Damage prediction of existing buildings against natural events is a challenge for engineers. Although several approaches have been proposed in the bibliography for damage assessment of steel and concrete structures, more studies are required to survey the damage state of masonry buildings. In this research, seismic damage of a historical masonry building, named Arge-Tabriz, has been assessed using

The primary purpose of the current study is to develop the constitutive relations for an isotropic fissured porous solid and an anisotropic fiber-reinforced material in the context of Eringen's nonlocal elasticity theory and to execute the investigation regarding the dynamic response of a layered composite system caused by a load moving on the upper rough surface with parabolic irregularity. The composite

Despite recent advancements in predicting the response of shallow strip foundations during earthquake-induced liquefaction, significant modelling–related uncertainties remain, which are the focus of this paper. The problem is analysed through coupled hydromechanical analyses, employing an advanced constitutive model. The model is calibrated based only on the initial void ratio, and then validated against

Offshore pipelines often cross large areas with geomorphological, geological, and tectonic conditions that may pose a variety of geohazards, one of which is the co-seismic slippage of active tectonic faults. Ground movement induced by fault slippage imposes substantial straining on the pipelines, threatening their integrity. This paper presents the results of a series of large-deformation parametric

In this study, cyclic triaxial tests and centrifuge tests using silty sands were simulated in OpenSees to investigate the effect of fines on the liquefaction potential of saturated silty sands. Choice of proper density index was found to be extremely important for characterizing the liquefaction potential of silty sand, as different conclusions can be derived if we use different density indices for

Since earthquakes would pose a serious threat to the safety of underground railway tunnels and subway trains, the seismic analysis of the subway tunnel and the metro train is essential for earthquake-resistant design and construction. This presented study aims to investigate the transient response of a train-tunnel-soil coupled system under various load conditions, and assess running safety of the

In this paper, a number of spectral and ordinary ground motion intensity measures (IMs) are tested for use in structural performance assessment. Real strong motion values recorded at the top and the bottom of US, Japanese and Romanian buildings are analyzed in order to identify the source of uncertainties in the prediction of engineering demand parameters (i.e. structural drift) for given IMs (i.e

Parametric study was performed on the seismic stability of pile-anchor slope reinforcement structures for earth retaining wall with different structural parameters. Dynamic finite element analysis and the Newmark permanent displacement method were combined to derive the dynamic time-history response of the pile-anchor structure and evaluate slope seismic stability. The effects of pile embedment, pile

In this paper, the method of combining indirect boundary element method (IBEM) with the region-matching technique is used to solve the seismic responses of a three-dimensional (3D) hill in a layered half-space subjected to spherical P, SV, and SH waves. The direct stiffness method and Hankel transform method are used to solve the free field of spherical wave source field, and the scattering field is

Simulated ground motion records have recently become major alternatives to real records. In this study, differences between simulated and real record sets are evaluated in terms of alternative ground motion intensity measures. As case studies, two regions in Turkey (Erzincan and Duzce) are considered. A large set of simulated records involving a wide range of magnitudes, source-to-site distances, and

Due to the great human and social impacts of natural hazards, the concept of community resilience has gained unprecedented attention across multiple disciplines in the last decade. While most studies focused on the assessment and quantification of community resilience, there is a lack of research on how to incorporate the probabilistic seismic performance, which is obtained from performance-based earthquake

In this study, the seismic behavior of a shield tunnel with an ultra-large diameter of 15 m passing through a soft-hard stratum was investigated, using a series of 1/30 scaled shaking table model tests and numerical simulations. A modified similitude-ratio design method was proposed, with the soil–structure relative stiffness as the main control factor. The model tunnel was made of a plexiglass tube

In the current study, the methodology for construction of reinforced soil in mountainous terrain, where there is a geometry limitation for the reinforced zone, is evaluated. Shaking table tests were carried out on physical models with 0.8m-high polymeric-strip reinforced-soil walls (PSWs) on rock slope subjected to variable-amplitude harmonic excitations. The influence of the presence of backfill between

Breakwaters protect ports from high waves and hydraulic related phenomena. However, their seismic performance is of paramount importance in earthquake-prone areas. This study examined the seismic behavior and deformation of rockfill breakwaters with the use of shaking table modeling. As a part of performance base design, the scaled model tests were performed based on breakwaters of South Pars Petrochemical

Seismic fragility analysis, which quantitatively describes the dynamic relationship between earthquake intensity and structural failure probability, plays an important role in the overall seismic risk assessment. An appropriate structural demand model can significantly improve the efficiency of seismic fragility analysis, and currently the most commonly used model is the lognormal model. However, recent

