We answer a question left open in [4] and [3], by proving that the blow-up of minimizers $u$ of the lower dimensional obstacle problem is unique at generic point of the free boundary.

A curve shortening equation related to the evolution of grain boundaries is presented. This equation is derived from the grain boundary energy by applying the maximum dissipation principle. Gradient estimates and large time asymptotic behavior of solutions are considered. In the proof of these results, one key ingredient is a new weighted monotonicity formula that incorporates a time-dependent mobility

We study a tumor growth model in two space dimensions, where proliferation of the tumor cells leads to expansion of the tumor domain and migration of surrounding normal tissues into the exterior vacuum. The model features two moving interfaces separating the tumor, the normal tissue, and the exterior vacuum. We prove local-in-time existence and uniqueness of strong solutions for their evolution starting

This paper is concerned with the well-posedness theory of the impact of a subsonic axially symmetric jet emerging from a semi-infinitely long nozzle, onto a rigid wall. The fluid motion is described by the steady isentropic Euler system. We showed that there exists a critical value $M_{cr} > 0$, if the given mass flux is less than $M_{cr}$, there exists a unique smooth subsonic axially symmetric jet

Minimal partition problems consist in finding a partition of a domain into a given number of components in order to minimize a geometric criterion. In applicative fields such as image processing or continuum mechanics, it is standard to incorporate in this objective an interface energy that accounts for the lengths of the interfaces between components. The present work is focused on the theoretical

We study the dynamics of a droplet moving on an inclined rough surface in the absence of inertial and viscous stress effects. In this case, the dynamics of the droplet is a purely geometric motion in terms of the wetting domain and the capillary surface. Using a single graph representation, we interpret this geometric motion as a gradient flow on a manifold. We propose unconditionally stable first/second

In this paper, a multi-layered interface system is introduced, which is formally derived by a singular limit of a weakly coupled system of the Allen–Cahn type equation. By using the level set approach, this system is written as a quasi-monotone degenerate parabolic system with discontinuous functions. The well-posedness of viscosity solutions is shown, and the singularity of particular viscosity solutions

This article is concerned with a porous medium equation whose pressure law is both nonlinear and nonlocal, namely $\partial_t u = { \nabla \cdot} \left(u \nabla(-\Delta)^{\frac{\alpha}{2}-1}u^{m-1} \right)$ where $u:\mathbb{R}_+\times \mathbb{R}^N \to \mathbb{R}_+$, for $0<\alpha<2$ and $m\geq2$. We prove that the $L^1\cap L^\infty$ weak solutions constructed by Biler, Imbert and Karch (2015) are locally

The evolution of a closed two-dimensional surface driven by both mean curvature flow and a reaction--diffusion process on the surface is formulated into a system, which couples the velocity law not only to the surface partial differential equation but also to the evolution equations for the geometric quantities, namely the normal vector and the mean curvature on the surface. Two algorithms are considered

The recent literature has intensively studied two classes of nonlocal variational problems, namely the ones related to the minimisation of energy functionals that act on functions in suitable Sobolev-Gagliardo spaces, and the ones related to the minimisation of fractional perimeters that act on measurable sets of the Euclidean space. In this article, we relate these two types of variational problems

Given a closed countably $1$-rectifiable set in $\mathbb R^2$ with locally finite $1$-dimensional Hausdorff measure, we prove that there exists a Brakke flow starting from the given set with the following regularity property. For almost all time, the flow locally consists of a finite number of embedded curves of class $W^{2,2}$ whose endpoints meet at junctions with angles of either 0, 60 or 120 degrees

The analytical understanding of microstructures arising in martensitic phase transitions relies usually on the study of stress-free interfaces between different variants of martensite. However, in the literature there are experimental observations of non stress-free junctions between martensitic plates, where the compatibility theory fails to be predictive. In this work, we focus on $V_{II}$ junctions

In this thesis, we study asymptotic behaviors of a free boundary arised from the evaluation of a corporate bond subject to changes of the credit rating of the underlying company. The credit rating migration is modeled by a free boundary which separates different credit rating regions in a state space. We first formulate the mathematical problem and then we establish the well-posedness of the problem

Motivated by applications to image reconstruction, in this paper we analyse a \emph{finite-difference discretisation} of the Ambrosio-Tortorelli functional. Denoted by $\varepsilon$ the elliptic-approximation parameter and by $\delta$ the discretisation step-size, we fully describe the relative impact of $\varepsilon$ and $\delta$ in terms of $\Gamma$-limits for the corresponding discrete functionals

In this paper, we extend the results of [8] by proving exponential asymptotic $H^1$-convergence of solutions to a one-dimensional singular heat equation with $L^2$-source term that describe evolution of viscous thin liquid sheets while considered in the Lagrange coordinates. Furthermore, we extend this asymptotic convergence result to the case of a time inhomogeneous source. This study has also independent

