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Comparing three approaches to the inducing source setting for the ground electromagnetic field modeling due to space weather events Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2021-01-16 Elena Marshalko; Mikhail Kruglyakov; Alexey Kuvshinov; Liisa Juusola; Norah Kaggwa Kwagala; Elena Sokolova; Viacheslav Pilipenko
Ground‐based technological systems, such as power grids, can be affected by geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) during geomagnetic storms and magnetospheric substorms. This motivates the necessity to numerically simulate and, ultimately, forecast GIC. The prerequisite for the GIC modeling in the region of interest is the simulation of the ground geoelectric field (GEF) in the same region. The modeling
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Ground‐based GNSS and C/NOFS Observations of Ionospheric Irregularities over Africa: A Case Study of the 2013 St. Patrick's Day Geomagnetic Storm Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2021-01-13 P. O. Amaechi; E. O. Oyeyemi; A. O. Akala; H. E. Messanga; S. K. Panda; Gopi K. Seemala; J. O. Oyedokun; R. Fleury; C. Amory‐Mazaudier
In this paper, the variations of ionospheric irregularities have been studied using C/NOFS, ground‐based GNSS and magnetometer measurements in Africa during the St. Patrick geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2013. The latitudinal distribution of irregularities was examined using GNSS‐ROTI maps covering longitude 25o – 45oE. Longitudinal characteristics were also investigated along with equatorial plasma
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Radiation Data Portal: Integration of Radiation Measurements at the Aviation Altitudes and Solar‐Terrestrial Environment Observations Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-13 V. M. Sadykov; I. N. Kitiashvili; W. K. Tobiska; M. Guhathakurta
The impact of radiation dramatically increases at high altitudes in the Earth's atmosphere and in space. Therefore, monitoring and access to radiation environment measurements are critical for estimating the radiation exposure risks of aircraft and spacecraft crews and the impact of space weather disturbances on electronics. Addressing these needs requires convenient access to multisource radiation
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One‐Day Forecasting of Global TEC Using a Novel Deep Learning Model Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 Sujin Lee; Eun‐Young Ji; Yong‐Jae Moon; Eunsu Park
In this study, we make a global total electron content (TEC) forecasting using a novel deep learning method, which is based on conditional generative adversarial networks. For training, we use the International GNSS Service (IGS) TEC maps from 2003 to 2012 with 2‐h time cadence. Our model has two input images (IGS TEC map and 1‐day difference map between the present day and the previous day) and one
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Modeling Geomagnetic Interference on Railway Signaling Track Circuits Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-17 D. H. Boteler
Misoperation of railway signaling during geomagnetic disturbances has occurred in a number of countries. Railway signals are activated by track circuits that detect the presence of a train in a particular rail section, but geomagnetically induced electric fields can interfere with the track circuit operation, causing the wrong signal to be displayed. This paper develops a new model for track circuit
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First Estimations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents in the South of Portugal Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-10 Joana Alves Ribeiro; Fernando J. G. Pinheiro; Maria Alexandra Pais
Geomagnetic storms induce electric fields in the conducting Earth, which are the source of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in grounded power lines. In this study, we compute time‐varying geoelectric fields induced in the southern region of the Portuguese mainland at the time of the strongest geomagnetic storms during solar cycle 24, using a plane‐wave approximation. The driving geomagnetic
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Removing Orbital Variations from Low Altitude Particle Data: Method and Application Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-28 J.C. Green; T.P. O'Brien; S.G. Claudepierre; A. J. Boyd
Particle flux measurements from polar orbiting low altitude satellites provide a view of the near Earth radiation environment that is extremely valuable for science as well as space weather monitoring. Unlike geosynchronous satellites that sample only a limited region of space (L=∼6.6), these low altitude satellites sample the extended radiation environment (L=1 to >10) at a relatively high time cadence
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Issue Information Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-23
No abstract is available for this article
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The Role of Tectonic Plate Thickness and Mantle Conductance in Determining Regional Vulnerability to Extreme Space Weather Events: Possible Enhancement of Magnetic Source Fields by Secondary Induction in the Asthenosphere Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Fiona Simpson; Karsten Bahr
During magnetic storms, solar‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐Earth interactions give rise to geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in man‐made technological conductors such as power grids, gas pipelines, and railway networks with potentially damaging outcomes. Generally, electrically conductive regions of the Earth are assumed to be less at risk to GICs than resistive ones, since induced electric fields
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Space Weather as the Nexus of Applied and Fundamental Space Science: The Need for Separate Funding Mechanisms and Definition Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Noé Lugaz; Jennifer Gannon; Michael Hapgood; Huixin Liu; T Paul O'Brien
This editorial aims at highlighting the importance of keeping space science and space weather fundamental and applied research highly interconnected, but also separate through distinct funding mechanisms. Fundamental and applied space research endeavors are not the same, even though they may share some of the same science regions and approaches, and scientists.
