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Shear-wave velocity measurements and their uncertainties at six industrial sites Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Yaniv Darvasi
This study assesses the variability of shear-wave (VS) profile determinations for a suite of methods at six industrial sites. The methods include active, consisting of multi-channel analysis of surface waves (MASW), as well as passive, consisting of refraction microtremor (ReMi), and extended spatial autocorrelation (ESAC). The purpose is to ascertain the effect of the higher level of ambient noise
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Can geotechnical liquefaction indices serve as predictors of foundation settlement? Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-03-03 Zach Bullock; Shideh Dashti; Abbie B Liel; Keith A Porter
Geotechnical liquefaction indices, such as the liquefaction potential index, are commonly used as proxies for the risk of liquefaction-induced damage at site or regional scales. However, these indices were developed based on surficial manifestations of soil liquefaction in the free field, and, as such, they have been shown to correlate better with land damage than foundation damage. This study evaluates
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Exposure forecasting for seismic risk estimation: Application to Costa Rica Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-16 Alejandro Calderón; Vitor Silva
This study proposes a framework to forecast the spatial distribution of population and residential buildings for the assessment of future disaster risk. The approach accounts for the number, location, and characteristics of future assets considering sources of aleatory and epistemic uncertainty in several time-dependent variables. The value of the methodology is demonstrated at the urban scale using
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A ground motion based procedure to identify the earthquakes that are the most relevant for probabilistic seismic hazard analysis Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 John G Anderson; Fabrice Cotton; Dino Bindi
A method is proposed to identify within seismic catalogs those earthquakes that are most relevant to the seismic hazard. The approach contrasts with the classical approach to decluster the seismic catalog with the expectation that the remaining main shocks will be the relevant events for the seismic hazard analysis. We apply a time window like in the window declustering approach of Gardner and Knopoff
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Seismic performance of a retrofitted heritage unreinforced masonry building during the 2010/2011 Canterbury earthquakes Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-11 Aina Noor Misnon; Shannon Abeling; John Hare; Devina Shedde; Reza Jafarzadeh; Jason Ingham; Dmytro Dizhur
The Heritage Hotel (formerly Old Government Buildings) is one of the architectural heritage icons of Christchurch, New Zealand. Seismic retrofitting was undertaken on the structure in 1995 to achieve the earthquake loading provisions of the 1992 standard for design loadings (NZS 4203:1992). This building is a distinguished 1909 unreinforced masonry Italian High Renaissance palazzo building. The retrofit
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Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-10 José Wilches; Hernán Santa Maria; Roberto Leon; Rafael Riddell; Matías Hube; Carlos Arrate
Chile, as a country with a long history of strong seismicity, has a record of both a constant upgrading of its seismic design codes and structural systems, particularly for bridges, as a result of major earthquakes. Recent earthquakes in Chile have produced extensive damage to highway bridges, such as deck collapses, large transverse residual displacements, yielding and failure of shear keys, and unseating
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Data analytics to investigate the cohort of injection wells with earthquakes in Oklahoma Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 Amin Amirlatifi; Bijay KC; Meisam Adibifard; Farshid Vahedifard; Ehsan Ghazanfari
The number of recorded earthquakes in Oklahoma has substantially increased during the last few decades, a trend that coincides with the increases in the injected volume in underground injection control (UIC) wells. Several studies have suggested the existence of spatial and temporal links between earthquakes and injection wells. However, creating a spatial connection between the earthquakes and UIC
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Implementing the performance-based seismic design for new reinforced concrete structures: Comparison among ASCE/SEI 41, TBI, and LATBSDC Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-08 Siamak Sattar; Anne Hulsey; Garrett Hagen; Farzad Naeim; Steven McCabe
Performance-based seismic design (PBSD) has been recognized as a framework for designing new buildings in the United States in recent years. Various guidelines and standards have been developed to codify and document the implementation of PBSD, including “Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings” (ASCE 41-17), the Tall Buildings Initiative’s Guidelines for Performance-Based Seismic Design
