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Seismic Isolation Effects on Elevated and Ground-Supported Flexible Concrete Cylindrical Tanks Under Bi-Directional Excitation Using an Advanced Mechanical Model J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-16 Shamsedin Hashemi, Mohammad Hossein Aghashiri, Atefeh Ehteshami, Reza Kianoush
In this paper, the effectiveness of seismic isolation using lead rubber bearings (LRBs) and friction pendulum systems (FPSs) for slender and broad, grounded and elevated tanks (two seat locations of isolation systems in elevated tanks) is investigated under bi-directional excitation of up to 10 records of earthquakes. An analytical mechanical model for a flexible, concrete cylindrical tank, taking
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Effects of Inclination of Longitudinal and Vertical Acceleration Components of Near-Field Earthquake Records on Seismic Responses of Pile Foundation-Superstructure Systems in Liquefiable Soil Bed J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-03-05 Kooshyar Fadayi Asiabsary, Navid Hadiani, Amir Hossein Eghbali, Seyed Mohammad Ali Sadreddini
The inclination angle of such components with respect to the principal orthogonal axes cannot be neglected in the direct seismic analysis of soil-foundation-superstructure systems, specifically in a piled liquefiable soil bed. This study validated numerical simulations and numerically modeled a concrete moment frame on a pile foundation within a liquefiable soil bed. The direct seismic analysis of
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Can the Thermal Infrared Radiation Anomalies Reported Before Earthquakes be a Precursor? J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Jeen-Hwa Wang
Twenty-seven earthquakes in Taiwan with local magnitudes ML=5.6−7.3 and focal depths d = 8.0−215.8km were preceded by thermal infrared radiation (TIR) anomalies. The data are taken as an example to investigate the mechanisms of generating the TIR and to examine whether the TIR anomalies can be considered as a precursor or not. Let TD and TN be the largest number of days before forthcoming earthquakes
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Estimation of Damage Levels in Masonry Structures Following Earthquake Impact Using Deep Learning-based Segmentation Method J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Kemal Hacıefendioğlu, Korhan Özgan, Süleyman Adanur, Ahmet Can Altunışık, Betül Demirer, Murat Günaydın
This study presents an innovative and automated methodology for assessing damage levels in masonry structures following earthquakes, utilizing a deep learning-based segmentation approach. Central to this research is the use of a U-Net convolutional neural network (CNN) model, which facilitates automated damage detection with a focus on smartphone-enabled, real-time analysis. A key feature of this method
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Nonlinear Dynamic Behavior of Semi-Supported Steel Shear Walls J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Sajjad Zeynali, Hamid Moharrami
Despite the many advantages of steel shear walls, such as high strength and stiffness, good ductility and high energy dissipation, the increase in the size of columns next to the steel shear walls is a drawback that affects the use of this system. In order to achieve an economic design while keeping design essentials and optimal performance, a novel steel shear wall system called “semi-supported steel
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Theoretically Derived Transfer Functions and Specific Framework for Simulating Spatially Varying Seismic Underground Motions of Media-Transition Site J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Guohuan Liu, Xinyang Li
Extended projects usually undergo different motions at their supports located at varying soil property conditions when an earthquake occurs. A theoretical framework including the key transfer function is proposed for simulating multi-support seismic underground motions in media-transition sites. First, a multi-layer media-transition site is illustrated. Then, the transfer function is theoretically
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Quasi-Real-Time Inversion of Large Earthquake Rupture Process Based on Earthquake Early Warning System in China: Applications to 2017 MW 6.5 Jiuzhaigou and 2022 MW 6.7 Menyuan Earthquakes J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Jie-Min Wang, Yuan-Yuan Liang, Zhe Wu, Ju Pu, Yonghong Li, Pifeng Ma, Fengji Wang, Haitao Yin
The study of seismic ruptures is crucial for understanding major earthquake events. Historically, research on large earthquake rupture processes has required a long time to be published. However, recent advancements in earthquake early warning (EEW) systems have allowed for more rapid analyses of earthquake rupture inversions. The widespread and dense distribution of EEW stations provides in China