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Numerical simulations of the geospace response to the arrival of an idealized perfect interplanetary coronal mass ejection Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 Daniel T. Welling; Jeffrey J. Love; E. Joshua Rigler; Denny M. Oliveira; Colin M. Komar; Steven K. Morley
Previously, Tsurutani & Lakhina (2014) created estimates for a “perfect” interplanetary coronal mass ejection and performed simple calculations for the response of geospace, including . In this study, these estimates are used to drive a coupled magnetohydrodynamic‐ring current‐ionosphere model of geospace to obtain more physically accurate estimates of the geospace response to such an event. The sudden
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Pro‐L* ‐ A probabilistic L* mapping tool for ground observations Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-16 R. L. Thompson; S. K. Morley; C. E. J. Watt; S. N. Bentley; P. D. Williams
Both ground and space observations are used extensively in the modeling of space weather processes within the Earth's magnetosphere. In radiation belt physics modeling, one of the key phase‐space coordinates is L*, which indicates the location of the drift paths of energetic electrons. Global magnetic field models allow a subset of locations on the ground (mainly sub‐auroral) to be mapped along field
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Assessing the projection correction of Coronal Mass Ejection speeds on Time‐of‐Arrival prediction performance using the Effective Acceleration Model Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-14 Evangelos Paouris; Angelos Vourlidas; Athanasios Papaioannou; Anastasios Anastasiadis
White light images of Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) are projections on the plane‐of‐sky (POS). As a result, CME kinematics are subject to projection effects. The error in the true (deprojected) speed of CMEs is one of the main causes of uncertainty to Space Weather forecasts, since all estimates of the CME Time‐of‐Arrival (ToA) at a certain location within the heliosphere require, as input, the CME
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Addressing Gaps in Space Weather Operations and Understanding with Small Satellites Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-13 O. P. Verkhoglyadova; C. D. Bussy‐Virat; Amir Caspi; D. R. Jackson; V. Kalegaev; J. Klenzing; J. Nieves‐Chinchilla; A. Vourlidas
Gaps in space weather observations that can be addressed with small satellites are identified. Potential improvements in solar inputs to space weather models, space radiation control, estimations of energy budget of the upper Earth's atmosphere, and satellite drag modeling are briefly discussed. Key observables, instruments and observation strategies by small satellites are recommended. Tracking optimization
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Long‐term monitoring of energetic protons at the bottom of Earth's radiation belt Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 K. Yoshioka; Y. Miyoshi; S. Kurita; M. Teramoto; F. Tsuchiya; A. Yamazaki; G. Murakami; T. Kimura; H. Kita; I. Yoshikawa; Y. Kasaba
The energetic particles in the Earth's radiation belt are known to fluctuate over various timescales. Although observations using satellites have been made for more than 50 years, there are few examples of continuous and long‐term observations at low altitude (< 2000 km) and in low L‐value (L < 2) regions, which are at the bottom of the inner radiation belt. This is because the orbits of satellites
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Storm Time Plasma Pressure Inferred From Multimission Measurements and Its Validation Using Van Allen Probes Particle Data Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-19 G. K. Stephens; S. T. Bingham; M. I. Sitnov; M. Gkioulidou; V. G. Merkin; H. Korth; N. A. Tsyganenko; A. Y. Ukhorskiy
The k‐nearest‐neighbor technique is used to mine a multimission magnetometer database for a subset of data points from time intervals that are similar to the storm state of the magnetosphere for a particular moment in time. These subsets of data are then used to fit an empirical magnetic field model. Performing this for each snapshot in time reconstructs the dynamic evolution of the magnetic and electric
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Forbush Decrease Characteristics in a Magnetic Cloud Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 A. S. Petukhova; I. S. Petukhov; S. I. Petukhov
Based on the new mechanism, the Forbush decrease characteristics are calculated for eight magnetic cloud types. It is shown that the Forbush decrease amplitude does not depend on the magnetic cloud type, while the anisotropy strongly does. The Forbush decrease spectrum for (2–150 GV) rigidities is calculated for the first time. The Forbush decrease amplitude for low rigidities is ∼100%, which can be