We describe a convex relaxation for the Gilbert-Steiner problem both in $R^d$ and on manifolds, extending the framework proposed in [9], and we discuss its sharpness by means of calibration type arguments. The minimization of the resulting problem is then tackled numerically and we present results for an extensive set of examples. In particular we are able to address the Steiner tree problem on surfaces

In this paper, we extend the results of [1] by proving exponential asymptotic $H^1$-convergence of solutions to a one-dimensional singular heat equation with $L^2$-source term that describe evolution of viscous thin liquid sheets while considered in the Lagrange coordinates. Furthermore, we extend this asymptotic convergence result to the case of a time inhomogeneous source. This study has also independent

In this paper we present an individual-based mechanical model that describes the dynamics of two contiguous cell populations with different proliferative and mechanical characteristics. An off-lattice modelling approach is considered whereby: (i) every cell is identified by the position of its centre; (ii) mechanical interactions between cells are described via generic nonlinear force laws; and (iii)

We propose a model for cell polarization as a response to an external signal which results in a system of PDEs for different variants of a protein on the cell surface and interior respectively. We study stationary states of this model in certain parameter regimes in which several reaction rates on the membrane as well as the diffusion coefficient within the cell are large. It turns out that in suitable

We derive a comparison principle for a degenerate elliptic partial differential equation without boundary conditions which arises naturally in optimal learning strategies. Our argument is direct and exploits the degeneracy of the differential operator to construct (logarithmically) diverging barriers.

We prove a global existence result for weak solutions to a one-dimensional free boundary problem with flux boundary conditions describing swelling along a halfline. Additionally, we show that solutions are not only unique but also depend continuously on data and parameters. The key observation is that the structure of our system of partial differential equations allows us to show that the moving a

A variational model for epitaxially-strained thin films on rigid substrates is derived both by {\Gamma}-convergence from a transition-layer setting, and by relaxation from a sharp-interface description available in the literature for regular configurations. The model is characterized by a configurational energy that accounts for both the competing mechanisms responsible for the film shape. On the one

Using formal asymptotic methods we derive a free boundary problem representing one of the simplest mathematical descriptions of the growth and death of a tumour or other biological tissue. The mathematical model takes the form of a closed interface evolving via forced mean curvature flow (together with a `kinetic under-cooling' regularisation) where the forcing depends on the solution of a PDE that

A diffuse interface model for surfactants in multi-phase flow with three or more fluids is derived. A system of Cahn-Hilliard equations is coupled with a Navier-Stokes system and an advection-diffusion equation for the surfactant ensuring thermodynamic consistency. By an asymptotic analysis the model can be related to a moving boundary problem in the sharp interface limit, which is derived from first

The problem of the sudden growth and coalescence of voids in elastic media is considered. The Dirichlet energy is minimized among incompressible and invertible Sobolev deformations of a two-dimensional domain having $n$ microvoids of radius $\varepsilon$. The constraint is added that the cavities should reach at least certain minimum areas $v_{1},...,v_{n}$ after the deformation takes place. They can

A homogenization problem arising in the gradient theory of ∞uid-∞uid phase transitions is addressed in the vector-valued setting by means of i-convergence.

We consider the sharp interface limit of the Allen-Cahn equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary condition in a two-dimensional domain $\Omega$, in the situation where an interface has developed and intersects $\partial\Omega$. Here a parameter $\varepsilon>0$ in the equation, which is related to the thickness of the diffuse interface, is sent to zero. The limit problem is given by mean curvature

We study the large time behavior of the solutions to a two phase extension of the porous medium equation, which models the so-called seawater intrusion problem. The goal is to identify the self-similar solutions that correspond to steady states of a rescaled version of the problem. We fully characterize the unique steady states that are identified as minimizers of a convex energy and shown to be radially

A general model covering a large variety of the so-called adhesive or cohesive, possibly also frictional, contact interfaces between visco-elastic bodies with inertia considered in a thermodynamical context is presented. A semi-implicit time discretisation which conserves energy, is numerically stable and convergent, and which advantageously decouples the system is devised. An extension to porous media

We consider the local well-posedness of the one-dimensional nonisentropic Euler equations with moving physical vacuum boundary condition. The physical vacuum singularity requires the sound speed to be scaled as the square root of the distance to the vacuum boundary. The main difficulty lies in the fact that the system of hyperbolic conservation laws becomes characteristic and degenerate at the vacuum

Non-transversal intersection of the free and fixed boundary is shown to hold and a classification of blow-up solutions is given for obstacle problems generated by fully nonlinear uniformly elliptic operators in two dimensions which appear in the mean-field theory of superconducting vortices.

