This erratum is being published to correct two reference mistakes and an equation symbol in the paper.

Seismic microzoning at a local scale of a given site or at a global scale of an urban center requires a fairly detailed knowledge of the lateral variations of the site effects, such as the amplification level, the fundamental soil frequency, and the site classification according to a given design seismic code. Over the last decade, the horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio of background noise has become

The study presented in this paper describes the coupled influence of corrosion and cross-sectional shape on failure mechanism of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers subject to static and dynamic earthquake loading. To this end, two RC columns varied in cross-sectional shape and corrosion degree are considered. An advanced nonlinear finite element model, which accounts for the impact of corrosion

Precast buildings have attarcted worldwide attention because of their significant role in the realization of sustainable urbanization. In this study, a precast buckling-restrained composite shear wall (PBRSW) system is developed, which is assemblied by multiple composite shear wall modules on site. The PBRSW system with three assembly arrangements of the composite shear wall modules, vertical, horizontal

When performing seismic site response analyses in the design practice, one of the main issues consists in finding a compromise between the limited availability of site-specific experimental data to characterise the cyclic soil behaviour and the necessity of a proper constitutive representation of such behaviour, including nonlinearity, hysteresis and strength. This paper presents a new constitutive

An earthquake with an epicenter offshore of Hualien City in eastern Taiwan occurred at midnight on February 6, 2018. The Richter magnitude (ML) of the earthquake was 6.26 and the seismic intensity ranged up to level VII, the strongest seismic intensity level regulated in Taiwan. Almost all the major damage resulting from this seismic event was occurred near both sides of the Milun Fault, where records

The diagrid structural systems are mainly used for their structural capabilities and architectural aesthetic possibilities which are provided by the unique geometric configurations of these systems. However, the seismic performance factors of these structural systems are not yet explicitly recommended in the existing building codes. In this study, the seismic performance factors (SPFs) of 6- to 24-story

The reinforced concrete (RC) diaphragm damage observed during the Northridge earthquake (1994) has motivated numerous analytical and experimental studies focused on evaluating the seismic performance of this important building component. The ASCE/SEI 7-16 recently introduced an alternative methodology to determine diaphragm design forces that considered various diaphragm systems. However, this formulation

This paper presents an overview of the geophysical activities for the seismic microzonation of 138 municipalities belonging to four Italian regions (Abruzzo, Lazio, Marche and Umbria) that were severely damaged by the seismic sequence of Central Italy (August 2016–January 2017). This study is the result of a collaborative effort between research Institutions and professional geologists with the support

Structural damage caused by mainshock can further be aggravated by aftershocks, which can lead to structural collapse. The current practices on the seismic design of structures generally only consider mainshock effects. This manuscript therefore presents the investigation on damage-based yield point spectra (YPS) of a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system under sequential earthquakes. The collected

This study focuses on structural systems, which are particularly attractive for bridge design. Specifically, it investigates the seismic performance of single-column bridges, which are either conventionally designed, with the column monolithically connected with the ground (i.e. fixed-base), or designed with the column-footing system able to uplift and exhibit planar rocking motion during an earthquake

The out-of-plane mechanism (rocking) of walls often causes fatalities and collapses of historic buildings during earthquakes. This paper addresses the problem of assessing the seismic resistance of walls subjected to out-of-plane bending, before and after reinforcement. A new retrofitting method, consisting in the use of high-strength steel cables fully embedded in the mortar bed joints was studied

To complement the new European Strong-Motion dataset and the ongoing efforts to update the seismic hazard and risk assessment of Europe and Mediterranean regions, we propose a new regionally adaptable ground-motion model (GMM). We present here the GMM capable of predicting the 5% damped RotD50 of PGA, PGV, and \( SA\left( {T = 0.01 - 8\,{\text{s}}} \right) \) from shallow crustal earthquakes of \(

This paper presents the application of multi-axis hybrid simulation for evaluating the seismic response of a rigid-frame bridge structure constructed with concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns subjected to combined horizontal and vertical ground motions. These types of bridges are believed to have superior seismic performance and better ability to withstand collapse when subjected to extreme multi-directional

The identification of the areas with high seismic risk for industrial buildings is of paramount importance for decision-makers to implement risk reduction policies. In this context, this study aims at performing a low-LOD (Level of Detail) code-driven identification of areas in Italy where industrial buildings face high seismic risk. Firstly, the hazard, vulnerability, and exposure models are introduced