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Scaling relations between seismic moment and rupture area of earthquakes in stable continental regions Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-07 Paul Somerville
This article describes the development of scaling relations between seismic moment and rupture area of earthquakes in stable continental regions (SCRs). The article reviews the relations developed by Somerville and compares them with relations developed by other investigators. It also compares the scaling relations of SCR earthquakes with those in tectonically active continental regions (TCRs). Three
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Practitioner-friendly design method to improve the seismic performance of RC frame buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-03 Orlando Arroyo; Abbie Liel; Sergio Gutiérrez
Reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings are a widely used structural system around the world. These buildings are customarily designed through standard code-based procedures, which are well-suited to the workflow of design offices. However, these procedures typically do not aim for or achieve seismic performance higher than code minimum objectives. This article proposes a practical design method that
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Deformation-dependent peak floor acceleration for the performance-based design of nonstructural elements attached to R/C structures Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Edmond V Muho; Chao Pian; Jiang Qian; Mahdi Shadabfar; Dimitri E Beskos
This study introduces a simple and efficient method to determine the peak floor acceleration (PFA) at different performance levels for three types of plane reinforced concrete (RC) structures: moment-resisting frames (MRFs), infilled–moment-resisting frames (I-MRFs), and wall-frame dual systems (WFDSs). By associating the structural maximum PFA response with the deformation response, the acceleration-sensitive
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An open-source site database of strong-motion stations in Japan: K-NET and KiK-net (v1.0.0) Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-02 Chuanbin Zhu; Graeme Weatherill; Fabrice Cotton; Marco Pilz; Dong Youp Kwak; Hiroshi Kawase
This article describes an open-source site database for a total number of 1742 earthquake recording sites in the K-NET (Kyoshin network) and KiK-net (Kiban Kyoshin network) networks in Japan. This database contains site characterization parameters directly derived from available velocity profiles, including average wave velocities, bedrock depths, and velocity contrast. Meanwhile, it also consists
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Time-dependent seismic hazard and risk due to wastewater injection in Oklahoma Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Iason Grigoratos; Paolo Bazzurro; Ellen Rathje; Alexandros Savvaidis
In the past decade, Oklahoma has experienced unprecedented seismicity rates, following an increase in the volumes of wastewater that are being disposed underground. In this article, we perform a probabilistic assessment of the time-dependent seismic hazard in Oklahoma and incorporate these results into an integrated seismic risk model to assess the evolution of the statewide economic losses, including
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The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Where, why, and how much probabilistic ground motion maps changed Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-28 Mark D Petersen; Allison M Shumway; Peter M Powers; Charles S Mueller; Morgan P Moschetti; Arthur D Frankel; Sanaz Rezaeian; Daniel E McNamara; Nicolas Luco; Oliver S Boyd; Kenneth S Rukstales; Kishor S Jaiswal; Eric M Thompson; Susan M Hoover; Brandon S Clayton; Edward H Field; Yuehua Zeng
The 2018 US Geological Survey National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) incorporates new data and updated science to improve the underlying earthquake and ground motion forecasts for the conterminous United States. The NSHM considers many new data and component input models: (1) new earthquakes between 2013 and 2017 and updated earthquake magnitudes for some earlier earthquakes; (2) two updated smoothed
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Study on normalization of residual displacements for single-degree-of-freedom systems Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Zhibin Feng; Jinxin Gong
Residual displacement spectrum is one of the most important means to predict the permanent deformation of structures after the earthquake, and various normalizations of residual displacements have generally been used for construction of the spectrum. However, the issue regarding the merits and drawbacks of each normalization has not yet been investigated thoroughly. A comparison between two normalizations