This study was aimed at highlighting the effect of loading frequency on the sand liquefaction response by performing cyclic triaxial tests in both stress-controlled and strain-controlled modes. For the first case, dense (IDmat = 0.70) and medium-dense (IDmat = 0.55) sand specimens were subjected to alternative and non-alternative axial stresses; whilst dense (IDmat = 0.70) sand specimens were subjected

The VS30 of 89 stations in Republic of Korea are predicted using semi-empirical relationship between natural frequency (fp) selected from horizontal-to-vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) and time averaged shear wave velocity down to 30 m depth (VS30). The installation of seismic stations has been accelerated in Republic of Korea after two damaging earthquakes at 2016–2017, but the majority of stations

The seismic behavior of a slope site has a critical impact on its stability and the seismic response of structures located on or near the slope. In this paper, a hybrid boundary method(HBM) is proposed for the site response analysis of slopes. Viscous and viscous-spring boundaries are applied in the HBM and equivalent loads are calculated separately on the bottom and the lateral boundary. A horizontally

Organic matter–disseminated sand (OMDS) is a problematic soil widely distributed in Hainan Province, China. OMDS is usually stabilized using cementitious materials to improve its bearing capacity. However, there is a lack of understanding of the dynamic characteristics of cement-stabilized OMDS. In this study, a series of unconsolidated undrained stress-controlled cyclic triaxial shear tests were conducted

Time-history deformation analyses of upstream-raised tailings dams use seismic records as input data. Such records must be representative of the in-situ seismicity in terms of a wide range of intensity measures (IMs) including peak ground acceleration (PGA), Arias intensity (AI), cumulative absolute velocity (CAV), source-to-site distance and duration, among others. No single IM is a sufficient descriptor

This study presents a large-scale shaking table investigation aimed at the development of a dual, low-cost hybrid design approach for the reduction of seismic damage in developing countries. The introduction of a novel seismic isolation strategy, defined as ‘PVC sand-wich’ seismic isolation lies in the core of the proposed hybrid approach. The latter relates to conventional, ‘good practice’ design

The integrity of rigid pipes is significantly affected by differential ground settlements, which can inevitably induce excessive stress in the pipeline and even cause structural failure. The mechanical responses of bell-spigot jointed rigid pipes, e.g., joint shearing and barrel bending, can change remarkably, when the shear band induced by normal fault offsets passes the pipeline through a pipe joint

This paper proposes a novel ductile linked rocking steel frame (DLRF) that relying on gravity load and rocking column base components rather than post-tensioning elements to provide the self-centering capacity. In the DLRF, rocking steel braced frames remain elastic by being permitted to uplift and rock at the rocking column bases, coupled with ductile links that act as structural fuses to dissipate

Buckling instability of slender piles may occur based on the effect of excessive axial loads acting on a pile with diminishing effective stress and shear strength owing to surrounding soil liquefaction. However, several guidelines for pile design often provide insufficient consideration of buckling failure, and it is significant to study the buckling failure of piles in liquefiable sites for the design

Source location is the key step of microseismic monitoring. The monitored microseismic signals are often mixed with unrecognized blasting interference signals, which affect the results of microseismic monitoring and location. Therefore, it is very important to extract the characteristic parameter information to identify the microseismic signal and blasting signal. The rupture processes during micro-earthquakes

Structural eccentricity plays an important role in the seismic design of buildings. According to various seismic design codes, it is one of the parameters which define whether a building may be considered as regular in plan. Structural eccentricity is defined as the distance between the center of mass and the center of rigidity. However, the center of rigidity is rigorously defined in single story

In practical engineering, the sand deposits or fills usually contains fine particles and their stress condition is generally anisotropic. This paper reports on an experimental study on the cyclic flow and liquefaction behavior of anisotropically consolidated sand with a small amount of fines. The results indicate that anisotropic consolidation can either reduce or enhance the soil's resistance to cyclic

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) has played an important role in shear wave velocity survey of subsurface. Modern urban engineering construction needs more and more high-resolution detection of shallow underground objects. However, the traditional MASW method will reduce the detection depth when the receiving array length is reduced to improve lateral resolution. We propose a modified

The wave function expansion method is used to propose a semi-analytical solution for the scattering of plane SH waves by a canyon group containing an arbitrary number of semicircular canyons (including an infinite number of periodically distributed ones). The frequency-domain solution is verified by comparing with two past solutions for a single canyon and two canyons, respectively. A systematic parametrical

Although most analytical research on soil-structure interaction (SSI) has assumed a rigid building foundation, numerical and experimental studies have shown that the dynamic response of a structure supported on flexible foundation will differ significantly from the same response on a rigid foundation. The analytical solutions have provided physical insights into the nature of the SSI problems and offered

