Daily variations of the Atmospheric Electric Field (AEF) allow to observe separately the atmospheric electricity due to global and local factors. Observations of the AEF are made for three different sites of Pakistan during fair weather conditions. These three sites are Islamabad (ISB), Muzaffarabad (MZF) and Balakot (BKT). Analyses of the diurnal variations of the atmospheric electric field for these

Meteorological processes such as tides influence ionospheric variability through vertical coupling. For the first time, we have used data from Communication Navigation Outage and Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite from 2008–2015 to develop a Neural Network (NN) vertical E×B drift model over the African region, with inclusion of a proxy of tides as one of the inputs together with other physical and

The study investigates the gravity waves activity detected in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere (MLT) region (80–120 km) using airglow observations performed by the Spectral Airglow Temperature Imager (SATI) at the Sierra Nevada Observatory (SNO) (37.06∘N, 3.38∘W). In this analysis column emission rates of the OH Meinel (6–2) and O2 Atmospheric (0–1) bands, as well as rotational temperatures derived

This study aims to model diurnal Land Surface Temperature (LST) on a local scale of an arid environment by utilizing the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and time series analysis of Landsat-8 satellite imageries. An arid region containing an in-situ LST station (DRA) located in Nevada, United States, was chosen as a test site. 78 Landsat-8 satellite imageries covering the test site were utilized to

The lack of reliable global E-region electron density or conductivity measurements has hampered a detailed and quantitative understanding of the E-region electrodynamic processes. The characterization of the global E-region ionospheric irregularities as a function of local time, longitude, and season remains a great challenge. In this study, we evaluate the electron densities retrieved by Wu (2018)

The ordinary wave critical frequency foEs is measured routinely by ionosondes and used widely in estimating the intensity and occurrence of sporadic E (Es) metal ion layers. Recently, however, it was realized that foEs overestimates Es intensities because it corresponds to the sum of both the layer metal ion plasma and the regular E region plasma densities. To account for this, a new parameter, foμEs

The spatio-temporal dynamic of the substorm on December 24, 2014 in the interval from 16:00 to 17:00 UT was analyzed by data of large observational complex: magnetometers data by the Scandinavian network and by the longitudinal chain of the Russian auroral stations, the auroral dynamics in Apatity and data of THEMIS satellites. During the interval under study the THEMIS-E and THEMIS-D satellites were

Aerosol plays an important role in the climate system by affecting the radiative and energy balances. Hence, in this paper, the spatial patterns of aerosol burden and aerosol optical properties (AOD) in four the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models over East Asia during 2001–2005 are compared to quantify inter-model differences and to evaluate AOD simulations against observations

We report on a statistical study of prominence eruptions (PEs) using a catalog of these events routinely imaged by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) in the 304 Å pass band. Using an algorithm developed as part of an LWS project, we have detected PEs in 304 Å synoptic images with 2-min cadence since May 2010. A catalog of these PEs is made available

Atmospheric temperature has both variations with time constants of order ½ year or longer, such as trends, annual and semiannual oscillation as well as variations with shorter time constants such as two-day waves, diurnal and semidiurnal tides, and gravity waves. Long-term amplitudes, such as trends and solar flux variations, have been determined from the time series of observed sodium lidar temperatures

This study is focused on investigating how well the day-to-day variability of HF propagation in the bottomside ionosphere can be simulated using a state-of-the-art ionosphere model coupled to a whole atmosphere model driven by the lower atmosphere. The SAMI3 ionosphere model has been coupled to the WACCM-X whole atmosphere model, which was nudged with NAVGEM-HA to incorporate the effects of lower atmospheric

Atmospheric phase screen (APS) is one of the main error sources of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) measurements. In order to accurately retrieve displacement fields, it is necessary to use advanced methods to eliminate the tropospheric effect of interferograms. In this paper, the land subsidence in Kurdistan province of Iran is investigated using Sentinel-1A acquisitions on a single