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Dataset from the shake table tests of a rocking podium structure Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Michalis F Vassiliou; Cihan Cengiz; Matt Dietz; Luiza Dihoru; Marco Broccardo; George Mylonakis; Anastasios Sextos; Bozidar Stojadinovic
Conventional validation of analytical and numerical models in Earthquake Engineering involves the comparison of numerically simulated response time histories to experimentally obtained benchmark responses to the same earthquake excitations. As the seismic design problem is inherently stochastic, an alternative, statistical, and easier-to-pass validation procedure has been suggested. As an example,
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Quantifying nuisance ground motion thresholds for induced earthquakes Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Ryan Schultz; Vince Quitoriano; David J Wald; Gregory C Beroza
Hazards from induced earthquakes are a growing concern with a need for effective management. One aspect of that concern is the “nuisance” from unexpected ground motions, which have the potential to cause public alarm and discontent. In this article, we borrow earthquake engineering concepts to quantify the chance of building damage states and adapt them to quantify felt thresholds for induced earthquakes
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Application of discrete wavelet transform in seismic nonlinear analysis of soil–structure interaction problems Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-25 Reza Kamgar; Reihaneh Tavakoli; Peyman Rahgozar; Robert Jankowski
Simulation of soil–structure interaction (SSI) effects is a time-consuming and costly process. However, ignoring the influence of SSI on structural response may lead to inaccurate results, especially in the case of seismic nonlinear analysis. In this article, wavelet transform methodology has been utilized for investigation of the seismic response of soil–structure systems. For this purpose, different
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Multi-hazard parametric catastrophe bond trigger design for subduction earthquakes and tsunamis Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-20 Katsuichiro Goda
This study presents trigger design methods and performance evaluations of multi-hazard parametric catastrophe bonds for mega-thrust subduction earthquakes and tsunamis. The catastrophe bonds serve as alternative disaster risk financing tools for insurers and reinsurers as well as municipalities and governments. Two types of parametric catastrophe bond trigger are investigated. A scenario-based method
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Optimization of frequency domain impedances for time-domain response analyses of building structures with rigid shallow foundations Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-19 Danilo S Kusanovic; Elnaz Seylabi; Domniki Asimaki
The effects of dynamic soil–structure interaction (SSI) have been extensively studied in the last few decades, and proper analysis for the linear elastic case in frequency domain has been established successfully. However, SSI is rarely considered in the design of building structures, and instead, buildings are frequently analyzed using a rigid base assumption and quasi-static loading conditions that
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Centrifuge testing of soil–structure interaction effects on cyclic failure potential of fine-grained soil Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Jason M Buenker; Scott J Brandenberg; Jonathan P Stewart
We describe two experiments performed on a 9-m-radius geotechnical centrifuge to evaluate dynamic soil–structure interaction effects on the cyclic failure potential of fine-grained soil. Each experiment incorporated three different structures with a range of mass and stiffness properties. Structures were founded on strip footings embedded in a thin layer of sand overlying lightly overconsolidated low-plasticity
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An H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models to account for spatial variability in ground response analyses Part II: Application to 1D analyses at two downhole array sites Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Mohamad M Hallal; Brady R Cox
Common procedures used to account for spatial variability of shear wave velocity (Vs) in one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs), such as stochastic randomization of Vs or increasing small-strain damping, have been shown to improve seismic site response predictions relative to 1D GRAs where no attempts are made to account for spatial variability. However, even after attempting to account
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An H/V geostatistical approach for building pseudo-3D Vs models to account for spatial variability in ground response analyses Part I: Model development Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-18 Mohamad M Hallal; Brady R Cox
Many recent studies have shown that we are generally unable to accurately replicate recorded ground motions at most borehole array sites using available subsurface geotechnical information and one-dimensional (1D) ground response analyses (GRAs). When 1D GRAs fail to accurately predict recorded site response, the site is often considered too complex to be effectively modeled as 1D. While three-dimensional