This study presents the probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) for a nuclear site in the UK, Wylfa Newydd. The PSHA was defined at a bedrock horizon with shear wave velocity of 3000 m/s and developed to capture the centre, body and range of the technical defensible interpretations. Although not a formal SSHAC (Senior Seismic Hazard Assessment Committee) process, the PSHA met all the SSHAC Level

Limit analysis is a computationally efficient tool to assess the resistance and the failure mode of structures but does not provide any information on the displacement capacity, which is one of the concepts which most affects the seismic safety. Therefore, since many researchers did not consider limit analysis as a possible tool for the seismic assessment of structures, its widespread employment has

In this paper, the axial behaviour of boundary elements of rectangular ductile reinforced concrete (RC) walls is investigated. For this purpose, axial tests on rectangular RC prisms representing the boundary zones of ductile RC walls are carried out. Critical design parameters influencing the local compression response of ductile wall boundaries are identified and the effect of these parameters on

The current design approach recommended by seismic codes is often based on the use of uniform-hazard response spectra, reduced to account for inelastic structural behaviour. This approach has some strong limitations that have been highlighted in many studies, including not allowing a direct control of the seismic risk and losses. This study aims at quantifying the levels of safety and the costs associated

Seismic microzonation represents a basic tool for local administrations in the developing of cost-effective risk reduction strategies and emergency planning. In recent years, the Italian scientific community has been deeply involved in implementing best-practices and tools to make seismic microzonation studies affordable by allowing its widespread application. Specific guidelines were provided that

For the effective management and maintenance of a transport network it is important to identify the most at-risk bridges within the network and subsequently implement efficient retrofit solutions. The risk assessment process adopted for this purpose usually makes use of vulnerability or fragility functions that may be either simple empirical expressions or bridge-specific expressions developed from

A generalized reduced-order model of a multi-span continuous bridge, on flexible discrete supports, that is subjected to multi-support seismic excitation is presented. This model highlights the key non-dimensional system parameters. Real spatiotemporal ground motion time-series (from the SMART-1 array, Taiwan) are used, as an alternative to employing artificial ground motion based on some spatial incoherence

This erratum is published due to following errors noticed after publication.

Exposure to aggressive environments is one of the most critical problems of reinforced concrete (RC) structures, which can affect both their static and dynamic behaviour. In this paper, the linear and non-linear performance of existing corroded RC framed structures were studied through an advanced numerical model. Moreover, an extensive literature review of models and approaches used for the assessment

The impact of adopting different dynamic soil–structure interaction (SSI) models on the assessment of seismic fragility functions for buildings with pile foundations is studied herein. Given the importance on seismic response of the coupling of structure, foundation and soil, and the challenges posed on modelling dynamic SSI, especially when soil nonlinearity plays a significant role, the linear substructure

Although some of the previous plastic hinge relocation (PHR) techniques contribute to enhancing the seismic performance of beam–column joints, they suffer from a serious limitation regarding the reduction of the shear span and related failure mode. This has not been clearly addressed in the literature. So, the present study first examines the challenges of using the classic 90° hooked bar (CHB) method

An improved version of the direct displacement-based design (DDBD) method for the seismic design of plane moment resisting frames in the framework of performance-based design approach is presented. The method employs a multi-degree-of-freedom equivalent system instead of the single-degree-of-freedom equivalent system used by the conventional DDBD method. Thus, the proposed method can take more rationally

In this research the effect of diameter to thickness of pipe ratio (D/t), depth of burial to diameter (H/D) ratio, conditions of surrounding soil and different grades of steel on the seismic answer of straight buried steel pipelines is investigated within a probabilistic context. The results of incremental dynamic analysis of 15 pipeline models are used to evaluate the capacities of performance limit

This study presents a new strategy to enhance the seismic performance of self-centering concentrically braced frames (SCCBFs). A hybrid strategy, which combines a SCCBF with a moment-resisting frame or buckling-restrained-braced frame, is first investigated, which show evident reduction in peak deformation demands. This benefit further inspires the design of multi-story pure SCCBFs with the enhanced

Remarkable damage to non-structural elements and sometimes to structural members was surveyed in buildings retrofitted with dissipative bracing (DB) technologies recently hit by moderate-to-medium amplitude earthquakes. Damage is a consequence of the delayed contribution of protective systems to the seismic response of the buildings, caused by too high activation forces of dissipaters. In view of this

The aim of this paper is to identify the ground motion models (GMMs), applicable in active shallow crustal regions (ASCRs) and subduction zones (SZs), to be used for the new release of the seismic hazard model of Italy (MPS19) for peak ground acceleration and 12 ordinates of the acceleration response spectra (5% damping) in the period range 0.05–4 s. The steps to achieve such goal are: (1) a pre-selection

