Abstract—The article reviews the main publications from the last eight years on long-term trends in the parameters of the middle atmosphere, thermosphere, and ionosphere. It is shown that the negative temperature trends in the middle atmosphere have been reliably established based on observations by various methods. An analysis of satellite orbits in the thermosphere showed negative density trends

AbstractPerturbations of the vertical component of an electric field of seismogenic origin near the Earth’s surface prior to some earthquakes are modeled analytically based on data from measurements in the surface layer of the atmosphere at midlatitudes, and the field’s magnitude at the ionospheric level is calculated with allowance for the inclination of geomagnetic lines of force. An analytical approximation

AbstractThis paper analyzes the role of the outer ionosphere in the occurrence of a large difference in the frequency of accelerated electron fluxes in the auroral region in the premidnight sector for winter and summer conditions, which are associated with discrete auroras. Simulation indicates that the critical value JEIC of the longitudinal current of the Alfvén wave for the development of electrostatic

AbstractThe change in plasma pressure at the latitudes of the auroral oval before, during, and after the isolated geomagnetic substorm on December 22, 2008, were studied using data from the F13, 15, 16, and 17 DMSP satellites. One feature of the studied event was a long period of values of AL index that were close to zero. During this time, there was a more than double increase in the dynamic pressure

AbstractData from ground-based and satellite measurements, as well as the results of numerical modeling of the spatial structure of equatorial ionospheric bubbles, show that the longitude gradients of the logarithm of the electron concentration at the vertical boundaries of the bubbles can reach 10–3 m–1. At such electron concentration gradients, the development of drift-dissipative instability is

AbstractThe paper presents the results of numerical modeling of the ionospheric disturbances from spatially localized, midlatitude, thermospheric sources that simulate the dissipation effect of acoustic–gravity waves generated by phenomena on the Earth’s surface and in the lower atmosphere. The results of numerical calculations have shown that the range of ionospheric effects significantly exceeds

AbstractThe regularities in the formation of coronal holes in the growth phase of cycle 23 are studied. The period from January 1, 1997, to March 1, 2000 (Carrington rotations 1918–2059), is considered in detail. The evolution of the global magnetic field of the Sun from a zonal to a sectorial structure of the field distribution is analyzed. The zonal structure is shown to be quasi-stable. The sum

AbstractThe propagation of linear Alfvén waves with periods of 10–200 s from the photosphere to the solar chromosphere under the conditions of an isothermal atmosphere taking into account the amplitude-phase relationships are considered. It was found that the amplitude of the wave velocity perturbation increases and the magnetic field perturbation decreases with increasing height, while the phase difference

AbstractA theoretical model has been developed for the calculation of the intensity and flux of nighttime Lyman-alpha solar radiation at altitudes of the atmosphere that takes into account the multiple scatterings of this radiation by atmospheric atomic hydrogen. At heights of more than two Earth radii, the number density of atomic hydrogen is calculated by an empirical model based on the agreement

AbstractThe color of the coronal continuum was determined from observations in order to search for manifestations of coronal expansion. A brief review of studies determining the color of the coronal continuum finds that the previously obtained results are inconsistent. The color index for the coronal continuum is defined. The necessity of the use of a relative color index is substantiated. RCI estimates

Abstract—This paper analyzes the effect of azimuthal proton drift from the nighttime sector of the Earth’s magnetosphere on the characteristics of the pitch-angle anisotropy of proton fluxes in the daytime sector. The drift in the magnetic field caused by curvature of the field lines and the magnetic field gradient, in the absence of external forces, has been considered. The external geomagnetic field

AbstractTwo Forbush effects that occurred during geomagnetic storms in March 1989 and March 1991 are analyzed based on ground-based measurements of cosmic rays at a global network of stations via spectrographic global survey. The rigidity spectra and variation spectra are presented, as well as the pitch-angle anisotropy of cosmic rays at different phases of the development of Forbush effects and variations

Abstract—A new reconstruction of the number of sunspots (SN) in 1000–1700, along with possible errors, has been obtained based on an analysis of auroral observations at middle and low latitudes and data on the Earth’s magnetic field at that time. The intensity and configuration of the main magnetic field of the Earth affect the penetration of the Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere by aurora-induced