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Simulation-based site amplification model for shallow bedrock sites in Korea Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-15 Muhammad Aaqib; Duhee Park; Muhammad Bilal Adeel; Youssef M A Hashash; Okan Ilhan
A new simulation-based site amplification model for shallow sites with thickness less than 30 m in Korea is developed. The site amplification model consists of linear and nonlinear components that are developed from one-dimensional linear and nonlinear site response analyses. A suite of measured shear wave velocity profiles is used to develop corresponding randomized profiles. A VS30 scaled linear
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Rocking response of liquid-filled cylindrical tanks Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-11 Faizan Ul Haq Mir; Ching-Ching Yu; Andrew S. Whittaker
The hydrodynamic response of liquid-filled storage tanks subjected to translational earthquake shaking has been the focus of studies for more than 75 years. In service, tanks experience six components of seismic input, with rocking due to support flexibility and/or rotational components of ground motion. Published theory for predicting hydrodynamic responses in rigid cylindrical tanks due to rotational
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Improvement of the polyurethane spring isolation device for HV post insulators and its evaluation by fragility curves Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Tansu Gökçe; Engin Orakdöğen; Ercan Yüksel
A novel seismic base isolation system has been developed for high-voltage (HV) porcelain post insulators. The seismic isolation device consists of two steel plates, four polyurethane springs, and a steel rod, which are low-cost components compared to the post insulators. Two alternative designs of the device are experimentally and numerically assessed in this article. A simple and robust numerical
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The effect of soil nonlinearity on high-frequency spectral decay and implications for site response analysis Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-08 Boqin Xu; Ellen M Rathje
This study uses recorded ground motions at soil sites over a range of shaking intensities to investigate the effects of soil nonlinearity on the high-frequency spectral decay, as quantified by the parameter κ. Equivalent-linear site response analyses indicate that κ should increase significantly with increasing shear strain and ground motion intensity due to increases in soil damping. However, using
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A frequency-dependent ground-motion spatial correlation model of within-event residuals for Fourier amplitude spectra Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-07 Nan Wang; Kim B Olsen; Steven M Day
Ground motion time series recorded at stations separated by up to about 50 km show a frequency-dependent spatial coherency structure, and the corresponding ground motion intensity measures are found to be correlated. As omitting this correlation can result in underestimation of seismic losses in risk analysis, it is critical to quantify the spatial correlation structure for ground motion Fourier spectra
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On the feasibility of IoT-based smart meters for earthquake early warning Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 Alireza Taale; Carlos E Ventura; Jose Marti
The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) accelerometer built into a smart meter (SM) has a nominal digital resolution of 16 bits. However, this resolution collapses to 7 bits of information per sample when used in an urban environment. This collapse in resolution limits the sensitivity required to effectively operate the earthquake early warning platform (EEWP). In this study, we evaluate the performance
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A subset of CyberShake ground-motion time series for response-history analysis Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-05 Jack W Baker; Sanaz Rezaeian; Christine A Goulet; Nicolas Luco; Ganyu Teng
This manuscript describes a subset of CyberShake numerically simulated ground motions that were selected and vetted for use in engineering response-history analyses. Ground motions were selected that have seismological properties and response spectra representative of conditions in the Los Angeles area, based on disaggregation of seismic hazard. Ground motions were selected from millions of available
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Prediction equation for the fundamental vibration period of concrete gravity dams with impounded water Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Alper Aldemir, M.EERI
