The strong-column weak-beam (SCWB) design concept for RC frames has been adopted in many seismic design codes. However, seismic investigations show that the minimum column-to-beam flexural strength ratio (CBFSR) required in seismic codes usually cannot guarantee the SCWB failure mode of RC frames during strong earthquakes. This paper investigates the seismic performance of RC frames designed according

Conventional concrete frames are designed to dissipate the earthquake energy through inelastic deformation of the structural elements. It leads to hefty repairment costs and prolonged down time after earthquakes. Self-centering concrete frames (SCCF) have been introduced to minimize the unrecoverable structural damages and post-earthquake repairment costs. SCCF exhibits predictable yield mechanism

The shape memory alloys (SMAs) are special materials able to withstand large non-elastic deformations regaining their original form by removing stress. High fatigue strength and proper resistance to corrosive agents are the specific characteristics of these alloys. This article explores the SMA and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) at designated points of reinforced concrete (RC) structures to

An improved cyclic softened membrane model (ICSMM) based smeared reinforced concrete (RC) plane stress element has been developed in the present study. The newly developed two-dimensional (2D) element has been implemented in the OpenSEES nonlinear finite element analysis (NLFEA) framework. The effectiveness of the developed element has been thoroughly validated using experimental results of three RC

This paper presents a practical multi-level performance-based optimisation method of nonlinear viscous dampers (NVDs) for seismic retrofit of existing substandard steel frames. A Maxwell model is adopted to simulate the behaviour of the combined damper-supporting brace system, with a fractional power-law force–velocity relationship for the NVDs, while a distributed-plasticity fibre-based section approach

This research performs a sensitivity analysis of response spectrum values for various physical earthquake parameters, which are used to generate synthetic seismograms consistent with the expected seismicity in north Chile. Sensitivity analyses are based on the earthquake scenario and slip distribution model of the 2014, \(M_w\) 8.1 Pisagua earthquake, and seven other physically plausible interplate

In the vast inland areas of China, more than 3 million bridges have been built to connect the remote mountainous areas and also to make up the urban transportation networks. For these bridges, reinforced concrete is the most widely adopted material in construction. Unlike the offshore bridges subjected to chloride-induced corrosion, the inland bridges have been constantly threatened by atmospheric

A hybrid seismic fragility model for territorial-scale seismic vulnerability assessment of masonry buildings is developed and presented in this paper. The method combines expert-judgment and mechanical approaches to derive typological fragility curves for Italian residential masonry building stock. The first classifies Italian masonry buildings in five different typological classes as function of age

To avoid the damage of the connection due to the overstrength of beam strength, and the alternation of the strength hierarchy in the structural system, a novel precast concrete beam-to-column connection is proposed herein. In the proposed connection, a novel replaceable energy-dissipation connector (REDC) was placed at the bottom of a hidden corbel. In addition, a narrow vertical slot was placed adjacent

The possibility of characterising an existing building based on a limited set of attributes would permit building a semantical, graphical or even conceptual model that could serve as a reference for analytical purposes. Providing that the intent of the analysis and the evaluation procedures are consistent with each other and coherent with the description, it is plausible to assume that the data required

This paper conducted experimental and numerical investigations on the seismic behaviour of masonry infilled self-centring beam moment frames (SCB-MFs). First, an efficient hysteretic material model was proposed for use with the equivalent strut modelling approach of infill walls. This model was defined by backbone parameters and hysteretic parameters and implemented in the OpenSees platform to facilitate

Many applications related to ground-motion studies and engineering seismology benefit from the opportunity to easily download large dataset of earthquake recordings with different magnitudes. In such applications, it is important to have a reliable seismic characterization of the stations to introduce appropriate correction factors for including site amplification. Generally, seismic networks in Europe

Regional earthquake early warning (EEW) alerts and related risk-mitigation actions are often triggered when the expected value of a ground-motion intensity measure (IM), computed from real-time magnitude and source location estimates, exceeds a predefined critical IM threshold. However, the shaking experienced in mid- to high-rise buildings may be significantly different from that on the ground, which

This paper presents the comparison of the results of modal and nonlinear analyses carried out on a 2-story masonry building with rigid diaphragms, inspired by the Pizzoli’s town hall (AQ, Italy). The case study is one of the Benchmark Structures (labeled BS6) in the “URM nonlinear modelling–Benchmark project” funded by the Italian Department of Civil Protection (DPC) within the framework of the ReLUIS