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The Flare Irradiance Spectral Model‐Version 2 (FISM2) Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-23 P. C. Chamberlin; F. G. Eparvier; V. Knoer; H. Leise; A. Pankratz; M. Snow; B. Templeman; E. M. B. Thiemann; D. L. Woodraska; T. N. Woods
The Flare Irradiance Spectral Model (FISM) is an important tool for estimating solar variability for a myriad of space weather research studies and applications, and FISM Version 2 (FISM2) recently was released. FISM2 is an empirical model of the solar ultraviolet irradiance created to fill spectral and temporal gaps in the satellite observations. FISM2 estimates solar ultraviolet irradiance variations
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A Simple Method for Correcting Empirical Model Densities During Geomagnetic Storms Using Satellite Orbit Data Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Daniel A. Brandt; Charles D. Bussy‐Virat; Aaron J. Ridley
Empirical models of the thermospheric density are routinely used to perform orbit maintenance, satellite collision avoidance, and estimate time and location of re‐entry for spacecraft. These models have characteristic errors in the thermospheric density below 10% during geomagnetic quiet time but are unable to reproduce the significant increase and subsequent recovery in the density observed during
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Evaluating the Performance of a Plasma Analyzer for a Space Weather Monitor Mission Concept Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-13 G. Nicolaou; R. T. Wicks; I. J. Rae; D. O. Kataria
We use historical analysis of solar wind plasma and coronal mass ejections to define the range of performance required for an ion analyzer for future space weather monitoring missions. We adopt the design of a top hat electrostatic analyzer, capable of measuring the plasma protons and constructing their three‐dimensional distribution functions. The design is based on previous heritage instruments and
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Long‐Term Observations of Galactic Cosmic Ray LET Spectra in Lunar Orbit by LRO/CRaTER Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 M. D. Looper; J. E. Mazur; J. B. Blake; H. E. Spence; N. A. Schwadron; J. K. Wilson; A. P. Jordan; C. Zeitlin; A. W. Case; J. C. Kasper; L. W. Townsend; T. J. Stubbs
The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) has been orbiting the Moon since 2009 aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO). From this vantage point, it samples the interplanetary energetic particle population outside the shielding of the Earth's magnetosphere. We report the sensor's observations of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) over a complete solar activity cycle. CRaTER is designed
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Characterizing Auroral‐Zone Absorption Based on Global Kp and Regional Geomagnetic Hourly Range Indices Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 R. A. D. Fiori; L. Trichtchenko; C. Balch; E. Spanswick; S. Groleau
Increased ionization in the auroral oval leads to the absorption of high‐frequency radio waves in the auroral zone, or auroral absorption. Auroral absorption is typically characterized by global geomagnetic activity indices, such as the Kp index. In this paper the hourly range of the magnetic field (HR) is examined as an alternative to the 3‐hr Kp index for describing the dynamic and localized features
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Beamline and Flight Comparisons of the ARMAS Flight Module With the Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter for Improving Atmospheric Radiation Monitoring Accuracy Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Brad “Buddy” Gersey; W. Kent Tobiska; William Atwell; Dave Bouwer; Leonid Didkovsky; Kevin Judge; Seth Wieman; Richard Wilkins
Ionizing radiation at aircraft and commercial suborbital spaceflight altitudes is driven by space weather and is a health concern for crew and passengers. We compare the response functions of two radiation detectors that were exposed to four different ground‐based laboratory radiation fields as well as flown alongside each other on aircraft. The detectors were a tissue equivalent proportional counter
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International Coordination and Support for SmallSat‐Enabled Space Weather Activities Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-20 Teresa Nieves‐Chinchilla; Bhavya Lal; Robert Robinson; Amir Caspi; David R. Jackson; Therese Moretto Jørgensen; James Spann
Advances in space weather science and small satellite (SmallSat) technology have proceeded in parallel over the past two decades, but better communication and coordination are needed among the respective worldwide communities contributing to this rapid progress. We identify six areas where improved international coordination is especially desirable, including (1) orbital debris mitigation; (2) spectrum