An active mapping mission is described that unambiguously connects measurements in the Earth's magnetosphere to visible aurora in the atmosphere. The core of the mission is an electron-beam source operated on a spacecraft in the equatorial magnetosphere, with the electron beam traveling along the Earth's magnetic-field lines to the atmosphere, depositing its energy to create an optical beam-spot in

Digital difference filters were used for the analysis of data of the spectral observations of the rotational temperature and emission intensity of vibrationally excited hydroxyl (OH*) at altitudes 85–90 km at observatories Zvenigorod (56° N, 37° E) for 2004–2016 years and Tory (52° N, 103° E) for 2012–2017. The monthly-average values and standard deviations of mesoscale perturbations of the OH* emission

Atmospheric tides dominate the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) dynamics and show seasonal, interannual as well as long term variability. In the present study, MLT wind data obtained between 1999 and 2019 from meteor radar observations at Cachoeira Paulista (22.7∘S, 45.0∘W), Brazil, have been used to investigate similarities and differences in the diurnal, semidiurnal and terdiurnal tide amplitudes

Analytic theory, developed in the companion paper in order to describe the coherence properties of the high frequency wave field propagating through the stochastic transionospheric channel with the inhomogeneous background layer and anisotropic fluctuations of the electron density, is further analyzed extended and specified to obtain the numerical results, which illustrate the fields coherence properties

Rigorous analytic solution is constructed for the first of 2 s-order space position and frequency coherence function (which is alternatively also termed as symmetric) of the high-frequency wave field propagating through the stochastic transionospheric channel with the inhomogeneous layer of the background ionosphere and anisotropic fluctuations of the electron density in the approximation of the appropriate

Daytime oxygen airglow emission rate variability provides us with a means of remote investigations of the upper atmospheric behavior. Dayglow emission rates typically show a diurnal pattern with a peak at around noon, especially during geomagnetic quiet conditions. The photochemical and empirical models show that the emission rates typically vary as a function of solar zenith angle (SZA) and solar

Long-term variations in annual frequencies of occurrence of magnetic storms with sudden and gradual commencements were studied on the base of the data from IZMIRAN and Slutsk (Pavlovsk) magnetic observatories for the period 1878–2015. It was found that occurrences of strong and moderate magnetic storms with gradual commencements are characterized by a pronounced variability on the multidecadal time

A Kohonen artificial neural network (ANN) was used to classify patterns of causal relationships between the level of geomagnetic activity in the auroral zone and plasma and magnetic field parameters in the body of an interplanetary magnetic cloud (IMO). Terrestrial and satellite observations during 33rd interplanetary magnetic clouds recorded from 1998 to 2012 are examined in detail. Experiments with

European monthly temperatures undergo strong fluctuations from one year to the other. The variability is controlled by natural processes such as Atlantic cycles, changes in solar activity, volcanic eruptions, unforced internal atmospheric variability, as well as anthropogenic factors. This contribution investigates the role of key natural drivers for European temperature variability, namely the Atlantic

The Ionosphere Photometer (IPM) is a far ultraviolet nadir-viewing photometer that flew aboard the second-generation, polar-orbiting Chinese meteorological satellite FY-3D, which was launched on November 25th, 2017. The F2 layer peak electron density (NmF2) and O/N2 the column density ratio can be deduced by far ultraviolet measurements of night-time OI 135.6 nm emissions, which are produced by the

Although the occurrence rate of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is high in the outer magnetosphere (L > 7), it has been suggested in the past that a steep plasma density gradient region of the plasmapause is a preferred location for the generation of EMIC waves. To examine spectral properties of the EMIC waves occurred near the nominal location of the plasmapause (L = 4–5), we focus on Pc1-Pc2

The ionospheric weather Vσ index maps are generated from GIM-TEC produced at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) with the denser grids of 1 × 1° in latitude and longitude, respectively. Using sliding-window statistical analysis, moving TEC median μ for 15 preceding days with estimated variance bounds is obtained for each grid pixel of GIM-TEC. The ionosphere variability index, Vσ, is ΔTEC deviation

In addition to X-rays, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) rays radiated from solar flares can cause serious problems, such as communication failures and satellite drag. Therefore, methods for forecasting EUV dynamic spectra during flares are urgently required. Recently, however, owing to the lack of instruments, EUV dynamic spectra have rarely been observed. Hence, we develop a new method that converts the