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Effect of Site Soil and Bus Bars on the Seismic Performance of an Isolated Power Transformer J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-14 Li Yuebing, He Yuze, Liu Yang, Song Qushenglin, Xing Shuang
A 500-kV power transformer substation was focused on for seismic performance examination. Finite element models of the power transformer, isolation layers, site soil, bus bars and support structure were established under various analysis conditions. By inputting typical ground motions into the models, seismic time history responses were obtained. First, the seismic performance, critical position and
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Retrofitting Solution for Soft Story Mitigation in Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings: A Socio-technical Approach Using Numerical Optimization J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-13 Kishor Timsina, Nikshan Amatya, Chaitanya K. Gadagamma, Kimiro Meguro
This research provides a practical and feasible retrofitting solution for soft story in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings with masonry infill walls for example in Nepal through numerical analysis. It is well understood that stiffness and strength of the soft story floor can be increased significantly by adding RC shear wall in the frame opening of the ground floor, making lateral deformation of that
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Event Detection Techniques and Optimization for Earthquake Early Warning Application J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-02-01 Anubrata Roy, Siddhartha Sarkar, Amarendra Goap, Satish Kumar
An efficient, robust, reliable Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) can play a vital role in hazard mitigation by reducing false and missed alarms. This study represents a comparative analysis of state-of-the-art real-time event detection techniques for the EEW. In real-time event detection, a trade-off between detection reliability and delay in detection exists dominantly. This trade-off is the motivation
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Numerical Investigation on Sloshing Phenomena in U-Shaped Containers Subjected to Near-Fault Strong Ground Motions J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-17 Anupam Das, Tanmoy Konar, Damodar Maity
In a laterally excited, partially liquid-filled U-shaped container, oscillation is the predominant motion of the liquid. However, there would be some sloshing in the liquid free surface at the vertical limbs of the container. Due to the presence of high-energy velocity pulses, near-fault ground motions can cause significant sloshing in the vertical limbs of the container. Thus, it is necessary to examine
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Seismic Performance and Damage Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures Based on Field Investigation Made After February 6, 2023, Kahramanmaraş Earthquakes J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 B. Sevim, Y. Ayvaz, S. Akbulut, M. F. Aydıner, S. Uzun, A. Ari
On 6 February 2023, an earthquake doublet occurred, the first at Kahramanmaraş Pazarcık district (Mw=7.7) at local time 04:17 and the second, which approximately 9 hours after the first earthquake, occurred at Kahramanmaraş Elbistan district (Mw=7.6) at local time 13:24 in Türkiye. It is a disaster affected 11 cities in the eastern region in Türkiye and is referred as “Disaster of the Century”. Earthquake
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Damage Spectra of SDOF Structures Under Tsunami Actions Considering the Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis Method J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2024-01-09 Xiaolan Pan, Zhongyao Lin, Lianpeng Zhang, Zhi Zheng
This paper studies the damage spectra of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems for tsunami loading. The 2011 Tohoku tsunami wave traces are computed and obtained by adopting the Cornell Multi-grid Coupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model and are further verified by the Tohoku Tsunami Joint Survey (TTJS) data. The tsunami response analyses of SDOF systems are conducted taking into account the dynamic analysis
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Effect of Initial Stress and Mechanical Impedance Boundary on Scholte’s Wave at Micropolar Solid–Liquid Interface J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-12-06 R. Lianngenga, J. Lalvohbika
In this paper, we study Scholte’s waves propagating along the interface of micropolar solid and liquid media, considering the effect of initial stress and impedance boundary surface. We obtained the phase velocities of basic elastic waves in both media and used them to derive the secular equation of Scholte’s wave. We found that the initial stress in the solid material does not affect the speed of
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Energy Content Analysis of the Large 2019 Ridgecrest, California Seismic Sequence J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-30 Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh