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Issue Information Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-24
No abstract is available for this article
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Forecasting Global Ionospheric TEC Using Deep Learning Approach Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 Lei Liu; Shasha Zou; Yibin Yao; Zihan Wang
Global ionospheric total electron content (TEC) maps are widely utilized in research regarding ionospheric physics and the associated space weather impacts, so there is a great interest in the community in short‐term ionosphere TEC forecasting. In this study, the long short‐term memory (LSTM) neural network (NN) is applied to forecast the 256 spherical harmonic (SH) coefficients that are traditionally
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Forecasting SYM‐H Index: A Comparison Between Long Short‐Term Memory and Convolutional Neural Networks Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-21 F. Siciliano; G. Consolini; R. Tozzi; M. Gentili; F. Giannattasio; P. De Michelis
Forecasting geomagnetic indices represents a key point to develop warning systems for the mitigation of possible effects of severe geomagnetic storms on critical ground infrastructures. Here we focus on SYM‐H index, a proxy of the axially symmetric magnetic field disturbance at low and middle latitudes on the Earth's surface. To forecast SYM‐H we built two artificial neural network (ANN) models and
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Calculation of GIC in the North Island of New Zealand Using MT Data and Thin‐Sheet Modeling Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-29 K. Mukhtar; M. Ingham; C. J. Rodger; D. H. Mac Manus; T. Divett; W. Heise; E. Bertrand; M. Dalzell; T. Petersen
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) in the North Island New Zealand power transmission network during two large magnetic storms are calculated from both magnetotelluric (MT) data and a thin‐sheet conductance model of New Zealand previously used to study GIC in the South Island. We focus on the 2015 St. Patrick's Day magnetic storm and the storm of 20 November 2003. Lack of MT data in the northwestern
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Estimating Extreme Geoelectric Field Values for the Australian Region Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Richard Marshall; Léna Dziura; Liejun Wang; Jeanne Young; Michael Terkildsen
There are a number of global initiatives to understand and mitigate the impacts of extreme space weather on critical infrastructure and modern society. This paper provides the results of an analysis to estimate extreme geoelectric field values for the Australian region to facilitate evaluation of Australia's power system response to extreme geomagnetic storms. Geoelectric fields are calculated using
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Forcing From Lower Thermosphere and Quiet Time Scintillation Longitudinal Dependence Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Endawoke Yizengaw; Keith Groves
The quiet time ionospheric plasma bubbles that occur almost every day become a significant threat for radio frequency (RF) signal degradation that affects communication and navigation systems. We have analyzed multi‐instrument observations to determine the driving mechanism for quiet time bubbles and to answer the longstanding problem, what controls the longitudinal and seasonal dependence of ionospheric
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Conductance Model for Extreme Events: Impact of Auroral Conductance on Space Weather Forecasts Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-27 Agnit Mukhopadhyay; Daniel T. Welling; Michael W. Liemohn; Aaron J. Ridley; Shibaji Chakraborty; Brian J. Anderson
Ionospheric conductance is a crucial factor in regulating the closure of magnetospheric field‐aligned currents through the ionosphere as Hall and Pedersen currents. Despite its importance in predictive investigations of the magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling, the estimation of ionospheric conductance in the auroral region is precarious in most global first‐principles‐based models. This impreciseness
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Application of the verified neutron monitor yield function for an extended analysis of the ground level enhancement GLE # 71 on May 17, 2012 Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-09 A. L. Mishev; S. A. Koldobskiy; I. G. Usoskin; L. G. Kocharov; G. A. Kovaltsov