This paper is a continuation of research (Boroyev and Vasiliev, 2018), in which the relationship of substorm indices both with the rate of storm development and electric field of the solar wind (SW) during the main phase of magnetic storms induced by CIR and ICME events for the 1979 to 2000 period was considered. In this paper on the basis of OMNI data for 1979–2017, the correlations between substorm

In this study, we investigated the characteristics of pre-earthquake ionospheric effects related to four successive shallow-focus earthquakes (M6.4 on July 28, 2018, M6.8, 5.9, 6.9 on August 05, 09 and 19, 2018) in Indonesia by the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES). By adopting the moving median method (MMM), the ionospheric electron density (Ne) detected by the Langmuir probe (LAP) onboard

Using large data base of stable auroral arcs observed at Gillam we identified those passes of POES spacecraft which were magnetically conjugate to these arcs. We studied statistically arc locations with respect to the energetic particle isotropy boundaries (IBs), which are the well-known markers of the magnetotail regions. In the dusk and night sectors we confirm previous finding that arcs tend to

Early detection of disturbances in the atmospheric column, its spatio-temporal behavior and evolution prior to tropical cyclogenesis over warm ocean surface is a challenging problem. High-resolution atmospheric models help to better understand the atmospheric dynamical conditions and instability mechanism triggered by intense air-sea interaction leading to the formation of tropical cyclogenesis. Present

The I3RC Community Monte Carlo model of three-dimensional (3D) radiative transfer (I3RC-CM) was improved by allowing the specification of surfaces with variable albedo. A series of simulations were performed using the improved I3RC-CM in order to investigate the role of surface albedo heterogeneity in shortwave radiation transfer under 3D clouds. For the same regionally-averaged surface albedo of 0

Water vapor is the most variable constituent in the atmosphere and plays an important role in climate studies, mesoscale meteorology modeling and numerical weather forecasting. Being able to penetrate clouds, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) shows great potential in atmospheric water vapor mapping. But InSAR can only measure differential water vapor between two acquisitions. In this

Multiple properties of the solar wind that affect the earth are summarized in this overview. 13 specific solar-wind parameters that influence geomagnetic activity, the plasma sheet, the ionosphere, and the electron radiation belt are catalogued: these include the wind speed, number density, magnetic-field strength, field orientation, Mach number, Alfven speed, electron-strahl intensity, and magnetic-field

An extreme rainfall event that made major calamity over the Indian peninsula region has been investigated with a focus on the physics of the cloud system as indicated from the multi-satellite observations, ground-based radar, and model forecast experiments. The vertical structure of clouds showed deep convective cores embedded in the stratiform and is dominated by warm and mixed-phase clouds. Model

The region-1 and region-2 boundary has traditionally been identified using data from a single spacecraft crossing the auroral region and measuring the large scale changes in the cross track magnetic field. With data from the AUTUMN, CANMOS, CARISMA, GIMA, DTU MGS, MACCS, McMAC, STEP, THEMIS, and USGS ground magnetometer arrays we applied a state-of-art technique based on spherical elementary current

The ionised mesosphere is less understood than other parts of the ionosphere because of the challenges of making appropriate measurements in this complex region. We use rocket borne in situ measurements of absolute electron density by the Faraday rotation technique and accompanying DC-probe measurements to study the effect of particles on the D-region charge balance. Several examples of electron bite-outs

We use microwave imaging observations from the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz for long-term studies of solar activity. In particular, we use the polar and low-latitude brightness temperatures as proxies to the polar magnetic field and the active-regions, respectively. We also use the location of prominence eruptions as a proxy to the filament locations as a function of time. We show that the polar

The changes in humidity levels during the Diwali festivities have been examined over a period of 13 years at three Indian metro cities: Ahmedabad, New Delhi and Kolkata. A small short term increase in relative humidity even in the absence of transport of humid air from Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal has been observed. The relative humidity levels were found to be exceeding the ambient levels during