In this article we study a normalised double obstacle problem with polynomial obstacles $ p^1\leq p^2$ under the assumption that $ p^1(x)=p^2(x)$ iff $ x=0$. In dimension two we give a complete characterisation of blow-up solutions depending on the coefficients of the polynomials $p^1, p^2$. In particular, we see that there exists a new type of blow-ups, that we call double-cone solutions since the

We analyze the convergence rates to a planar interface in the Mullins-Sekerka model by applying a relaxation method based on relationships among distance, energy, and dissipation. The relaxation method was developed by two of the authors in the context of the 1-d Cahn-Hilliard equation and the current work represents an extension to a higher dimensional problem in which the curvature of the interface

In this paper we prove the global existence, uniqueness, optimal large time decay rates, and uniform gain of analyticity for the exponential PDE $h_t=\Delta e^{-\Delta h}$ in the whole space $\mathbb{R}^d_x$. We assume the initial data is of medium size in the critical Wiener algebra $\Delta h \in A(\mathbb{R}^d)$. This exponential PDE was derived in (Krug, Dobbs, and Majaniemi in 1995) and more recently

The optimal insulation of a heat conducting body by a thin film of variable thickness can be formulated as a nondifferentiable, nonlocal eigenvalue problem. The discretization and iterative solution for the reliable computation of corresponding eigenfunctions that determine the optimal layer thickness are addressed. Corresponding numerical experiments confirm the theoretical observation that a symmetry

We consider an obstacle problem for elastic curves with fixed ends. We attempt to extend the graph approach provided in [8]. More precisely, we investigate nonexistence of graph solutions for special obstacles and extend the class of admissible curves in a way that an existence result can be obtained by a penalization argument.

In this paper we develop a penalty method to approximate solutions of the free boundary problem for minimal surfaces. To this end we study the problem of finding minimizers of a functional Fλ which is defined as the sum of the Dirichlet integral and an appropriate penalty term weighted by a parameter λ. We prove existence of a solution for λ large enough as well as convergence to a solution of the

We consider elliptic variational inequalities generated by obstacle type problems with thin obstacles. For this class of problems, we deduce estimates of the distance (measured in terms of the natural energy norm) between the exact solution and any function that satisfies the boundary condition and is admissible with respect to the obstacle condition (i.e., it is valid for any approximation regardless

We show that local minimizers of the Canham-Helfrich energy are asymptotically stable with respect to a model for relaxational fluid vesicle dynamics that we already studied in previous papers ([12, 11]). The proof is based on a Lojasiewicz-Simon inequality.

We investigate a general, local version of the cane toads equation, which models the spread of a population structured by unbounded motility. We use the thin-front limit approach of Evans and Souganidis in [Indiana Univ. Math. J., 1989] to obtain a characterization of the propagation in terms of both the linearized equation and a geometric front equation. In particular, we reduce the task of understanding

Governing equations of motion for a viscous incompressible material surface are derived from the balance laws of continuum mechanics. The surface is treated as a time-dependent smooth orientable manifold of codimension one in an ambient Euclidian space. We use elementary tangential calculus to derive the governing equations in terms of exterior differential operators in Cartesian coordinates. The resulting

By using a suitable triple cover we show how to possibly model the construction of a minimal surface with positive genus spanning all six edges of a tetrahedron, working in the space of BV functions and interpreting the film as the boundary of a Caccioppoli set in the covering space. After a question raised by R. Hardt in the late 1980's, it seems common opinion that an area-minimizing surface of this

In this paper, we established the global existence of supersonic entropy solutions with a strong contact discontinuity over Lipschitz wall governed by the two-dimensional steady exothermically reacting Euler equations, when the total variation of both initial data and the slope of Lipschitz wall is sufficiently small. Local and global estimates are developed and a modified Glimm-type functional is

In this work we study a minimization problem with two-phases where in each phase region the problem is ruled by a quasi-linear elliptic operator of p−Laplacian type. The problem in its variational form is as follows: min v  ∫ Ω∩{v>0} ( 1 p |∇v|p +λ p +(x)+ f+(x)v ) dx+ ∫ Ω∩{v≤0} ( 1 q |∇v|q +λ q −(x)+ f−(x)v ) dx  . Here we minimize among all admissible functions v in an appropriate Sobolev

In the first part of this paper we show that a set $E$ has locally finite $s$-perimeter if and only if it can be approximated in an appropriate sense by smooth open sets. In the second part we prove some elementary properties of local and global $s$-minimal sets, such as existence and compactness. We also compare the two notions of minimizer (i.e. local and global), showing that in bounded open sets