AbstractAt present, the determination of the position of satellite axes from data obtained via measurement of the magnetic field in orbit is an urgent task. This task is important, because the satellite equipment, on the one hand, is minimal, and, on the other hand, it always includes magnetometers. Generally speaking, it is not possible to determine the position of a satellite based solely on magnetic

AbstractThe behavior of the critical frequency of the F2 layer, foF 2, during the 3 days preceding a magnetic storm is analyzed. A total of 254 storms in 1976–2010 were considered, and 1353 events (deviations of foF2 from quiet conditions) were found: 996 and 357 deviations had a positive and negative signs, respectively. It is found that the indicated deviations demonstrate a clearly pronounced and

AbstractObservational data from the Kiev (Ukraine), Borok, St. Petersburg, Hel (Poland), Arti, Novosibirsk, Almaty (Kazakhstan), and Irkutsk magnetic observatories are used to analyze the temporal variations of the geomagnetic field components on day of the Lipetsk meteoroid fall (June 21, 2018) and on reference days (June 20 and 22, 2018). The distance R from the place of explosion-like energy release

AbstractThis paper discusses the spectral and temporal features of the 7-h daytime VLF noise emission burst in the frequency band of 1‒10 kHz observed on the Earth’s surface during the late recovery phase of a moderate magnetic storm (Kр = 5 and Dst ~ –80 nT) under nearly quiet space weather. These VLF emissions were recorded simultaneously at two auroral stations located at a geomagnetic latitude

AbstractThe development of two supersubstorms (i.e., very intense substorms with an amplitude of more than 2000 nT) recorded in the main phase of two consecutive strong magnetic storms with maxima at ~0100 UT (Dst ~ –150 nT) and ~1300 UT (Dst ~ –115 nT) on September 8, 2017, is analyzed. Data from the SuperMAG global magnetometers network and the Scandinavian profile of IMAGE stations are used. Analysis

AbstractThe features of interannual (1948–2015) time series of variations of critical frequencies of the F2 layer during disturbances are studied based on the large array of experimental data on observations by the Moscow ionospheric station. It was shown that parameters of ionospheric disturbances such as the amplitude and intensity increase with statistical significance starting from the 1970–1980s

AbstractThe paper proposes a model for predicting the integral daily fluxes (fluences) of relativistic electrons (RE) (E > 2 MeV) of the Earth's outer radiation belt in a geostationary orbit using images of the Sun in the ultraviolet range. The results show that the accuracy of the forecast of the RE fluxes three or four days ahead increases significantly when adding the predicted values of solar wind

AbstractThe areas of the precipitation to Earth of high-energy electrons injected into the near-Earth space from a point source in a geostationary orbit are constructed. The geomagnetic field is modeled by the superposition of the first four spherical harmonics of the Gaussian series. The indicated regions are compared with the precipitation regions constructed earlier for the dipole model of the geomagnetic

AbstractThe effect of neutral atmospheric parameters on the radiation transfer in the Lyman-alpha line and the electron concentration in the ionospheric D region is studied for various seasons and nitric oxide (NО) concentrations. The radiation transfer was calculated with a modified radiation transfer model that allows multiscattering radiation effects. The atomic hydrogen and molecular oxygen profiles

AbstractThe study of normal geomagnetic background fields is the premise and basis for obtaining local geomagnetic anomalies caused by changes in underground pressure during gas injection and extraction in an underground gas storage (UGS) area. Measurements of the total magnetic field in an array consisting of sixty-three stations were acquired at a UGS and its surrounding areas. We completed field

AbstractThe possible relationship between the 60-year variation in global temperature with an amplitude of 0.35°C and the corresponding cycle at the location of Jupiter and Saturn is considered. It was shown that the gravitational perturbation of the Earth’s orbit by Jupiter and Saturn can only account for a global temperature variation of only 0.012°C. It is shown that the modulation of the flux of