Intense solar activity was observed in May 2012. A notable ground level enhancement (GLE) was registered on May, 17, 2012 by several space‐borne instruments as well as on ground by neutron monitors (NMs). This event is known as GLE # 71. Here, we derived the spectral and angular characteristics, and apparent source position of the solar protons during the GLE # 71, employing verified newly computed
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A New Frontier in Ionospheric Observations: GPS Total Electron Content Measurements From Ocean Buoys Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Irfan Azeem; Geoff Crowley; Victoriya V. Forsythe; Adam S. Reynolds; Erik M. Stromberg; Gordon R. Wilson; Craig A. Kohler
Ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers have become a ubiquitous tool for monitoring the ionosphere. Total electron content (TEC) data from globally distributed networks of ground‐based GNSS receivers are increasingly being used to characterize the ionosphere and its variability. The deployment of these GNSS receivers is currently limited to landmasses. This means that 7/10
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Geomagnetic Pulsations Driving Geomagnetically Induced Currents Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-11-04 M. J. Heyns; S. I. Lotz; C. T. Gaunt
Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) are driven by the geoelectric field induced by fluctuations of Earth's magnetic field. Drivers of intense GICs are often associated with large impulsive events such as coronal mass ejections. To a lesser extent fluctuations from regular oscillations of the geomagnetic field, or geomagnetic pulsations, have also been identified as possible drivers of GICs. In
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Assimilation of Sparse Continuous Near‐Earth Weather Measurements by NECTAR Model Morphing Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 I. A. Galkin; B. W. Reinisch; A. M. Vesnin; D. Bilitza; S. Fridman; J. B. Habarulema; O. Veliz
Non‐linear Error Compensation Technique with Associative Restoration (NECTAR) is a novel approach to the assimilation of fragmentary sensor data to produce a global nowcast of the near‐Earth space weather. NECTAR restores missing information by iteratively transforming (“morphing”) an underlying global climatology model into agreement with currently available sensor data. The morphing procedure benefits
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Medium Energy Electron Flux in Earth's Outer Radiation Belt (MERLIN): A Machine Learning Model Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 A. G. Smirnov; M. Berrendorf; Y. Y. Shprits; E. A. Kronberg; H. J. Allison; N. A. Aseev; I. S. Zhelavskaya; S. K. Morley; G. D. Reeves; M. R. Carver; F. Effenberger
The radiation belts of the Earth, filled with energetic electrons, comprise complex and dynamic systems that pose a significant threat to satellite operation. While various models of electron flux both for low and relativistic energies have been developed, the behavior of medium energy (120–600 keV) electrons, especially in the MEO region, remains poorly quantified. At these energies, electrons are
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Probabilistic Forecasts of Storm Sudden Commencements From Interplanetary Shocks Using Machine Learning Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-14 A. W. Smith; I. J. Rae; C. Forsyth; D. M. Oliveira; M. P. Freeman; D. R. Jackson
In this study we investigate the ability of several different machine learning models to provide probabilistic predictions as to whether interplanetary shocks observed upstream of the Earth at L1 will lead to immediate (Sudden Commencements, SCs) or longer lasting magnetospheric activity (Storm Sudden Commencements, SSCs). Four models are tested including linear (Logistic Regression), nonlinear (Naive
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Ionospheric Current Variations Induced by the Solar Flares of 6 and 10 September 2017 Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Charles Owolabi; Jiuhou Lei; O. S. Bolaji; Dexin Ren; Akimasa Yoshikawa
We examine the global ionospheric current in relation to X9.33 disk and X8.28 limb flares, which had significant differences in their solar X‐ray and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) fluxes using the ground‐based magnetometer data. At the peak of X9.33 flare, when X‐ray and EUV radiations were significantly enhanced, the northern current vortex was situated at (40°N, 12 LT), while the southern current vortex
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Regional Ionospheric Parameter Estimation by Assimilating the LSTM Trained Results Into the SAMI2 Model Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-16 Jeong‐Heon Kim; Young‐Sil Kwak; Yong Ha Kim; Su‐In Moon; Se‐Heon Jeong; Jong Yeon Yun
This paper presents a study on the possibility of predicting the regional ionosphere at midlatitude by assimilating the predicted ionospheric parameters from a neural network (NN) model into the Sami2 is Another Model of the Ionosphere (SAMI2). The NN model was constructed from the data set of Jeju ionosonde (33.43°N, 126.30°E) for the period of 1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015 by using the long‐short