The energy content of ground motion records obtained during the 2019 M6.4, M7.1 Ridgecrest, California earthquakes which occurred closely in space is analyzed in this paper. Wavelet transform as a powerful tool, that is used to evaluate the energy content characteristics including cumulative energy profiles and the total energy for different components of records, was obtained at three stations named
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Time-Varying Seismic Fragility Analysis of ECC-RC Composite Bridge with High-Strength Steel Bars J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-11-17 Yan Liang, Yu-Zhen Kong, Cheng-Xin Zhao, Rui-Qing Liu, Jun Luo, Ren-Hui Zhu
An Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)-Reinforced Concrete (RC) composite pier with high-strength steel bars was developed to address various deterioration concerns in bridges, such as reinforcement bar corrosion, decreased concrete strength, and inadequate seismic performance of RC piers. This paper focuses on the seismic performance of the bridge with ECC-RC composite piers with high-strength
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Conditionally Simulated Nonstationary Multi-point Earthquake Accelerograms Using Regressive Model J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-08-08 Pan Wen, Baofeng Zhou, Ruizhi Wen
A new method is presented that simulates nonstationary multipoint earthquake accelerograms at local field points, when the observed ground motions are specified at several locations. This process effectively avoids the stochastic decomposition of the spectral matrix. In addition, it does not use the target spectrum and spatial coherence function to define the information of each point. First, the observed
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Evaluation the Effects of Wave Scattering Resonance from Complex Topographies Using Boundary Element Method J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-15 Mohsen Isari, Reza Tarinejad, Ramtin Sobhkhiz Foumani, Abbasali Taghavi Ghalesari
One of the important factors in the amplification of seismic waves arriving the ground surface is site effects. Site effects, known as topographic irregularities, lead to seismic wave scattering, and this phenomenon can amplify or reduce the displacement recorded in different parts of a site. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate these effects for an accurate evaluation of the dynamic response
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Analysis of the Dynamic Response of Oil and Gas Long-Distance Pipelines Under Multipoint Excitation of Different Seismic Intensities J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-07-05 Zhaocheng Wang, Jianbo Dai, Hao Wang, Zhiqiang Wang, Jiang Zhu
In this study, a pipe-soil finite element analysis model was built using the shaking table test results of buried pipelines that were achieved through longitudinal multipoint excitation and multipoint excitation under different seismic intensities, so as to numerically simulate the seismic response of buried pipelines under longitudinal multipoint excitation and multipoint excitation under different
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Experimental Investigations Using Computer Vision for Debris Motion Generated by Solitary Waves J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-16 Taeyoon Kim, Taegeon Hwang, Seungil Baek, Sunghoon Hong, Jiwon Kim, Woo-Dong Lee
A tsunami created by the momentary release of a large amount of energy accumulated in the ocean crust destroys coastal structures and generates considerable debris, posing a serious threat to coastal communities. Hence, understanding the movement characteristics of drifting attributed to tsunamis for coastal disaster prevention is necessary. In this study, a color-based Debris mOtion Tracking (DOT)
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Improving the Seismic Performance of Eccentrically Braced Frames Using Tie Elements J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Sepehr Semsar, Seyed Rasoul Mirghaderi, Farhad Keshavarzi, Samira Ebrahimi
In Eccentrically Braced Frames (EBFs), link beams in lower storeys may experience a high risk of vulnerability due to the nondistribution of plastic hinges in the frame height and this problem leads to the formation of the soft storey. To mitigate such vulnerabilities, successive link beams can be tied throughout the structure height employing tie elements to develop a tied EBF (TBF) system. Unlike
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Effects of the Vertical Component of Ground Motion on the Maximum-Inelastic-Horizontal-Response of SDOFs J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Seyed Mohammad Fard Mousavi, Serhan Sensoy
This study investigates potential effects of the vertical-component-of-ground-motion (VCGM) on the maximum-inelastic-horizontal-response (MIHR) of single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. The effects of VCGM can be considered in two categories. First, it may initiate some modes of failure, like over-compression, and second, it might adversely influence the horizontal response through altering the P-delta