AbstractThe most important factor determining the dynamics and structure of high-altitude discharges is the significant difference in atmospheric pressure along their length. The Sprite device was designed at the Institute of Applied Physics. It makes it possible to produce an extended concentration gradient of a neutral gas and ignite a large-scale electric discharge in it. This work presents the

AbstractThe correlation of the variations in geomagnetic cutoff rigidity of cosmic rays ΔR with the interplanetary medium parameters and geomagnetic activity indices Dst and Kp was calculated for different phases of the superstorm on November 7–8, 2004. The strongest correlation was observed between the cutoff rigidity and Dst at all stages of storm development (correlation coefficients k ≈ 0.70–0

AbstractThis study uses the evolution of a parameter introduced by the author that characterizes the relative position of planets: the daily average difference of the heliocentric longitudes for a pair of planets. Venus, Earth, and Jupiter are considered in pairs based on the minimum values of this parameter. We compiled an index (JEV) to describe the 11-year cycle of solar activity based on the minimum

AbstractVariations in the parameters of the propagation of decameter waves on two auroral radio paths, Dikson–Pevek (D = 2800 km) and Lovozero–Pevek (D = 4200 km), were studied via oblique ionospheric sounding for two days, one weakly disturbed and one strongly disturbed. The following parameters were analyzed: F2 MOF and Es MOF (the maximum observed frequencies when the signal is reflected from the

AbstractThe first results are presented for observations of the VLF emissions (1–15 kHz) conducted at polar latitudes during the expedition Transarctica 2019, which was organized by the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute. The observations were conducted onboard the Akademik Treshnikov vessel with highly sensitive equipment developed at the Polar Geophysical Institute. Bursts of the VLF emission

AbstractThe station-ring method makes it possible to isolate and study the specific angular distributions of cosmic-ray variations that are poorly described by the sum of the first spherical harmonics. Examples of the use of the station-ring method are given and described in detail. The application of the method to study precursors of Forbush effects and the behavior of cosmic rays inside the perturbations

AbstractThe work proposes methods for the study of artificial, magnetically oriented, ionosphere inhomogeneities and for its practical implementation. The developed approach makes it possible to determine the most probable longitudinal sizes and distances comparable with the wavelength of heat radiation between inhomogeneities along and across the Earth’s magnetic field, as well as the speed and direction

AbstractA parameterization of the mechanism of solar activity impact on the Earth’s troposphere developed by the authors is proposed for a model of outgoing longwave radiation, based on the integral transmission function. The PC-index of geomagnetic activity, which was developed to monitor the polar cap magnetic activity and reflects the affect of the interplanetary electric field on the magnetosphere

AbstractAn analytical semiempirical model of the bow shock based on theoretical MGD calculations, accurate analytical solutions, and experimental data continues to be developed. The model parameters have a clear physical meaning. For cases in which the magnetic field of the solar wind is directed along its velocity or is perpendicular to the velocity vector, analytical expressions that allow calculating

AbstractA number of phenomena with radio bursts in the decimeter and centimeter wavelength ranges similar to type-II bursts in the meter range have been considered. In all phenomena, the radio bursts are characterized by the cessation of frequency drift and its reversal. Analysis of all of the available data on relevant bursts provides evidence of termination shocks with particle accelerations in their

AbstractIn this paper we analyze theoretically the effect of geomagnetic field on rotation of passive conductive satellites of a spherical shape such as Russian-Australian satellite WESTPAC or Russian satellite Larets. The main cause of this effect is the generation of eddy currents and satellite magnetic moment, which interact with the Earth’s magnetic field. The analytical solutions have been derived

AbstractThe spatial distribution and dynamics of subrelativistic electron fluxes (from tens to hundreds of keV) were studied in a space experiment onboard the Vernov satellite. A joint analysis of the experimental data from the Vernov and POES satellites was carried out. Maps of the global distribution of electron fluxes with energies from hundreds keV to MeV in the near-Earth space were obtained,

AbstractThis paper considers the possibility of the deep trough formation in the integral amplitude–frequency dependence of the wave field at the classical limiting paths of a single-hop ionospheric radio waves propagation under conditions of low solar activity. Calculations based on the global ionospheric model with both standard (IRI) and alternative dynamic (IRI + GDMF2) representations of the F2