Assessment of seismic vulnerability in urban areas is a challenging task that requires a meticulous and systematic approach. Sarajevo and Banja Luka, together with Tuzla, are the most urbanized and densely populated cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo and Banja Luka experienced devastating earthquakes in 1962 and 1969, respectively. This is why it is of the utmost importance to conduct seismic

Masonry structures constitute the great majority of buildings in historical centers where construction activities were carried out by adding structural portions to pre-existing ones: as a result, masonry aggregates are currently the most common structural typology in such contexts. The structural behavior of masonry aggregates, which are complex systems of different buildings interacting with each

This paper illustrates the derivation of an empirical fragility model for residential unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings, calibrated on Italian post-earthquake damage data and compatible with the key features of the Italian national seismic risk platform. Seismic vulnerability is described by fragility functions for three vulnerability classes, then refined based on the building height. To this aim

Large magnitude earthquakes have historically caused devastating damage to engineered structures as a result of permanent ground deformations induced by soil liquefaction (e.g. 1964 Niigata earthquake, 1995 Kobe earthquake, 2010–2011 Christchurch earthquakes). A relevant amount of such damages is directly connected to liquefaction induced lateral spreading. This paper deals with the capacity of concrete

External diaphragm joint has been widely used in concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) structure because of its large stiffness, good plasticity, and high bearing capacity. This paper studied new external diaphragm joints designed to connect concrete-filled double steel tubular (CFDST) columns and steel beams. Experiments were conducted to investigate the cyclic performance of nine joint specimens subject

The 2016–2017 seismic events that struck central Italy led the Government to carry out a project to produce the third level Seismic Microzonation studies in 138 municipalities. These activities have involved many experts in different disciplines such as geology, geomorphology, geophysics, seismology and geotechnical engineering. This project represented the first opportunity to perform nationally coordinated

Seismic soil–structure interaction (SSI) of structure with shallow foundation is studied using response spectrum method (RSM). A SSI model is first constructed with the consideration of the coupling of horizontal and rocking motions of structural foundation. In this model, the structure is modelled by finite elements and the soil by the accurate lumped parameter model (LPM) based on rational approximation

The joint between beam and column is the crucial zone, which makes the study of seismic performance of fabricated frame structures difficult and challenging. Reliable connection of prefabricated steel-reinforced concrete (SRC) columns with steel beams by a simple and effective dry connection method is a very important technical problem. In view of this, a new type of modular prefabricated SRC column-steel

The research presented here seeks to address the key parameters influential on out-of-plane (OOP) instability of rectangular walls, which was observed in the 2010 Chile and the 2011 New Zealand earthquakes in some well-confined modern walls. For this purpose, a finite element model, previously verified for its capability to reliably simulate different failure modes of this type of structural walls

The fundamental period of structures is a parameter used in structure under design and for evaluating existing structures. Data-driven methods using ambient vibrations have become popular, particularly for the adjustment of empirical relationships applied to building classes. This study presents the results of a survey of ambient vibrations performed in 146 reinforced concrete buildings in the center

The introduction of stainless-steel legged tanks is rather recent, and their use increased in the last decades in exponential way, especially in food industry and agricultural applications since they proved to be simple to prefabricate and transport, easy to clean and chemically inert. Despite their worldwide diffusion also in high seismicity areas, most of them were not designed with earthquake-based

The residential building typology of Stone in Mud Mortar (SMM) masonry contributed significantly to the seismic losses caused by the 2015 Nepalese seismic sequence, also known as the 2015 Gorkha earthquake. SMM masonry is the most common construction type in Nepal, and notwithstanding the extensive damage, this has persisted in the post-earthquake reconstruction. This paper provides first an overview

Several strengthening techniques such as steel plate bonding, external post-tensioning, steel bracing, or addition of new structural elements have been widely used to improve the seismic behaviour of structures, which suffer from earthquakes. Especially, adding infill walls and shear walls to the structures are preferred because of the added increase in lateral strength and stiffness. Nevertheless

Full details of steel angle and tube beam-column connections developed for a “dry” jointed precast concrete frame building whose nonlinear structural performance is aimed to be comparable to that of a cast-in situ/monolithic concrete frame building are reported. Hysteretic behaviour of the frame sub-assemblies with different angle/tube connection configurations is experimentally investigated in this

The correlation of earthquake damage to underground wastewater (sewage and drainage) pipelines and measured intensity measurements is described in this paper. The study is based on pipelines consisting primarily of segmented concrete pipes in Hveragerði, Iceland. This town experienced a Mw 6.3 earthquake on 29 May 2008, originated in its near field. Subsequently, the interior conditions of all the