On 30 October 2020 a MW 7.0 earthquake occurred in the eastern Aegean Sea, between the Greek island of Samos and Turkey’s Aegean coast, causing considerable seismic damage and deaths, especially in the Turkish city of Izmir, approximately 70 km from the epicenter. In this study, we provide a detailed description of the Samos earthquake, starting from the fault rupture to the ground motion characteristics

In recent years, the permanent seismic networks worldwide have largely increased, raising the amount of earthquake signals and the applications using seismic records. Although characterization of the soil properties at recording stations has a large impact on hazard estimates, it has not been implemented so far in a standardized way for reaching high-level metadata. To address this issue, we built

The paper presents the comparison of the results obtained on a masonry building by nonlinear static analysis using different software operating in the field of continuum and discrete-macroelement modeling. The structure is inspired by an actual building, the "P. Capuzi" school in Visso (Macerata, Italy), seriously damaged following the seismic events that affected Central Italy from August 2016 to

Regional seismic damage analysis of building clusters based on time history analysis enables damage evolution and distribution to be obtained for structural performance evaluation, seismic loss estimation, and post-earthquake emergency response decision support. Soil–structure cluster interaction (SSCI) effects have been shown to affect significantly seismic damage to buildings due to the influence

This paper presents a displacement-based seismic design method for building structures equipped with viscoelastic dampers (VEDs) featuring strong nonlinear characteristics. First, major insights from recent analytical and experimental research on this type of VEDs, including their behavior and sources of nonlinearity, are briefly introduced. Then, a simplified response spectra-based method for estimation

Inter-storey seismic isolation is increasingly gaining attention. One of the main related issues is the need to limit the relative displacement between substructure and superstructure, while maintaining a good seismic performance of the superstructure. As shown in some studies, fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) mounted in isolation systems are effective in reducing isolator deflection but can be harmful

New precast frame industrial structures are seismically designed according to reliable modern criteria. However, most of the existing built stock hosting many workers and both regular and strategic industrial activities was designed and detailed neglecting the earthquake load or according to outdated seismic design criteria and regulations. Its seismic retrofit is a main challenge for the Engineering

Earthquake-induced slope instability is one of the most important hazards related to ground shaking, causing damages to the environment and, often, casualties. Therefore, it is important to assess the seismic performance of slopes, especially in the near fault regions, evaluating the permanent displacements induced by seismic loading. This paper applies a probabilistic approach to evaluate the seismic

To mitigate liquefaction and its associated soil deformations, ground improvement techniques were adopted in field to reinforce saturated sand deposits. Sand Compaction Pile (SCP) is one such popular proven treatment to improve liquefaction resistance of sandy deposits. Installation of sand compaction piles improves soil density and rigidity which further enhance seismic resistance against liquefaction

The purpose of this study is the analysis of vulnerability trends, with particular emphasis to the evolution of the seismic behaviour of masonry buildings over the years due to the improvements in construction practices and to the enhancement of building materials over the years, also related to the subsequent enactment of seismic prescriptions. To this aim, residential masonry buildings damaged after

This study addresses some critical issues in the selection of input data for probabilistic seismic risk assessment at a local scale, considering available open-source information. It focuses on the derivation of vulnerability curves, which should be consistent with the local hazard and building practices, analysing the effect of (1) the record selection methodology, (2) the regression procedure followed

This erratum is published as typesetter overlooked several corrections and proofing errors introduced especially with figures

The paper presents the comparison of the results of nonlinear static analyses carried out using six software packages (SWs) available at professional level and operating in the field of the equivalent frame (EF) approach on a model representative of a complex masonry building. The structure is inspired by the school “P. Capuzi” in Visso (MC, Italy), proposed as one of the benchmark structures in the

In this paper, the structural behavior of masonry panels strengthened with a system made up of composite fiber grids embedded in a cementitious matrix (FRCM) is presented. The non-linear behavior of the unreinforced and reinforced panels is numerically simulated by means of a simplified micro-modelling approach. This approach concentrates all the non-linearities and failures in the joints and in potential

Usually, to mitigate the stresses in framed structures, different strategies are used. Among them, base isolation, viscous/friction/metallic yielding dampers and tuned mass dumpers have been widely investigated. Fluid Viscous Dampers (FVD) probably result the most diffused for the simplicity in the applications. However, these type of dampers request limited interstorey drifts to avoid dangerous effects

