in the project’s various work packages. Specifically, this refers to liquefaction hazard maps, methodologies and results of liquefaction vulnerability analysis

As cities become larger and more densely populated the impacts of major earthquake events on city communities become more severe. Improving community resilience to earthquake events relies on the complex relationships that exist between different community stakeholder groups (citizens, businesses, community groups, emergency services, critical infrastructure providers, politicians etc.). This paper

The current research focuses on a numerical and analytical study aimed at investigating the efficiency of a steel-based reinforcement system suitable for existing masonry walls. The application of such a retrofitting technique, which consists of glued thin steel grids applied on both faces of a masonry panel, is reversible, cheap and easy to be executed and appears to be suitable especially for buildings

Modern seismic codes employed the uniform hazard basis for seismic design, which defines design ground motion with a fixed return period for different sites. Seismic design for uniform hazard ground motion does not lead to the goal of uniform structural safety. As a potential solution to address this problem, the risk-targeting approach has been considered in recent years. This study aims to investigate

In the last decades, several researchers have proposed procedures for the evaluation of the seismic risk of buildings with different structural typologies. The main aim of these studies is the possibility of giving a tool to engineers and Authorities for assessing the seismic vulnerability of the existing building patrimony and, thus, planning the interventions. In the practical applications, the widespread

One novel aspect addressed here is the effect of the lumped particle on the dynamic behaviour of cohesionless soil. The effects of particle size and fines content on cyclic soil behaviour have been previously studied by mixing fine particles separately with cohesionless soil. The studied cohesionless soil in the quaternary alluvium deposit on Middle Ganga Plain in India contains a significant amount

The accuracy of a seismic risk model to predict future losses is a significant challenge as it depends on many parameters, each with important uncertainties, that are present in all components of the model. The aim of this study is to present a process that can be followed to validate the efficiency of a predictive risk model for seismic risk assessment at urban or regional scale, through comparison

With the introduction of performance-based earthquake engineering (PBEE), engineers have strived to relate building performance to different seismic hazard levels. Expected annual loss (EAL) and collapse safety described by mean annual frequency of collapse (MAFC) have become employed more frequently, but tend to be limited to seismic assessment rather than design. This article outlines an integrated

The micro-seismic hazard estimation including quantification of the ground motion amplification has been conducted at Ahmedabad city based on near-surface characterization/soil modeling. The city has experienced substantial damage in the course of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake. A total of 20 boreholes were drilled in the city up to the depths of 40–80 m. A five-fold methodology is adopted: (1) Assessment

In the present study the seismic response of elastic single degree of freedom oscillators placed on the top of a rocking storey is examined. A storey comprised of columns that may uplift under ground motion excitations can be regarded as an innovative and cost effective base isolation technique. Regarding the podium structural systems, apart from studying the rocking response in order to avoid the

This paper presents a probabilistic approach to reveal the negative consequences of overlooking code calibration when adopting the provisions of nonindigenous building codes in design. A taxonomy of the national building codes of various countries whose provisions are adopted from one or more original standards is first presented. Next, the reliability-based approach to quantify the lack of safety

The January 24, 2020 Sivrice-Elazığ (Mw = 6.8) earthquake occurred on the East Anatolian Fault zone. Main shock of this earthquake was occurred 20:55 at local time. The Peak Ground Acceleration was equal to 0.3 g at the epicenter (Sivrice district) of the earthquake. Even though the main shock was moderate, its effects on the structures were rather serious. The main shock caused significant damage

During an earthquake, damages of non-structural components can prevent the safe occupancy of buildings and contribute largely to the global economic losses. Ceiling systems are among the most common non-structural components, since they are widely installed in public buildings, retails and offices. As demonstrated by the failures reported after seismic events worldwide, ceiling joints are often subjected

This study investigates the effects of ground-motion sequences on fragility and vulnerability of reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames (MRFs). Two four-storey, four-bay RC MRFs are selected as case studies. These structures, which share the same geometry, are representative of distinct vulnerability classes in the Mediterranean region and are characterized by different material properties

A case study of performance-based design is presented for a seismically isolated steel structure that rests on top of two adjacent high-rise reinforced concrete towers, the latter separated by means of an expansion joint. The isolation system comprises Friction Pendulum Bearings (FPBs) that are designed to accommodate two salient characteristics of the system. First, the isolated top floor is subjected

Mapping large territories for earthquake-induced soil liquefaction hazard may sound like an oxymoron since soil liquefaction is by itself a spatially highly localized phenomenon. Thus, the zonation of liquefaction hazard at the continental scale (i.e. megazonation) is a truly hard facing challenge even if accepting a low level accuracy. Yet, the availability of a megazonation chart of liquefaction

This study deals with the seismic fragility assessment of high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) structures in Romania designed after the major Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquake of March 4, 1977. Firstly, the evolution of Romanian seismic design codes employed before (P13-63 and P13-70) and after (P100-78/81) the Vrancea 1977 seismic event is presented. The influence of the above-mentioned seismic

Long bridges and other lifeline systems are particularly susceptible to the spatial variability of earthquake actions. Even though it is a matter that has been substantially studied in the past decades, there are still plenty of issues with the engineering application of earthquake spatial variability. One of the difficulties is generating displacement time-histories with zero initial and small residual

The CEB/FIP 1985 seismic model code, the 1994 ENV and the 2004 EN versions of Eurocode 8, as well as the 2019 draft of the future Eurocode 8, have adopted different models for the shear strength of RC joints, without paying much attention neither to the shear design rules applying at the time to RC structures designed to non-seismic actions, nor to the large volume of available test results. In the

This paper proposes an innovative externally-hung self-centering rocking wall (ESRW) structural system for retrofitting existing reinforced concrete structures. Reinforced corbels are installed on the columns of an existing structure to which rocking walls having unbonded post-tensioned tendons are connected using H-shaped connectors. The seismic performance and self-centering ability of the ESRW were

The last National Risk Assessment NRA for Italy was developed at the end of 2018 by the Department of Civil Protection (DPC) in response to the specific requirement of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 to periodically adjourn the assessment of disaster risk. The methodology adopted to perform seismic risk assessment and build national seismic risk maps was specifically developed

The eccentric bracing system equipped with vertical links is capable of providing high levels of stiffness, strength and ductility, and therefore, can be efficiently used for seismic retrofit of existing structures. This study aims to investigate the seismic reliability of steel moment-resisting frames retrofitted by this system using a novel combined series–parallel system approach. The seismic response

Fragility functions are fundamental for the assessment of seismic safety of structures or the loss assessment of a portfolio of assets. The present paper describes a procedure to derive fragility functions representative of Portuguese reinforced concrete precast buildings. This goal was achieved following an analytical methodology considering the result of hundreds of nonlinear static analyses, whose

The impacts of Iran’s recent and destructive earthquake of Mw 7.3 November 12 2017, and its important subsequent events are investigated at Sarpol-e-zahab by means of 1D-equivalent linear site response analyses. Local damages at Sarpol-e-zahab highlighted the role of seismic microzonation in seismic risk reduction and damage prevention plans for future events. Hence, the main goals of this study are