The design of dam structures requires advanced analysis techniques due to the dam body’s complicated interaction with its surroundings. Consequently, most of the time, it is a must to perform response history analysis during the design and assessment of dam structures. The target fundamental vibration period is necessary to generate ground motion histories compatible with the site-specific response
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Intensity and damage statistics of the September 19, 2017 Mexico earthquake: Influence of soft story and corner asymmetry on the damage reported during the earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2021-01-02 Eduardo Reinoso, M.EERI; Pablo Quinde, M.EERI; Luis Buendía; Salvador Ramos
A destructive intraslab earthquake occurred in Mexico City on September 19, 2017 (Mw 7.1), causing significant damage and hundreds of human losses not only in the epicentral area, but also in the States of Morelos, Puebla, Mexico and in Mexico City. Only in Mexico City itself, around 230 people died, and more than 40 buildings collapsed. The intensities recorded in some lakebed areas of the city, especially
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Ground motion prediction equations for significant duration using the KiK-net database Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 Mahdi Bahrampouri; Adrian Rodriguez-Marek; Russell A Green
Significant duration of strong shaking quantifies the length of time during which strong earthquake-induced shaking occurs at a given site. Significant duration has multiple applications in Geotechnical and Structural Engineering. However, while multiple ground motion prediction (GMPE) equations for duration exist for shallow crustal tectonic environments, at the time of this publication, there are
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Quantitative assessment of seismic design provisions for buildings with torsional irregularities Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-21 D Jared DeBock; Michael Valley; Conrad (Sandy) Hohener
ASCE/SEI 7 design requirements for seismic-induced torsion in buildings are evaluated to determine their effectiveness for resisting seismic-induced collapse of torsionally irregular buildings. The ASCE/SEI 7-16 provisions are found to be generally conservative for most torsionally irregular building configurations—exceptions are some buildings that rely heavily on lines of lateral resistance orthogonal
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EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers, part II: Regional simulations of building response Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-19 David McCallen; Floriana Petrone; Mamun Miah; Arben Pitarka; Arthur Rodgers; Norman Abrahamson
The existing observational database of the regional-scale distribution of strong ground motions and measured building response for major earthquakes continues to be quite sparse. As a result, details of the regional variability and spatial distribution of ground motions, and the corresponding distribution of risk to buildings and other infrastructure, are not comprehensively understood. Utilizing high-performance
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Evaluation of floor acceleration demands from the 2017 Mexico City code seismic provisions using a continuous elastic model and records of instrumented buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Miguel A Jaimes; Adrián D García-Soto
This study presents an evaluation of floor acceleration demands for the design of rigid and flexible acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components in buildings, calculated using the most recent Mexico City seismic design provisions, released in 2017. This evaluation includes two approaches: (1) a simplified continuous elastic model and (2) using recordings from 10 instrumented buildings located in
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Tunnel performance during the Puebla-Mexico 19 September 2017 earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Juan M Mayoral; Gilberto Mosqueda; Daniel De La Rosa; Mauricio Alcaraz
Seismic performance of tunnels during earthquakes in densely populated areas requires assessing complex interactions with existing infrastructure such as bridges, urban overpasses, and metro stations, including low- to medium-rise buildings. This article presents the numerical study of an instrumented tunnel, currently under construction on stiff soils, located in the western part of Mexico City, during
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ATC Mw7.1 Puebla-Morelos earthquake reconnaissance observations: Structural observations and instrumentation Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-15 Yun Jennifer Lan; Andreas Stavridis; Insung Kim; Guillermo Diaz-Fanas; Jon Heintz; Laura Hernández-Bassal; Esteban Anzola; Russell Berkowitz; Saif Hussain; Afshar Jalalian; Evangelia Garini; Olga-Joan Ktenidou; Seyedsina Yousefianmoghadam; Homero Carrion; Rodolfo Valles-Mattox; Virgilio Dominguez Maldonado; Andres Gama Contreras; Sergio R Almanza Camacho; René F Bojórquez Hernández; Victor A Ruiz Medina;