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Numerical Investigation of Reducing Wave Propagation Hazard Utilizing an Appropriate Vegetation Area J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-05-15 Maryam Ziaadini-Dashtekhaki, Mahnaz Ghaeini-Hessaroeyeh, Saleh Hamzehei-Javaran
In this study, a numerical model was employed to determine the optimal location for vegetation as an environmentally friendly method of attenuating tsunami waves. The governing equations are shallow water equations solved using shock-capturing schemes with second-order accuracy model. This simulation was validated using experimental data and another numerical model for simulating the propagation of
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Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of South Korean Nuclear Power Plants J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-27 Cuneyt Yavuz
Multi-hazard risk assessments of potential earthquake-triggered tsunamis with the positive contribution of climate change-related sea level rise (SLR) are performed for Hanul and Shin-Hanul (originally the Uljin), Kori and Shin-Kori, and Wolsong and Shin-Wolsong Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs) throughout the 21st century. Logic tree approach is used to construct probabilistic tsunami hazard model for evaluating
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Field Investigation on Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Damages after November 23, 2022 Gölyaka (Düzce) Earthquake J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-11 Batuhan Aykanat, Esin Ertürk, Ahmet Can Altunışık, Mehmet Emin Aslan
A strong earthquake with a moment magnitude of Mw=5.9 according to the Disaster and Emergency Management Authority (AFAD) occurred at 04:08 local time on November 23, 2022, in Gölyaka district of Düzce province that is located in the Western Black Sea region of Turkey. The earthquake with a shallow focus is 0.82 km away from Kemeryani village of Gölyaka district, which is the nearest settlement. According
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Multi-Point-Source Describing Large Earthquake Based on Rupture Process Inversion and Image Segmentation J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-04-06 Jie-Min Wang, Yuan-Yuan Liang, Qingwen Sun, Xingmei Zhang, Liang Wang, Shuang Wu, Xiaohan Li, Haitao Yin
The rupture process of large earthquakes is generally complex and contains multiple sub-faults planes with different focal mechanisms. The focal mechanisms inversion of these sub-faults by applying the Multi-Point-Source Faulting Representations (MPSFR) are essential for seismic stress analysis and earthquake disaster assessment. The MPSFR method is time-consuming and often with unstable results. In
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Method for Determining Effective Frequency Range of Coherency Based on Seismic Energy J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-03-30 Yanyan Yu, Haiping Ding, Yue Zhu, Yi Luo
When using data recorded by dense instrument arrays to fit the coherency model of spatial variation of seismic ground motions, the selected frequency range may affect the fitting parameters, which also affects the synthesized time history of the ground motion field. In this study, the acceleration of the 5th and the 45th Earthquake of the SMART-1 array was selected. The Abrahamson and Loh models were
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Non-Parametric Seismic Fragility Curves of SDOF Systems Based on a Clustering Process J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Saman Yaghmaei-Sabegh, Shabnam Neekmanesh
Most non-parametric methods to extract the fragility curves are based on simulated records which not only can impose additional computational efforts, but also may not represent stochastic nature of real ground motion records. Therefore, a new classification-based procedure is proposed in this study to extract the seismic fragility curves using real ground, motion records. Generally, providing an applicable
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Theoretical Solutions for Variable Ground Motions of Media-Transition Canyons with Partly Filled Water Subjected to SV-Waves Incidence J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-14 Guohuan Liu, Xinyang Li
Long-span structures (e.g. dams or canyon-crossing bridges) are usually located at the sites with media transition, local topography and partially filled water. However, the existing studies on the spatially variable seismic motions considering local terrains mainly focus on the single- or dual-phase media with rare consideration of the effect of media transition. Therefore, this study is motivated