Abstract—During geomagnetic substorms, the current sheet in the Earth’s magnetotail can transversely reduce in thickness from a few radii of the Earth (RE) to one to several proton gyroradii, 250–2000 km. It is the key structure in which the energy of the magnetic field is stored and later released due to the development of instability and magnetic reconnection during the substorm period. Despite its

Abstract—The results of numerical seasonal forecasts of temperature calculated with two interactive global numerical models, the CHARM photochemical model (0–90 km) of the Central Aerological Observatory (CAO) and the seasonal forecast model PLAV of the Hydrometeorological Centre/Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (0–30 km), are presented. The wind and temperature

AbstractThe results of microwave radiometry studies of the ozone-content dynamics in the middle atmosphere above Peterhof during stratospheric warmings of two winters, 2015–2016 and 2016–2017, are presented. Ground-based observations employed mobile microwave ozone-measuring instrument (operating frequency is 110.8 GHz). The vertical ozone distribution in the altitude range of 22–60 km is estimated

Abstract—Changes in the structure of the summer equatorial anomaly of electron density with local time and longitude at high solar activity are considered in detail according to topside sounding data from the Interkosmos-19 satellite. It is shown that the equatorial anomaly starts to develop from ~0800 LT, when the winter (southern) crest is formed. The summer (northern) crest is ~2 h behind in development

Abstract—Characteristics of changes in the solar activity indices (the flux of the solar radio emission at a wavelength of 10.7 cm F and the new version of the relative sunspot number Ri) and the ionospheric index of this activity T in the 23rd and 24th solar cycles, which were low by the amplitude of solar and geomagnetic activity, are analyzed. The running mean over 12 months and smoothed (by a 24-month

AbstractThe dynamics of fluxes of thermal and suprathermal H+ and O+ ions and the pressure variations of these components during 11 events of magnetic field dipolarization in the plasma sheet of the geomagnetic tail are analyzed based on Cluster satellite observations. It was found that the energy of H+ and O+ ions corresponding to the maximum flux approached or exceeded the upper energy threshold

Abstract—The equatorial plasma “bubbles” that form at the bottom-side of the F-layer are affected by zonal plasma drift when they rise to greater altitudes. Under the influence of the drift, the bubbles move eastward. Conversely, a plasma bubble that is “stretched” along a magnetic flux tube repeats its spatial course. For example, a change in the magnetic declination of a flux tube will result in

AbstractThe article presents a new technique for the measurement of rapid variations in electron density in the ionosphere based on the rapid obtainment of vertical sounding ionograms. The new technique uses broadband pulse signals, the spectrum of which can simultaneously cover the entire range of sounding frequencies. This leads to a reduction in the ionogram recording time. The technique has been

Abstract—The time variations in the Doppler spectra at frequencies of 3.2 and 4.2 MHz on the day of fall of the Lipetsk meteoroid (near Lipetsk town, Russia) on June 21, 2018, and on the adjacent control days are analyzed with vertical Doppler sounding radar located near Kharkov (Ukraine). Two types of effects were observed in the ionospheric F region after the meteoroid explosion. The first was a

AbstractThe luminescence-intensity profiles of the bands of the first and second positive systems of molecular nitrogen were calculated for the case of the precipitation of high-energy electrons with energies from 10 keV to 10 MeV into the atmosphere. The calculations showed that the contribution of the quenching of state B3Πg N2 increases during molecular collisions with an increase in the energy

Abstract—The ERDA and IGRF-12 geomagnetic field models are used to study the behavior of Earth’s large-scale magnetic field. The unusualness of the modern field’s behavior is studied from the viewpoint of the appearance of a new reversal. Estimates are given for the change in energy of the potential magnetic field on the Earth’s surface and of the liquid core, as well as Joule dissipation in the liquid