After the 2017 Puebla-Morelos earthquake, the Applied Technology Council (ATC) funded a mission to Mexico City to collect structural, geotechnical, seismological, and damage information on concrete structures. The collected data set includes 70 reinforced concrete buildings and contains photos, design drawings, ground motion records, ambient vibration data, and reconnaissance observations, where available
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The 2018 update of the US National Seismic Hazard Model: Additional period and site class data Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Allison M Shumway; Mark D Petersen; Peter M Powers; Sanaz Rezaeian; Kenneth S Rukstales; Brandon S Clayton
As part of the update of the 2018 National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for the conterminous United States (CONUS), new ground motion and site effect models for the central and eastern United States were incorporated, as well as basin depths from local seismic velocity models in four western US (WUS) urban areas. These additions allow us, for the first time, to calculate probabilistic seismic hazard
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Seismic collapse performance of steel special moment frames designed using different analysis methods Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-07 Taeo Kim; Sang Whan Han
Building structures designed according to current seismic design codes should satisfy the seismic performance objectives specified in codes during big earthquake events. ASCE 7-16 specifies that risk category I and II structures should have a probability of collapse less than 10% against the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) shaking hazard. ASCE 7-16 provides four analysis methods to calculate the
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Modeling housing recovery after the 2018 Lombok earthquakes using a stochastic queuing model Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 Irene Alisjahbana; Anne Kiremidjian
Post-earthquake housing recovery monitoring is necessary, especially since the housing sector usually represents 50 percent of the total monetary disaster loss. However, very scarce recovery data, in addition to the complexities of the recovery process, make modeling housing recovery very difficult. Time-based stochastic models, which are commonly used in well-known frameworks such as the U.S. Federal
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EQSIM—A multidisciplinary framework for fault-to-structure earthquake simulations on exascale computers part I: Computational models and workflow Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-12-03 David McCallen; Anders Petersson; Arthur Rodgers; Arben Pitarka; Mamun Miah; Floriana Petrone; Bjorn Sjogreen; Norman Abrahamson; Houjun Tang
Computational simulations have become central to the seismic analysis and design of major infrastructure over the past several decades. Most major structures are now “proof tested” virtually through representative simulations of earthquake-induced response. More recently, with the advancement of high-performance computing (HPC) platforms and the associated massively parallel computational ecosystems
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The SAFER geodatabase for the Kathmandu valley: Bayesian kriging for data-scarce regions Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-26 Raffaele De Risi; Flavia De Luca; Charlotte EL Gilder; Rama Mohan Pokhrel; Paul J Vardanega
Geostatistical methods are valuable to better understand the spatial distribution of geotechnical parameters at regional scale and to optimize the locations of future ground investigations. This article investigates the use of the kriging interpolation method to extend the knowledge of a specific geotechnical property from a few sites to a broader geographical area with a focus on the Kathmandu valley
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Merging data and experts’ knowledge-based weights for ranking GMPEs Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-25 Azad Yazdani; Mohammad-Sadegh Shahidzadeh; Tsuyoshi Takada
In this article, Bayes factors (BFs) are used for selecting and weighting the ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs). BFs are defined as the posterior probability of a model being the best model describing data. The Bayesian framework allows for merging information gathered from available seismic data and the experts’ opinion thus allowing for a bridge between data-driven and non-data-driven methods
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A database of seismic designs, nonlinear models, and seismic responses for steel moment-resisting frame buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-24 Xingquan Guan M.EERI; Henry Burton M.EERI; Mehrdad Shokrabadi
A number of simplified methodologies have been developed and used to estimate seismic drift demands in buildings. However, none of them have been systematically tested against a large number of buildings subjected to a diverse set of ground motions. This is partly attributed to the lack of existing databases of building designs, nonlinear structural models, and simulated seismic responses. This article