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Mitigation of Structural Vibrations Due to Pulse-Type-Near-Fault Earthquake by the Compliant Liquid Column Damper J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2023-02-07 Achintya Kumar Roy, Tanmoy Konar, Aparna Dey Ghosh
Pulse-type-near-fault (P-N) earthquake ground excitations can inflict serious damage to structures in built-up areas situated close to seismic faults. The high frequency content, high velocity pulses of long period, and fling effects cause P-N motions to impose large demands on both stiff and flexible structures. Among various passive control devices, the liquid column damper (LCD) is economical and
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Analysis of the Extreme Tsunami Risk to Sanya New Airport in the South China Sea J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-12-15 Xi Zhao, Hua Liu, Zhiyuan Ren, Yunpeng Jiang
The Manila trench in the South China Sea (SCS) is identified as being most susceptible to the future major earthquakes. Once a submarine earthquake occurs, the coastal areas and ocean engineering projects around SCS will be affected. Based on the Sanya new airport project, this paper presents an analysis of tsunami impacts to the project region. A series of numerical simulations of tsunami are carried
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Effect of Frequency Content of Seismic Excitation on Slosh Response of Liquid Tank with Baffle Plate J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-25 P. Nimisha, B. R. Jayalekshmi, Katta Venkataramana
The violent dynamic behavior of liquid under horizontal excitation is a key factor that needs to be addressed in the seismic-resistant design of liquid tanks. Therefore, this study focuses on the slosh response of the liquid medium in a rectangular tank under Imperial Valley 1979, El Centro 1940 and Kobe 1995 ground motions of different frequency ranges. The ground motions records are selected based
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Modeling Reinforced Concrete Moment Frames Supported on Quintuple Friction Pendulum Bearings for Nonlinear Response History Analysis J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Ahed Habib, Umut Yildirim
Base isolation systems have attained significant advancements over the past several decades, with new technologies being developed to enhance the performance of structures when subjected to moderate and severe seismic excitations. The multi-stage friction pendulum is among the most efficient systems owing to its broad range of effective pendula with several regimes that provide excellent energy dissipation
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Quantitative Modeling of Pulse-Like Ground Motions Using Imperialist Competitive Optimization Algorithm J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Zahra Minaei, Seyed Rohollah Hoseini Vaez, Ehsan Dehghani, Elham Ezzati
Increasing attention in quantitative and qualitative models has been paid to the dominant velocity pulse of the pulse-like ground motions. Manual trial and error approach for fitting of time history and response spectrum of the actual record and simulated pulse has been employed to obtain pulse parameters of these models. In this study, a mathematical model and the imperialist competitive algorithm
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Development of Near-Field Earthquake Loading Protocols for the Steel Moment Connections in Iran J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-11-11 Elyas Alizehi, Mehdi Ghassemieh, Seyed Rasoul Mirghaderi, Mahmoud Ali Ali
Steel moment frame buildings are widely used in Iran and around the world. The observations from major earthquakes underscored the importance of the beam-to-column connections in seismic force-resisting systems and their influence on such building’s performance. Since the most catastrophic earthquakes that occurred in Iran contained the characteristics of near-field earthquakes, hence understanding
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Friction Tuned Mass Dampers in Seismic-Excited High-Rise Buildings with SSI Effects: A Reliability Assessment J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-10-05 Sadegh Etedali, Morteza Akbari, Mohammad Seifi
The probabilistic performance of the seismic-excited structures supplemented with passive control devices has recently received attention. Friction tuned mass damper (FTMD) devise as a novel passive control device is inspired by the idea of the combination of the friction mechanism with the traditional tuned mass damper (TMD) device. Although the application of the FTMD device has recently been considered
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Boulder Transportation on the Flat Bed by Dam Break J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-09-14 Jing-Hua Lin, Yi-Wei Chang, Guan-Yu Chen
Large coral boulders are usually deposited in coastal regions due to high-energy inundation events, such as tsunamis or storms. The study on physical mechanisms is an important issue in hydrodynamics and sedimentology. In this study, the dam break induced the transportation, and the initial movements of a boulder are simulated on a flatbed in a laboratory experiment using a microelectromechanical system