To improve seismic performance of double-deck frame bridge system, a novel precast double-deck rocking frame bridge pier system is developed based on ductile and rocking seismic conception design in this paper. In this novel system, the upper columns are allowed to rock between the precast cap beams to form the rocking story, while the lower columns are connected to precast cap beam and footings by

Engineered cementitious composite (ECC) material, which is characterized by satisfactory resilience, moderate energy dissipation capacity as well as superhigh compressive and tensile strengths, has been widely applied to civil infrastructures (e.g., bridges, buildings, and coastal structures). To identify sensitive parameters, enhance resilience, and reduce cost of the ECC-reinforced structures effectively

With the development of urbanization, underground structures unavoidably come within the vicinity of ground surface structures, and interaction between ground structure, soil, and underground structure interaction can significantly affect the seismic response of underground structures. Three-dimensional high-fidelity numerical dynamic analysis is conducted to investigate underground structures' seismic

Curved Surface Slider (CSS) devices have been widely used in recent years for the reduction of seismic vulnerability of structural systems. Recent risk assessment studies have revealed that base isolated systems can be characterized by higher seismic risk with respect to their fixed-base counterparts. It is believed that this unexpected outcome is, partly, due to the definition of collapse condition

The blasting vibration load can pose great threats to the safety of urban buried pipelines. Winkler model is commonly used to simulate the soil-pipe interaction and calculate the response of the stiff pipe, but the effectiveness of the resulting for the flexible pipe is doubtable. In this study, a theoretical method based on the Winkler model and the Timoshenko beam theory is presented to calculate

Presented is an application of wave potential formulation (WPF) together with domain reduction method (DRM) to modeling earthquake soil structure interaction (ESSI) behavior in horizontally layered ground under inclined incident seismic waves. Wave potential formulation is used to develop a spatially varying, inclined seismic wave field from incident Primary (P) and Secondary (S) waves that propagate

Rock slope stability is a key research issue in geotechnical engineering. Weak layer is a distinct feature distinguishing the rock slopes from soil types, and its existence considerably controls the slope stability. Taking in to account the differences in mineral composition, sedimentary conditions, stress history and other geological processes, the physical and mechanical parameters of rock mass generally

The security and stability of soil structures is seriously affected by earthquake-induced liquefaction, and many earth embankments located in seismically active areas failed to meet the new seismic design code criteria, introduced following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake. This paper proposes an appropriate in-situ countermeasure, and the seismic performance of the liquefaction

An algorithm for the identification of the strongest velocity pulse is proposed based on wavelet analysis, which considers three orthogonal components of the ground motion. According to the NGA-West2 database, 6288 strong motion records were analyzed, and further, the classification results were compared with those obtained from the existing identification method of Shahi and Baker (2014) [1]. Among

Vibroflotation is one type of ground improvement technique used for liquefaction mitigation in saturated sand. In order to study the feasibility of vibroflotation for liquefaction mitigation, two numerical models were created in the finite element framework. A nonlinear, coupled, hypoplastic u-p formulation was developed to simulate the behaviour of saturated sand. Numerical results were validated

The historical development and practical implementation of structural base isolation systems that work on the principle of friction are discussed in the light of analytical, numerical, and experimental studies carried out by researchers. Various parameters such as sliding velocity, surface temperature, axial pressure, vertical excitation along with near-field and far-field excitations that influence

For a train moving along a curved path, centrifugal forces are induced in addition to gravitational loads. In this paper, the 2.5D approach for loads moving along a straight path is extended to treating both the vertical and horizontal loads moving along a curved path. Firstly, closed-form solutions for the problem are derived for the cases of vertical and horizontal loads. Then, the 2.5D approach

More offshore structures such as sea-crossing bridges, undersea tunnels, and subsea pipelines are being constructed than ever. Owing to the lack of offshore strong motion records, onshore ground motions are used to assess the seismic behaviors of offshore structures, but onshore and offshore ground motions are significantly different from each other. In this study, the statistical characteristics of

This study investigates the various effects of Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) on the seismic behavior of steel frames with Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) lateral resisting systems. Nine steel frames with various aspect ratios are studied under multiple seismic hazard levels. The SPSWs are modeled based on the strip model concept, and the Soil-Structure Systems are simulated using the substructure

Theoretical and experimental studies are carried out to investigate the characteristics of P-wave and S-wave propagation in soils with different degrees of saturation, which is quantified using Skempton's B-value. Based on the assumption of homogeneous pore fluid and Biot's theory, the characteristics of elastic wave propagation in nearly saturated soils are obtained and the effects of confining pressure