The tests described in this paper were aimed at evaluating the tensile capacity of the anchorages connecting an automated pallet warehouse with an existing RC foundation. The warehouse is a new steel structure erected in the place of a previous warehouse collapsed due to the Emilia earthquake, but whose foundation remained undamaged. The investigated fastening consists of 10 post-installed, bonded

The Department of Civil Protection (DPC), in compliance with the EU decision 1313/2013 and at the request of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 to update the disaster risk assessments by various countries, released the latest National Risk Assessment for Italy at the end of 2018. Specifically, as regards the seismic risk assessment, six research units belonging to two centres

In this paper, a simple and practitioners-friendly calibration strategy to consistently link target panel-scale mechanical properties (that can be found in national standards) to model material-scale mechanical properties is presented. Simple masonry panel geometries, with various boundary conditions, are utilized to test numerical models and calibrate their mechanical properties. The calibration is

In this paper the site categorization criteria and the corresponding site amplification factors proposed in the 2021 draft of Part 1 of Eurocode 8 (2021-draft, CEN/TC250/SC8 Working Draft N1017) are first introduced and compared with the current version of Eurocode 8, as well as with site amplification factors from recent empirical ground motion prediction equations. Afterwards, these values are checked

Most damaged reinforced concrete (RC) frame structures still can be used after earthquake, it is important to assess the residual performance of damaged structures. However, quantitatively evaluate the residual performance of damaged structures still presents difficulties due to the lack of suitable indicators. For studying and estimating the residual bending bearing capacity (RBC) of RC columns under

To ensure environmental and public safety, critical facilities require rigorous seismic hazard analysis to define seismic input for their design. We consider the case of the Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP), which is a pipeline that transports natural gas from the Caspian Sea to southern Italy, crossing active faults and areas characterized by high seismicity levels. For this pipeline, we develop a Probabilistic

The proposed study examines the propagation of uncertainty associated with the angle of seismic incidence of a group of ground motions, as well as to that of the ground motion group size, to the expected seismic loss estimates of reinforced concrete buildings. Six buildings with infilled frame systems are studied, representative of non-seismically designed structures typical of southern European practice

Transmission towers are critical components of electrical transmission systems, whose damage and failure during earthquakes may cause extensive economic losses and significantly hinder the post-seismic rehabilitation. Seismic fragility analyses of pile-supported transmission towers are usually performed without regard for the influences of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and the site amplification

The paper investigates both local and global capacity criteria for collapse assessment of RC frame buildings. Both literature and regulations criteria are considered, also including the formulation recommended in the draft of the new Eurocode 8 (part 3) and other collapse criteria never investigated. The case studies consist of low-rise bare and infilled frame buildings, which are designed according

Considering that existing shaking table tests on bridge structures have not taken into account the effect of moving trains, this paper takes a multi-span simply supported girder with a CRTSII slab ballastless track system and a Chinese CRH2C high-speed train as its objects of study, builds a reduced-scale model for the bridge and train using a similarity ratio of 1:10, and constructs an on-bridge running

The design of critical facilities needs a targeted computation of the expected ground motion levels. The Trans Adriatic Pipeline (TAP) is the pipeline that transports natural gas from the Greek-Turkish border, through Greece and Albania, to Italy. We present here the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) that we performed for this facility, and the deaggregation of the results, aiming to identify

This study proposes an innovative hybrid lateral load-resisting system, termed the ring-cable-cylinder bracing system, aimed at improving the energy dissipation capacity and ductility of the previously introduced cable-cylinder bracing (which offers relatively the same level of seismic energy dissipation and ductility as the original bare steel frame), and minimizing the damage to the beam-to-column

Most of the buildings damaged by the mainshock of the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake were concentrated in downtown Mashiki in Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan. We obtained 1D subsurface velocity structures at 535 grid points covering this area based on 57 identified velocity models, used the linear and equivalent linear analyses to obtain site-specific ground motions, and generated detailed distribution maps of

This paper highlights the principal features of the Mw5.4 Zagreb earthquake. Located within the city limits at a depth of 10 km, the earthquake generated a peak ground acceleration of more than 0.2 g and a maximum spectral acceleration of about 0.6 g at 0.1 s in the historic downtown area. The situation was particularly challenging since the event occurred amid a partial Covid-19 lockdown at temperatures