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Modeling of the Initial Stage of Wave Generation by a Suddenly Rising or Falling Seabed J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-15 Chih-Hua Chang
In this study, a three-dimensional entirely nonlinear model was used for simulating the wave generation problem caused by seabed movement. This study focuses on the waveform of the initial stage of wave generation. The numerical model was verified by comparing the simulated results with existing experimental results. Satisfactory results of the waveforms and flow fields were obtained. The simulations
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Estimation and Application of Strength and Stiffness Reduction Factors of Liquefiable Soil J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-15 Jui-Ching Chou, Ming-Yen Chiang, Ciao-Rou Tang
The reduction of soil strength and stiffness caused by soil liquefaction is an important issue in designing pile or shallow foundations on liquefiable soils. In practice, strength and stiffness reduction is considered via a reduction factor (DE) approach in seismic design. Different sets of values of DE are available according to the factor of safety against liquefaction (FL) of the liquefiable soil;
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Influences of Wall Configurations on Earthquake Behavior of Cantilever Retaining Walls Considering Soil-Structure Interaction Effects J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-08-15 Kasif Furkan Ozturk, Tufan Cakir, Onur Araz
Cantilever walls are frequently and necessarily built not only in earthquake prone regions but also on different foundation subsoils with various physical and mechanical characteristics. The response of these structures is a complicated soil-structure interaction (SSI) problem, in which the relative stiffness between the soil and structure is of critical importance. In addition to different soil conditions
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Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Assessment of Offshore Wave Heights for Southern Region of Pingtung County in Southern Taiwan J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Yen-Lung Chen, Yu-Hsiu Shen, Han-Lun Wu, Shih-Chun Hsiao
This study applies the unit tsunami method and probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis to investigate the tsunami hazard for the southern region of Pingtung County in southern Taiwan. The FUNWAVE-TVD model is used to calculate the aleatory and epistemic uncertainties. The aleatory uncertainty is analyzed using a comparison of simulated and observed maximum tsunami wave heights and the epistemic uncertainty
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Derivation, Validation, and Numerical Implementation of a Two-Dimensional Boulder Transport Formulation by Coastal Waves J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Masashi Watanabe, Takumi Yoshii, Volker Roeber, Kazuhisa Goto, Fumihiko Imamura
Numerical computations for boulder transport have become a state-of-the-art tool for hindcasting the hydraulic processes associated with past storm wave and tsunami events. Since most previously developed two-dimensional formulations cater to boulders with symmetric outlines, they can consequently reproduce the transport distance and the velocity of boulders of cubic shape or similar structured geometries
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Creation of Tsunami Evacuation Time Map for the Mentawai Islands, Indonesia J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 Yusuke Ono, Rusnardi Rahmat Putra
The Mentawai Islands are located offshore of West Sumatra, Indonesia, and are likely to be hit by a large-scale tsunami in the future. In this study, maps showing tsunami evacuation times (ETs) along the road on the Mentawai Islands were developed to mitigate tsunami impact. We define the tsunami ET as the time required for an evacuee to move to a safe location through the road network from the tsunami
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Study on Further Improvement of Anti-tsunami Ability of a New Type Bridge Pier J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Wanli Yang, Hailin Hou, Quanlong Zhu, Junling Liu, Fuhai Li, Lingyuan Zhou
Compared with circular, square and diamond piers, the N60 pier proposed in our previous study has been numerically proven to be effective in reducing tsunami force. The relatively stronger vortices behind the N60 pier are responsible for the not-small-enough tsunami force on the N60 pier. The asymmetry in shape makes the N60 pier fail to reduce flood force because flood propagates in the opposite direction
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Numerical Modeling of Generation of Landslide Tsunamis: A Review J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-23 Cheng-Hsien Lee, Peter H.-Y. Lo, Huabin Shi, Zhenhua Huang