AbstractAdditional horizontal traces of ground reflections were observed in a studied series of high-latitude, Kp sounding ionograms from the Interkosmos-19 satellite. The ionograms were recorded on May 11, 1979, in the nighttime (0000–0100 LT), weakly perturbed (Kp = 3+) ionosphere of the Southern hemisphere in the region of the main ionospheric trough. The trough had a flat bottom, as well as a steep

Abstract—Variations in solar, geomagnetic, and seismic activity cause disturbance in the ionosphere that can be monitored effectively using GPS observations. Total electron content (TEC) is an effective parameter to understand structure of ionosphere and investigate ionospheric variability by making use of GPS receivers. The aim of this study is to determine TEC variations caused by three magnetic

AbstractThe results of studies of atmospheric dynamics in the altitude range of 60–130 km are presented based on measurements of the velocity of vertical plasma motion, the temperature and density of the neutral component, and the turbopause height. The measurements were carried via resonant scattering of radio waves by artificial periodic inhomogeneities of the ionospheric plasma. The method is based

Abstract—Measurements of the differential fluxes of energetic electrons in the equatorial region of the magnetosphere in the energy range from units of keV to hundreds of keV carried out on Van Allen Probes make it possible to obtain the distribution function of electrons resonantly interacting with whistlers in the VLF range and to calculate the corresponding local growth rates (or increments) of

AbstractFor over 60 years, neutron monitors have remained the main standard, stable instrument for the measurement of cosmic rays with energies from 400 MeV to hundreds of GeV. In order to obtain sufficiently complete information about the distribution of cosmic rays outside the magnetosphere, it is necessary to have a network of detectors that are fairly evenly spaced around the globe. One of the

Abstract—The paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of the dynamics of relativistic electron fluxes of the Earth’s outer radiation belt and correspondent ring current and magnetospheric magnetic field variations for February 15–22, 2014, based on experimental data obtained in the radiation belt core aboard Van Allen Probes satellites and in geostationary orbit aboard the GOES-15 satellite

AbstractThe paper examines the results of optical observations obtained during Radar Progress experiments to study the effects (the occurrence of extensive, faintly luminous regions and a decrease in plasma concentration) arising from a release of fuel-combustion products from spacecraft engines into the upper atmosphere of the Earth. Analysis of the results of controlled experiments on the injection

AbstractThe paper presents atmospheric coupling physics through identifying a few significant features imprinted on the ionosphere by certain unique seismic environments when a number of successive cluster of earthquakes ranging from 7.1 to 8.2 magnitudes occurred within about two weeks period, over the East-West Pacific zone covering 150° E to 70° W. Amongst the cases considered here are earthquakes

AbstractThe ionosphere, a part of upper atmosphere, plays an important role on the propagation of radio waves. Hence, understanding, remote sensing and monitoring of the ionospheric phenomena can provide a compressive description to the physical process that are affected by the behavior of ionosphere. One of descriptive quantity of ionosphere is Total Electron Content (TEC). TEC is the total number

AbstractDiscrete spectra of frequencies at 8, 14, 20, 26, … Hz are generated by electromagnetic emission from lightning sources and can be regarded as excitation of AC global circuit. These electromagnetic emissions originating within the Earth-ionosphere waveguide occur in the ULF, ELF and VLF frequency ranges. These include Schuman Resonances (SR), ELF-VLF sferics, sprites etc. During 1990s and later

AbstractThe behaviour of the ionospheric F2-layer during geomagnetic storm is studied using the critical frequency parameter foF2. The magnetic storms of 2nd October 2013 and 22nd June 2015 are considered. The variations of foF2 at Millstone Hill (42.6° N, 288.5° E), Ramey (18.5° N, 292.9° E), Boa Vista (2.8° N, 299.3° E) and Port Stanley (51.6° S, 302.1° E) along the longitude of about 300° E are

AbstractThe kinetic theory is particularly suitable and convenient to calculate the collision parameters in the ionospheric medium. In this study, the mean free path (λ) and total collision numbers (Z12) for the O+ + N2 → NO+ + N reaction occurring in the ionospheric F region were calculated separately on geomagnetically quiet and disturbed days over Istanbul, Turkey. The relationship between geomagnetic