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Seismic performance improvement of ±800 kV UHV DC wall busing using friction ring spring dampers Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-22 Qiang Xie; Huangbin Liang; Xiaoyou Wang
Wall bushings that connect converter valves within hall buildings and other electric facilities in a direct current (DC) field are indispensable in substations but vulnerable to earthquakes. A finite element model was developed to evaluate the seismic performance of a real ultra-high-voltage (UHV) DC wall bushing. The numerical results show that the maximum stress of the wall bushing during seismic
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Monitoring of a rehabilitated building in soft soil in Mexico and structural response to September 2017 earthquakes: Part 2: Numerical simulation Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 David Murià-Vila; Oriol Arnau Delgado; Guillermo G Aguilar Silva; Damaris Arias Lara; Karen Pérez-Liévana
This article deals with the proper numerical simulation of the response presented by an instrumented damaged-retrofitted building using a low computational cost linear-elastic model, using effective stiffness for its reinforced concrete structural members. The purpose is to identify the most appropriate criteria and considerations and to validate them against the actual behavior of the building registered
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Response spectral matching of horizontal ground motion components to an orientation-independent spectrum (RotDnn) Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Luis A Montejo
This article presents a methodology to spectrally match two horizontal ground motion components to an orientation-independent target spectrum (RotDnn). The algorithm is based on the continuous wavelet transform decomposition and iterative manipulation of the two horizontal components of a seed record. The numerical examples presented follow current ASCE/SEI 7 specifications and therefore maximum-direction
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An efficient algorithm to simulate hazard-targeted site-based synthetic ground motions Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Jawad Fayaz; Sarah Azar; Mayssa Dabaghi; Farzin Zareian
This study presents an efficient algorithm that can be used to simulate ground motion waveforms using the site-based approach developed by Dabaghi and Der Kiureghian, and Rezaeian and Der Kiureghian that not only correspond to a specified seismic scenario (e.g. magnitude, distance, site conditions) but are also certain to achieve a target ground motion intensity measure within a narrow range. The suggested
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Capturing epistemic uncertainty in site response Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Adrian Rodriguez-Marek; Julian J Bommer; Robert R Youngs; Maria J Crespo; Peter J Stafford; Mahdi Bahrampouri
The incorporation of local amplification factors (AFs) determined through site response analyses has become standard practice in site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). Another indispensable feature of the current state of practice in site-specific PSHA is the identification and quantification of all epistemic uncertainties that influence the final hazard estimates. Consequently
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The quest for resilience: The Chilean practice of seismic design for reinforced concrete buildings Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 René Lagos; Mario Lafontaine; Patricio Bonelli; Rubén Boroschek; Tomas Guendelman; Leonardo M Massone; Rodolfo Saragoni; Fabián Rojas; Fernando Yañez
The satisfactory structural behavior observed during large earthquakes and the high seismicity of the country has conditioned the Chilean society to expect immediate occupancy performance level for their buildings under these extreme events, although the seismic design code in Chile mandates only a scope of life safety performance level. Based on observational and statistical evidence from recent strong
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The interpretation of cumulative damage from the building response observed in Mexico City during the 19 September 2017 earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-19 Mario E Rodriguez
This work evaluates the damage to and collapse of a set of buildings in the September 2017 earthquake in Mexico City; these buildings were also subjected to the September 1985 Mexico City earthquake. These buildings were located in the area of the highest rate of damage or collapse in 1985, but buildings exhibiting significant damage or collapse in 2017 did not possess any retrofitting. The spectral
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ATC Mw7.1 Puebla–Morelos earthquake reconnaissance observations: Seismological, geotechnical, ground motions, site effects, and GIS mapping Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-11-11 Guillermo Diaz-Fanas; Evangelia Garini; Olga-Joan Ktenidou; George Gazetas; Themis Vaxevanis; Yun Jennifer Lan; Jon Heintz; Xin Ma; Evangelia Korre; Rodolfo Valles-Mattox; Andreas Stavridis; Insung Kim; Laura Hernandez-Bassal; Esteban Anzola; Russell Berkowitz; Saif Hussain; Afshar Jalalian; Homero Carrion; Virgilio Dominguez Maldonado; Andres Gama Contreras; Sergio R Almanza Camacho; Rene F Bojorquez