Depth-integrated wave models are widely used for simulating large-scale propagation of landslide tsunamis, with the generation of tsunami being simulated separately by various generation models to provide the required initial conditions. For a given problem, the selection of a proper tsunami generation model is an important aspect for tsunami hazard analysis. The generation of tsunamis by submarine
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Seismic Active Pressure on an Inclined Retaining Wall with Surcharge on a Submerged Backfill J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-21 Godas Srikar, Satyendra Mittal
Seismic design of retaining wall supporting submerged retaining wall requires precise estimation of lateral earth pressure considering realistic parameters that constitute hydro-dynamic pressure, frequency inputs and other dynamic properties. The purpose of this study is to establish a closed-form solution for seismic lateral earth pressure acting on a retaining wall with submerged backfill with surcharge
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Modeling the Evolution and Runup of Breaking Solitary and Solitary-Like Waves on Straight and Composite Slopes J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 Yun-Ta Wu
Understanding the runup and inundation of long waves on coasts is of great importance for coastal community as flooding hazards are closely related to safety issues. For many years, solitary and solitary-like waves are frequently considered as a surrogate of extremely long waves for estimating runup and inundation. Since scaling issues are of concern when extending to real-world conditions, large-scale
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Proposing a Set of Far-Field Records for Time History Analysis in Tehran City and Comparison with FEMA-P695 Set Records J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 M. Hassani Sokhtesaraei, M. Ghassemieh, S. R. Mirghaderi
The aim of this paper is to prepare a list of appropriate far-field records for the purpose of time history analysis and structural design assessment in Tehran. Accordingly, the study focused on considering all parameters affecting the choice of accelerogram pair for Tehran. For this purpose, a total of 1000 accelerogram pairs of the earthquakes that occurred in Iran during 1978–2010 were studied in
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Effect of Mainshock–Aftershock Excitations on Seismic Energy Dissipation Mechanism of RC Frames J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-16 F. Soleiman Meigooni, M. Tehranizadeh
Four RC moment frames (RCMFs) with 4–20 stories are designed, modeled, and subjected to IDA procedures by considering various levels of prior damage caused by mainshock (MS). The collapse of the structures is then identified by gradual scale-up of the aftershock until dynamic instability is observed. The percentage of the energies dissipated by various parts of the structures and via different modes
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Site-specific Investigations of the Earthquake Activities and Hazards for Some Caves in Thailand J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-03 Santi Pailoplee, Sakonvan Chawchai, Parisa Nimnate
The seismicity for 35 natural caves in Thailand was investigated probabilistically in order to provide information on their potential earthquake situation. All values representing the earthquake activities within a 300-km radius and the seismic hazard level at each cave were clarified. Seismotectonically, 28 of the 35 caves are situated within previously proposed seismic source zones and most of the
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Earthquake Activities along the Sagaing Fault Zone, Central Myanmar: Implications for Fault Segmentation J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-06-03 Santi Pailoplee, Parisa Nimnate
In this study, the three terms related to the seismic activities of the Sagaing Fault Zone (SFZ), central Myanmar, of the possible maximum magnitude, return period, and probability of exceedance (POE) of an earthquake of given magnitude were evaluated and mapped using an improved earthquake catalog (free of duplicate records, foreshocks, aftershocks and recording artifacts) and implementation of a
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Seismic Ground Motion Amplification in a 3D Sedimentary Basin: Source Mechanism and Intensity Measures J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Rajesh Parla, Surendra Nadh Somala
Ground motion amplification has been observed in most earthquakes triggered near the sediment-filled basins such as 2015 Nepal and 1999 Chi–Chi events. Many numerical studies pointed out the effect of various parameters such as material properties and geometric features of the basin on ground motion amplification but the effect of the complete range of source mechanism parameters needs to be addressed