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Characteristics of Ionospheric Irregularities Using GNSS Scintillation Indices Measured at Jang Bogo Station, Antarctica (74.62°S, 164.22°E) Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-05 Junseok Hong; Jong‐Kyun Chung; Yong Ha Kim; Jaeheung Park; Hyuck‐Jin Kwon; Jeong‐Han Kim; Jong‐Min Choi; Young‐Sil Kwak
Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals strongly depend on the ionospheric conditions, which are composed of electrons and ions generated by solar radiation and particle precipitation. Ionospheric plasma irregularities may cause the scintillation of the GNSS signals or even the loss of signal lock, resulting in the reduction of positioning accuracy and timing precision. Phase scintillation
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An Ionospheric Climate Index Based on GNSS Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-22 Cheng Wang; Yuting Li; Jicang Wu; Lei Fan; Zhipeng Wang; Chen Zhou; Chuang Shi
The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) is a significant parameter for scientific studies of the ionosphere and space weather. Ground‐based Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) station network provides an opportunity for modeling the ionospheric TEC with high accuracy. Based on global ionospheric TEC maps, by using data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) stations for 21 years (from
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The Polar Cap (PC) Index: Invalid Index Series and a Different Approach Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-15 Peter Stauning
The Polar Cap (PC) indices are derived from the magnetic variations generated by the transpolar convection of magnetospheric plasma and embedded magnetic fields driven by the interaction with the solar wind. The PC indices are potentially very useful for space weather monitoring and forecasts and for related research. However, this study suggests that the PC index series in the near‐real‐time and final
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Reconstruction of Extreme Geomagnetic Storms: Breaking the Data Paucity Curse Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-30 M. I. Sitnov; G. K. Stephens; N. A. Tsyganenko; H. Korth; E. C. Roelof; P. C. Brandt; V. G. Merkin; A. Y. Ukhorskiy
Reconstruction of the magnetic field, electric current, and plasma pressure is provided using a new data mining (DM) method with weighted nearest neighbors (NN) for strong storms with the storm activity index Sym‐H < −300 nT, the Bastille Day event (July 2000), and the 20 November 2003 superstorm. It is shown that the new method significantly reduces the statistical bias of the original NN algorithm
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Benchmarking Forecasting Models for Space Weather Drivers Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-02 Richard J. Licata; W. Kent Tobiska; Piyush M. Mehta
Space weather indices are commonly used to drive operational forecasts of various geospace systems, including the thermosphere for mass density and satellite drag. The drivers serve as proxies for various processes that cause energy flow and deposition in the geospace system. Forecasts of neutral mass density are a major uncertainty in operational orbit prediction and collision avoidance for objects
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Geomagnetically Induced Currents and Harmonic Distortion: High Time Resolution Case Studies Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-06 Mark A. Clilverd; Craig J. Rodger; James B. Brundell; Michael Dalzell; Ian Martin; Daniel H. Mac Manus; Neil R. Thomson
High time resolution (1–5 s) magnetometer, geomagnetically induced current (GIC), and mains harmonic distortion data from the Halfway Bush substation in Dunedin, New Zealand, are analyzed. A recently developed technique using very low frequency (VLF) radio wave data provides high‐resolution measurements of mains harmonic distortion levels. Three case studies are investigated, each involving high rates
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The Visual Complexity of Coronal Mass Ejections Follows the Solar Cycle Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 S. R. Jones; C. J. Scott; L. A. Barnard; R. Highfield; C. J. Lintott; E. Baeten
The Heliospheric Imagers on board National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)'s twin STEREO spacecraft show that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) can be visually complex structures. To explore this complexity, we created a citizen science project with the U.K. Science Museum, in which participants were shown pairs of CME images and asked to decide which image in each pair appeared the most “complicated