The material and structural performance of calcium silicate (CS) brick masonry has received relatively little attention in the past, although this material is often used for the construction of low-rise buildings in Central and Northern Europe. Upon the occurrence of induced seismicity in the north of the Netherlands, an extensive testing programme has been conducted since 2014 at Delft University

Design objectives should be determined based on damage quantification in performance-based seismic design. To do this, the damage development and the damage model suitable for hybrid joints, which are critical substructures in self-centering frames, are studied. The damage intervals and quantified performance indexes are then suggested. Based on the existing tests, 29 hybrid joints with various structural

An improved response surface method (RSM) for the seismic fragility analysis of base-isolated structures is proposed so that the correlation of seismic demands on the structural components can be effectively considered. In addition, the performance levels of base-isolated structure as well as the associated quantitative indices for various structural components are discussed and defined. Taking a typical

Piping systems constitute the most vulnerable component in down- and mid-stream facilities posing immediate threat to human lives, communities financial robustness and environment. Pipe racks present several mechanical and geometrical idiosyncrasies compared to common buildings and the seismic response is governed by the pipework layout. Important design requirements e.g. dynamic interaction between

In this paper, a novel self-centering buckling-restrained energy dissipater (SC-BRED) with pretensioned basalt fiber-reinforced polymer composite tendons is firstly introduced. Furthermore, based on the SC-BREDs, a self-centering steel truss coupling beam (SCCB) is proposed to improve the seismic resilience of coupled wall structures. The SCCB consists of chord members at the top and bottom, respectively

Light-frame low-rise wood dwellings have typically had adequate levels of safety in terms of collapse prevention. Nevertheless, damage to this type of construction due to earthquakes has resulted in large economic losses and thousands of displaced families. This paper evaluates the benefits, on a regional scale, of using a recently developed design and construction method referred to as unibody. This

The implementation of a culture of seismic risk preparedness is becoming increasingly critical in Europe as the building stock ages and the awareness about seismic risk rises. In this context, the assessment of the seismic vulnerability of existing buildings, followed by the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions, can help to substantially reduce the levels of physical damage and economic

The 1994 pre-standard ENV-Eurocode 8 followed the 1985 “Seismic Annex” of the CEB/FIP Model Code 1978 in reducing or eliminating the contribution of concrete to the shear resistance of higher ductility concrete members with axial compression less than 10% of the axial force resistance. The first-generation EN-Eurocode 8 tried to achieve the same end result for high ductility beams, within the constraints

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the seismic performance of Cerere, the central sculpture of Bartolomeo Ammannati’s Juno Fountain, currently located in Florence, at the Museum of Bargello. A 3D geometrical model based on a laser scanner survey has been obtained and employed to build the finite element model (FEM) used in the analyses. The seismic response of the sculpture has been checked by

Abstract This paper presents a detailed investigation into the seismic response of non-deteriorating and deteriorating single degree-of-freedom systems controlled by \(P -\Delta\) effects, with due account for the influence of earthquake duration. In order to isolate the effect of duration from other ground motion characteristics, 77 pairs of records with equivalent spectral shapes are considered in

An earthquake of MW = 6.5 occurred on May 24, 2014, at 12:25 h local time (09:25 GMT), its epicenter in the Aegean Sea, 25 km north of Gökçeada. The effect of the earthquake produced the most damage in the rural houses of Gökçeada. This paper describes the evaluations made through onsite field observations of the damages inflicted on the structures of thirty rural houses in the Tepeköy settlement connected

An assessment of damage and seismic fragility of historical unreinforced masonry churches located in Chile’s central valley was carried out employing the results of a field survey of 106 ancient churches, after the 2010 Maule earthquake. The observed damage was correlated with recurrent failure mechanisms of unreinforced masonry structures, by taking into account 22 local mechanisms involving macro-elements

The Editor-in-Chief has retracted this article [1] because the validity of the content of this article cannot be verified. This article showed evidence of substantial text overlap (most notably with the articles cited [2-5]), peer review and authorship manipulation. Authors Shatirah Akib and Shahaboddin Shamshirband do not agree to this retraction. Authors Sadia Rahman and Dalibor Petković have not

A novel steel-box bridge-pier column with embedded replaceable energy-dissipating shell plates is proposed herein. The seismic performance of this new steel bridge column was investigated experimentally on eight unique steel-box pier samples with varying geometric and material features under vertical eccentric and horizontal cyclic loads. The experimental results were compared with numerical simulation