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Strong Motion Models for Duration and Arias Intensity for Strong Motion Records in Chile J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 S. Céspedes, R. Boroschek, R. O. Ruiz
Chile presents a high seismicity and very particular characteristics due to its subductive environment and high convergence rate of the interacting plates. In this paper, ground motion models (GMM) for Arias Intensity and strong ground motion duration are developed based on recently compiled Chilean earthquakes records. The Chilean derived GMM are later compared with global and subduction models. For
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Bond Slip in Reinforced Concrete Beam–Column Joints — A Semi-Empirical Implicit Modeling and Possible Influence of Design Standard Compliance J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 Dhiman Basu, Mohit Lakhani
Bond slip in RC beam–column joints may affect the seismic response or performance assessment of structures considerably. Explicit macroscopic models that satisfy the joint kinematics can be incorporated within a frame model to numerically account for the effect of bond slip. Seismic performance assessment of buildings generally rules out the explicit modeling owing to the associated computational cost
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Seismic Response Mitigation of Extra-Large LNG Storage Tanks J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 S. H. Kharde, D. P. Soni
The paper investigates the effectiveness of a smart base-isolation system for seismic response mitigation of extra-large liquified natural gas (LNG) storage tanks. The mathematical model of the base-isolated LNG tank with smart dampers, the magneto-rheological (MR) dampers, is presented. The governing equations of motion of the smart system are derived and solved by the classical transition matrix
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Hybrid Broadband Ground Motion Simulation for 2015 Mw 7.9 Nepal Earthquake J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-31 K. P. Sreejaya, S. T. G. Raghukanth
The present study aims at simulating broadband ground motions in the epicentral region of the 2015Mw 7.9 Nepal event, using hybrid broadband technique. The spectral element method is used to simulate the low-frequency ground motion. The three-dimensional material property variation and the basin geometry at the Kathmandu basin are incorporated in the spectral element model. High frequency synthetics
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Automated Model Construction of Urban Structures with Limited Digital Data J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-14 Hideyuki O-tani, Kahori Iiyama, Shuhei Takaya, Masaaki Yabe
A key functionality of Integrated Earthquake Simulation which carries out regional earthquake simulations is automated model construction that builds a set of analysis models for different numerical analysis methods, using a variety of data which cover city and urban areas. In this study, we present the current state of the automated model construction for structures. Its unique feature is the ability
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Modeling Seismic-Soil-Pile Interaction (SSPI) Problems for Large Pile Groups J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-14 Ben Zhao, Jiahui Ho, Subhadeep Banerjee, Siang-Huat Goh, Fook-Hou Lee
This paper presents a critical review of the current challenges in analyzing large, realistic pile groups in soft clay soil under earthquake shaking. The review focuses on three main essentials of numerical analyses, namely soil behavior and constitutive model, pile and pile-soil interface modeling and computational framework.
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An Experimental Study of Characteristics of Solitary-Wave-Induced Scour Around a Pile Breakwater with a Discussion on Effects of the Distance between Piles J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-05-05 Conghao Xu, Zhenhua Huang
Understanding tsunami-induced scour at a pile breakwater is important for the foundation safety of this type of coastal defense structures. A series of wave-flume tests were performed for G∕D=0.11, with G being the gap size and D the pile diameter, to study the characteristics of the solitary-wave-induced local scour around a pile breakwater, including the scour-hole depth, scour-hole length, deposition
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On Computational Costs for Monte Carlo Regional-Scale Simulation for Reliable Estimate of City and Urban Area Earthquake Disaster J. Earthq. Tsunami (IF 1.5) Pub Date : 2022-04-30 Takamasa Iryo, Kahori Iiyama, Maddegedara Lalith, Muneo Hori
Regional-scale simulation in high spatial and temporal resolutions is being developed for a more reliable estimate of earthquake disasters in city and urban areas. Monte Carlo simulation is used to account for various uncertainties in analysis models. Since one regional-scale simulation needs a large amount of computation, it is important to estimate computational costs for the Monte Carlo simulation