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PROSWIFT Bill and the 2020 Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure Workshop From the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 Noé Lugaz
The Space Weather Research and Forecasting Act (PROSWIFT) passed the U.S. Senate in July 2020 and the House of Representative on 16 September; it directs NOAA to capture remote images of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with the Space Weather Follow‐On at L1 (SWFO‐L1) mission. A workshop organized by an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine had its second part
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Observations and Modeling Studies of Solar Eclipse Effects on Oblique HF Radio Propagation Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-25 M. L. Moses; L. J. Kordella; G. D. Earle; D. Drob; J. D. Huba; J. M. Ruohoniemi; S. G. Shepherd; V. Sivakumar
The total solar eclipse over the continental United States on August 21, 2017 offered a unique opportunity to study the dependence of the ionospheric density and morphology on incident solar radiation at different local times. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars in Christmas Valley, Oregon and Fort Hays, Kansas are located slightly southward of the line of totality; they both made
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Issue Information Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-25
No abstract is available for this article
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Evaluation of Total Electron Content Prediction Using Three Ionosphere‐Thermosphere Models Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-08-04 O. Verkhoglyadova; X. Meng; A. J. Mannucci; J.‐S. Shim; R. McGranaghan
Prediction of ionospheric state is a critical space weather problem. We expand on our previous research of medium‐range ionospheric forecasts and present new results on evaluating prediction capabilities of three physics‐based ionosphere‐thermosphere models (Thermosphere Ionosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model, TIE‐GCM; Coupled Thermosphere Ionosphere Plasmasphere Electrodynamics Model
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ARRT Development for the Upcoming Human Exploration Missions Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-21 S. Hu; S. Monadjemi; J. E. Barzilla; E. Semones
The health risks of space radiation present big challenges to space exploration, with the possibility of large Energetic Solar Particle Events (ESPEs) inducing Acute Radiation Sickness (ARS) during upcoming Artemis missions. An operational software Acute Radiation Risks Tool (ARRT) was developed to directly use measurements from onboard dosimeters to project organ doses during times of increased radiation
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Relativistic Electron Flux Prediction at Geosynchronous Orbit Based on the Neural Network and the Quantile Regression Method Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-07-22 Hui Zhang; Suiyan Fu; Lun Xie; Duo Zhao; Chao Yue; Zuyin Pu; Ying Xiong; Tong Wu; Shaojie Zhao; Yixin Sun; Bo Cui; Zhekai Luo
Geosynchronous satellites are exposed to the relativistic electrons, which may cause irreparable damage to the satellites. The prediction of the relativistic electron flux is therefore important for the safety of the satellites. Unlike previous works focusing on the single‐value prediction of relativistic electron flux, we predict the relativistic electron flux in a probabilistic approach by using
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On the Assessment of Daily Equatorial Plasma Bubble Occurrence Modeling and Forecasting Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 B. A. Carter; J. L. Currie; T. Dao; E. Yizengaw; J. Retterer; M. Terkildsen; K. Groves; R. Caton
Predicting the daily variability of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles (EPBs) is an ongoing scientific challenge. Various methods for predicting EPBs have been developed, however, the research community is yet to scrutinize the methods for evaluating and comparing these prediction models/techniques. In this study, 12 months of co‐located GPS and UHF scintillation observations spanning South America, Atlantic/Western
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Galactic Cosmic Radiation in the Interplanetary Space Through a Modern Secular Minimum Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 F. Rahmanifard; W. C. de Wet; N. A. Schwadron; M. J. Owens; A. P. Jordan; J. K. Wilson; C. J. Joyce; H. E. Spence; C. W. Smith; L. W. Townsend
Recent solar conditions indicate a persistent decline in solar activity—possibly similar to the past solar grand minima. During such periods of low solar activity, the fluxes of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) increase remarkably, presenting a hazard for long‐term crewed space missions. We used data from the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