In this paper, we are interested in shape optimization problems involving the ge ometry (normal, curvatures) of the surfaces. We consider a class of hypersurface s in $\mathbb{R}^{n}$ satisfying a uniform ball condition and we prove the exist ence of a $C^{1,1}$-regular minimizer for general geometric functionals and cons traints involving the first- and second-order properties of surfaces, such as

A family of singular limits of reaction-diffusion systems of activator-inhibitor type in which stable stationary sharp-interface patterns may form is investigated. For concreteness, the analysis is performed for the FitzHugh-Nagumo model on a suitably rescaled bounded domain in R , with N ≥ 2. It is proved that when the system is sufficiently close to the limit the dynamics starting from the appropriate

Abstract. We consider the quasi-static evolution of a prescribed cohesive interface: dissipative under loading and elastic under unloading. We provide existence in terms of parametrized BV evolutions, employing a discrete scheme based on local minimization, with respect to the Hnorm, of a regularized energy. Technically, the evolution is fully characterized by: equilibrium, energy balance and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker

Isothermal compressible two-phase flows with and without phase transition are modeled, employing Darcy's and/or Forchheimer's law for the velocity field. It is shown that the resulting systems are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that the available energy is a strict Lyapunov functional. In both cases, the equilibria are identified and their thermodynamical stability is investigated by means

This paper introduces an elliptic quasi-variational inequality (QVI) problem class with fractional diffusion of order $s \in (0,1)$, studies existence and uniqueness of solutions and develops a solution algorithm. As the fractional diffusion prohibits the use of standard tools to approximate the QVI, instead we realize it as a Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for a problem posed on a semi-infinite cylinder

In this article, we consider and analyse a small variant of a functional originally introduced in \cite{BLS,LS} to approximate the (geometric) planar Steiner problem. This functional depends on a small parameter $\varepsilon>0$ and resembles the (scalar) Ginzburg-Landau functional from phase transitions. In a first part, we prove existence and regularity of minimizers for this functional. Then we provide

In this article we are interested in studying partitions of the square, the disk and the equilateral triangle which minimize a p-norm of eigenvalues of the Dirichlet-Laplace operator. The extremal case of the infinity norm, where we minimize the largest fundamental eigenvalue of each cell, is one of our main interests. We propose three numerical algorithms which approximate the optimal configurations

We discuss the sharp interface limit of a diffuse interface model for a coupled Cahn-Hilliard--Darcy system that models tumor growth when a certain parameter $\varepsilon>0$, related to the interface thickness, tends to zero. In particular, we prove that weak solutions to the related initial boundary value problem tend to varifold solutions of a corresponding sharp interface model when $\varepsilon$

We consider a strongly coupled PDE-ODE system that describes the influence of a slow and large vehicle on road traffic. The model consists of a scalar conservation law describing the main traffic evolution and an ODE accounting for the trajectory of the slower vehicle that depends on the downstream traffic density. The moving constraint is operated by an inequality on the flux, which accounts for the

The existence, uniqueness, and asymptotic behavior of steady transonic flows past a curved wedge, involving transonic shocks, governed by the two-dimensional full Euler equations are established. The stability of both weak and strong transonic shocks under the perturbation of both the upstream supersonic flow and the wedge boundary is proved. The problem is formulated as a one-phase free boundary problem

We present the analysis of advection-diffusion equations with random coefficients on moving hypersurfaces. We define weak and strong material derivative, that take into account also the spacial movement. Then we define the solution space for these kind of equations, which is the Bochner-type space of random functions defined on moving domain. Under suitable regularity assumptions we prove the existence

The Helfrich functional, denoted by H^{c_0}, is a mathematical expression proposed by Helfrich (1973) for the natural free energy carried by an elastic phospholipid bilayer. Helfrich theorises that idealised elastic phospholipid bilayers minimise H^{c_0} among all possible configurations. The functional integrates a spontaneous curvature parameter c_0 together with the mean curvature of the bilayer

We study a minimum problem for a non-differentiable functional whose reaction term does not have scaling properties. Specifically we consider the functional (sic)(v) = integral(Omega) (vertical bar ...

We propose and analyze in this paper a new derivation of a phase-field model to approximate inhomogeneous multiphase perimeters. It is based on suitable decompositions of perimeters under some embeddability condition which allows not only an explicit derivation of the model from the surface tensions, but also gives rise to a Γ-convergence result. We propose a simple and robust scheme to simulate the

A time-discrete spatially-continuous electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) model with contact line pinning is considered as the state system in an optimal control framework. The pinning model is based on a complementarity condition. In addition to the physical variables describing velocity, pressure, and voltage, the solid-liquid-air interface, i.e., the contact line, arises as a geometric variable that