This article presents the Applied Technology Council (ATC) team’s observations following the 2017 Mw7.1 Puebla–Morelos, Mexico earthquake. The team was deployed in Mexico City to collect seismological, geotechnical, structural, and overall performance information. The focus was on non-ductile concrete structures, to support implementation of recently published FEMA P-2018 procedures and to identify
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Challenges and opportunities in New Zealand seismic hazard and risk modeling using OpenQuake Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-10-18 Elizabeth Abbott; Nick Horspool; Matt Gerstenberger; Rand Huso; Chris Van Houtte; Graeme McVerry; Silvia Canessa
The corrected 2010 New Zealand National Seismic Hazard Model has been adapted for use in the Global Earthquake Model’s OpenQuake engine through an extensive benchmarking exercise with GNS Science’s legacy Fortran code. Resolution of differences between the legacy code and OpenQuake result in hazard curve output comparisons with discrepancies of less than 3% nationally and remaining discrepancies highlight
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Corrigendum Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-10-08
Corrigendum to Ground Motion Prediction Equations for Arias Intensity Using the Kik-Net Database. Earthquake Spectra. Epub ahead of print 29 July 2020. DOI: 10.1177/8755293020938815
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Structural monitoring of a curve portion of an elevated railroad including the effects of the 19 September 2017 earthquake Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 David Murià-Vila; Baruo Daniel Aldama-Sánchez; Miguel Ángel García-Illescas; Abraham Roberto Sánchez-Ramírez; Santiago Loera
This article presents the most significant structural response parameters of a railway system analyzed with data gathered during 5 years. The structure is the instrumented curved portion of an elevated railroad that consists of a simply supported beam resting on cantilever columns on soft soil. A monitoring system was implemented to determine, within a few minutes, a preliminary structural state analyzing
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Modeling spatial cross-correlation of multiple ground motion intensity measures (SAs, PGA, PGV, Ia, CAV, and significant durations) based on principal component and geostatistical analyses Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-09-29 Wenqi Du; Chao-Lie Ning
Ground motion intensity measures (IMs) were observed to be spatially correlated during past earthquakes. In this article, a new spatial cross-correlation model for a vector-IM, which consists of spectral acceleration (SA) ordinates at 17 periods and six non-SA IMs (e.g. peak ground velocity, Arias intensity, cumulative absolute velocity, and significant durations), is proposed using principal component
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Expanded Byrne model for evaluating seismic compression Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Yusheng Jiang; Russell A Green; Oliver-Denzil Taylor
Seismic compression is the accrual of contractive volumetric strain in unsaturated or partially saturated sandy soils during earthquake shaking and has caused significant distress to overlying and nearby structures. The phenomenon can be well characterized by load-dependent, interaction macro-level fatigue theories. Toward this end, the Byrne cyclic shear-volumetric strain coupling model is expanded
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Probabilistic seismic risk assessment of India Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 Anirudh Rao; Debashish Dutta; Pratim Kalita; Nick Ackerley; Vitor Silva; Meera Raghunandan; Jayadipta Ghosh; Siddhartha Ghosh; Svetlana Brzev; Kaustubh Dasgupta
This study presents a comprehensive open probabilistic seismic risk model for India. The proposed model comprises a nationwide residential and non-residential building exposure model, a selection of analytical seismic vulnerability functions tailored for Indian building classes, and the open implementation of an existing probabilistic seismic hazard model for India. The vulnerability of the building
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Exploring probabilistic seismic risk assessment accounting for seismicity clustering and damage accumulation: Part I. Hazard analysis Earthq. Spectra (IF 1.93) Pub Date : 2020-09-23 Athanasios N Papadopoulos; Paolo Bazzurro; Warner Marzocchi
Probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA), as a tool to assess the probability that ground motion of a given intensity or larger is experienced at a given site and time span, has historically comprised the basis of both building design codes in earthquake-prone regions and seismic risk models. The PSHA traditionally refers solely to mainshock events and typically employs a homogeneous Poisson process
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