Characterization of structural collapse is one of the key components of performance based earthquake engineering (PBEE) design. Usually, in seismic codes, the point of dynamic structural collapse due to earthquakes is based on parameters approaching subjective threshold values. Instead, energy-based formulations have raised as a more physical and robust approach in understanding the balance between

We carried out a shaking table test on a slope model reinforced by multi-anchor piles. By analyzing the characteristics of acceleration in time domain, we obtained the spatial position variation characteristics of acceleration particles represented by peak acceleration ratio (Ra) and motion duration (Bdu). Based on Fourier variation and statistical probability scatter matrix, we proposed the damage

A self-centring-beam (SCB) is a new structural member with a capacity for recentring and deformation compatibility for moment-frames (MFs). This paper examines the lateral drift responses of SCB-MFs when subjected to the far-field (FF) record set, near-field pulse (NF) record set, and near-field no pulse (NP) record set. A series of 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-storey SCB-MFs were modelled and analysed using

The present study proposes a closed-form solution of flexible combined pile-raft foundation (CPRF) resting on an elastic medium under dynamic loading. Two components of the foundation system, i.e. pile and raft are idealized as beam and plate, respectively, resting on an elastic two-parameter Pasternak soil medium. The governing differential equations of these components under horizontal harmonic loading

The problem of implied margin of safety in seismic design codes is examined — with particular reference to the Indian standard IS-1893. A framework for estimation of available margin of safety for earthquake resistant design is developed based on serviceability limit state using linear random vibration theory. Inadequacy of seismic zonation in ensuring the objective of uniform level of safety within

The densification can increase the liquefaction resistance of sands. However, in most engineering practice, sands are not pure and contain a significant amount of fines with particle diameter smaller than 0.075 mm. Thus, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the influence of fines on the undrained cyclic behavior of dense sandy soils. In this study, a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests

The seismically isolated simply-supported beam bridge (SISBB) with the seismic isolation bearing (SIB) is converted into an equivalent bilinear single-degree-of-freedom system. Then, by inputting the 139 near-fault ground motion (GM) records into the equivalent system, the parametric study on the near-fault seismic input energy spectra (SEI) of the SISBB is conducted by considering the equivalent system

Prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) pipe pile with static press-in method is widely used in recent years. The earth pressure at the pile-soil interface caused by the process of pile jacking has an important influence on the jacked pile construction and even the bearing characteristics. Based on a construction project in Dongying, the change law of earth pressure at pile-soil interface caused by

Non-invasive surface wave methods have become a popular alternative to traditional invasive forms of site-characterization for inferring a site's subsurface shear wave velocity (Vs) structure. The advantage of surface wave methods over traditional forms of site characterization is that measurements made solely at the ground surface can be used routinely and economically to infer the subsurface structure

We study how the peak velocity of an SV-wave pulse on the ground surface of a two-dimensional soil valley is reduced by loss of wave energy during large nonlinear response inside the valley. This is a follow-up on our previous studies in which we considered excitation by an SH-pulse and a P-wave pulse. We consider in-plane response for incident angle below critical and assume that the soil material

Previous studies have proven that CFST (concrete-filled steel tube) battened built-up columns (CFST-BBCs) exhibit good hysteresis energy dissipation capacity and deformation capacity under lateral cyclic repeated loading. To further understand the elastoplastic seismic response characteristics of such composite structures under strong earthquakes, two pseudo-dynamic tests of 1/8-scaled CFST-BBC pier

Liquefaction of gravelly soil has been reported for several historical earthquakes. However, the data size remains insufficient for guaranteeing a high-performance prediction model, especially because the data quality used for the model building has not been evaluated in previous studies. In addition, the significant factors used to construct a gravelly soil liquefaction model remain unclear. To overcome

This study aims to identify optimal intensity measures (IMs) for use in probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDMs) for circular tunnels in soft soil deposits. To this end, we performed an extended numerical parametric study involving two-dimensional time history analyses of selected soil-tunnel configurations to evaluate the response of the selected tunnels under transverse seismic shaking. A series

Rammed earth-timber joints without enlarged ends have been used in rammed earth buildings for several hundreds of years. Due to the embedment nature, the joint has a certain degree of flexibility, allowing the floor and roof beams to slide without damaging the rammed earth, enabling dissipating energy during earthquakes. The energy dissipation mechanism of rammed earth-timber joint has not yet been

This study conducted a shaking table test using a centrifuge model to clarify the dynamic response of the saturated soil–reinforced concrete pile–superstructure interaction under conditions of multiple earthquakes. The shaking table test was conducted under a 50-G field with multiple shaking inputs reproducing the mainshock and aftershocks to explore the interactions in terms of differences in relative