In performance-based seismic assessment, structural response is characterised using fragility functions based on a seismic intensity measure (IM). IMs are typically related to the characteristics of ground shaking and structural dynamic properties, with the spectral acceleration at the first and dominant mode of vibration, Sa(T1), being a popular choice for buildings. In bridge structures, where no

On January 24, 2020, Sivrice–Elazig–Turkey earthquake occurred along the East Anatolian Fault Zone. The moment magnitude of the event was reported as 6.8. This paper documents reconnaissance findings performed immediately after the event. Investigated sites namely, Lake Hazar shores, Karakaya Dam Reservoir–Euphrates River shores, Malatya–Battalgazi district and its villages, and Elazig Downtown are

Pulse-wave propagation velocity and resonance frequency measured in civil engineering structures are both related to structural design. Monitoring their variation following seismic strong shaking provides information about the immediate building capacity. Joint-interpretation of frequency and velocity variation requires a better understanding of the processes controlling seismic structural health.

A life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework

To establish a more accurate, flexible, and practical performance evaluation method for unbonded precast prestressed concrete (PCaPC) frames, a macro model was illustrated based on the exterior beam–column sub-assemblages of unbonded PCaPC frames, which considers different tensile forces of the post-tensioned tendons (i.e. unsymmetrical tendon forces) and high-strength concrete. Based on the macro

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01105-0

Near-fault (NF) ground motions may induce higher demands on structures compared to far-fault records. This is often due to the velocity pulses, called forward-directivity pulses, which are commonly observed in the fault-normal ground motion components. Hence, some researchers accept such pulses as the representative of pulse-like motions. This paper is devoted to studying the nature of NF events by

Author supplied incorrect ESM as tables were duplicated.

This study presents broadband ground motions for the Indo-Gangetic basin, a large sedimentary basin in India, for potential future great (Mw 8.5) Himalayan earthquakes. We use a recently developed 3D earth structure model of the basin as an input to simulate low-frequency ground motion (0–0.5 Hz). These ground motions are further combined with high-frequency scattering waveforms by using a hybrid approach

Prioritization of seismic risk mitigation at a large scale requires rough-input methodologies able to provide an expedited, yet conventional, assessment of the seismic risk corresponding to the portfolio of interest. In fact, an evaluation of seismic vulnerability at regional level by means of mechanics-based methods is generally only feasible for a fraction of the portfolio, selected according to

This paper presents an investigation on the cyclic behavior and design aspects of a hybrid self-centering wall (SW), in terms of the wall’s axial stress and post-tensioning tendons’ prestressing ratios. These key parameters are examined extensively within the context of both force and displacement-based design approaches. Finite element models of SWs are developed and verified against experimental

The fragility curves are known as an efficient probabilistic-base tool used to evaluate vulnerabilities in various fields. However, accurate access to these curves has always been associated with complexities that have made it difficult for structural designers to achieve. Many attempts have been made to provide a new fragility function using State-based philosophy (SBP) theory to replace the conventional

We assess the significance of rupture-plane uncertainty in the estimated ground-motion intensity measures (IMs) by using the centroid moment-tensor and fault-plane solutions as well as the ground-motion recordings of the 30 October 2020 Samos Earthquake. We sampled ground-motion fields using stochastically generated rupture planes by considering the uncertainties imposed from alternative fault-plane

Observations made on the response of historical masonry towers during past earthquakes indicate that in addition to the intensity of the ground shaking, the frequency content of shaking also affects the seismic performance of these monuments. To evaluate this phenomenon, the influence of the mean period of the ground motion (Tm), as a frequency content indicator, on the seismic behavior of the towers

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-021-01096-y

A new version of CRISIS, the program to perform probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), has been released. This new version, called R-CRISIS v20, includes several additions and improvements with respect to previous ones, in the geometric, attenuation and seismicity models, besides having implemented a parallelized computational process that speeds up the computations up to five times, adding

This research is to assess the influences of the inertial mass from the girder on the dynamic characteristic, dynamic response, and structure-soil interaction of a pile-soil-pier subsystem in a scale-model of a cable-stayed bridge. Therefore, both connection configurations between the pile-soil-pier and girder, including the sliding and fixed connections, were designed to present various inertial mass