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Storm‐Time Modeling of the African Regional Ionospheric Total Electron Content Using Artificial Neural Networks Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-08-10 Daniel Okoh; John Bosco Habarulema; Babatunde Rabiu; Gopi Seemala; Joshua Benjamin Wisdom; Joseph Olwendo; Olivier Obrou; Tshimangadzo Merline Matamba
This paper presents the development of a storm‐time total electron content (TEC) model over the African sector for the first time. The storm criterion used was |Dst| ≥ 50 nT and Kp ≥ 4. We have utilized Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from 2000 to 2018 from about 252 receivers over the African continent and surroundings within spatial coverage of 40°S–40°N latitude and 25°W–60°E longitude
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Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data During the Saint Patrick Magnetic Storm and EPBs Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 C. M. Denardini, G. A. S. Picanço, P. F. Barbosa Neto, P. A. B. Nogueira, C. S. Carmo, L. C. A. Resende, J. Moro, S. S. Chen, E. Romero‐Hernandez, R. P. Silva, A. V. Bilibio
This study examines the variability of the ionospheric content during the period around the 2015 Saint Patrick magnetic storm and when equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) are observed during the quiet time over South America during two other events. It uses the ionospheric scales index map based on the disturbance ionospheric index (DIX). The results are compared to the traces of the ionograms obtained
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Ionospheric Scale Index Map Based on TEC Data for Space Weather Studies and Applications Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 C. M. Denardini, G. A. S. Picanço, P. F. Barbosa Neto, P. A. B. Nogueira, C. S. Carmo, L. C. A. Resende, J. Moro, S. S. Chen, E. Romero‐Hernandez, R. P. Silva, A. V. Bilibio
The present work shows the preliminary results from the analysis for developing an ionospheric scale index map based on the Disturbance Ionosphere indeX (DIX). This index aims to target all the different user groups affected by ionospheric disturbances, for example, the navigation, positioning, and satellite communication users, in a simple and straightforward approach. Therefore, we used the vertical
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The Day‐Night Difference and Geomagnetic Activity Variation of Energetic Electron Fluxes in Region of South Atlantic Anomaly Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-04 L. Y. Li, S. P. Zhou, S. H. Wei, J. Y. Yang, J. A. Sauvaud, J. J. Berthelier
Utilizing the DEMETER observations at 670 km, we examined the day‐night difference of energetic electrons (100–800 keV) in the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) region and their dependence on geomagnetic activities in different seasons. Under geomagnetically quiet conditions, the fluxes of higher‐energy electrons (>200 keV) in the dusk and midnight (MLT ~ 19–24 hr) are usually larger than those in the morning
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Medium‐Range Forecasting of Solar Wind: A Case Study of Building Regression Model With Space Weather Forecast Testbed (SWFT) Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Chunming Wang; I. Gary Rosen; Bruce T. Tsurutani; Olga P. Verkhoglyadova; Xing Meng; Anthony J. Mannucci
The Space Weather Forecast Testbed (SWFT) is developed by a team of space weather scientists and mathematicians at the University of Southern California (USC) and Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) to foster the creation of models for space weather forecast by exploration of existing historic data using techniques of machine learning. As an example to demonstrate the potential power of SWFT, we present
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Evaluation of CME Arrival Prediction Using Ensemble Modeling Based on Heliospheric Imaging Observations Space Weather (IF 3.579) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 Tanja Amerstorfer; Jürgen Hinterreiter; Martin A. Reiss; Christian Möstl; Jackie A. Davies; Rachel L. Bailey; Andreas J. Weiss; Mateja Dumbović; Maike Bauer; Ute V. Amerstorfer; Richard A. Harrison
In this study, we evaluate a coronal mass ejection (CME) arrival prediction tool that utilizes the wide‐angle observations made by STEREO's heliospheric imagers (HI). The unsurpassable advantage of these imagers is the possibility to observe the evolution and propagation of a CME from close to the Sun out to 1 AU and beyond. We believe that by exploiting this capability, instead of relying on coronagraph
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