The series of nine Jack Rabbit II (JR II) chlorine release field experiments in 2015 and 2016 involved releases of pressurized liquefied chlorine from tanks containing 5–20 tons of liquid. This paper concerns JR II Trial 8, where the release hole (15.2 cm diameter) was oriented upwards at the top of the tank. To our knowledge, this is the only full-scale vertically-directed release of pressurized liquefied

Abstract Particulate sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid (MSA) are known to form through oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds, however, the mechanisms by which these compounds form are not well understood. Additionally, the aerosol yields and ratio of MSA to sulfuric acid particulate formation are not well documented, making it difficult to estimate the health and climate impacts of reduced sulfur

Malonic acid (MOA) is one of the main dicarboxylic acids in aerosols. Some field observations and experiments have revealed that malonic acid may be involved in new particle formation (NPF) events. However, there are few reports on the mechanism of atmospheric cluster formation involving MOA. In this study, high-precision quantum chemical calculations and dynamics simulations were used to investigate

Humic-like substances are ubiquitous constituents of atmospheric aerosol worldwide. Their sources, formation processes, physical and chemical properties have been studied thoroughly but hardly any information is available on the ecotoxicity of this complex organic mixture. In this study the ecotoxicity of HULIS isolated from winter rural aerosol was determined using the kinetic version of Vibrio fischeri

Paired PM10 and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected indoor and outdoor at a fully mechanically ventilated high school in the ultraindustrialized ship channel region of Houston, Texas over a two-month period. The primary foci of this research are to measure the elemental composition of ambient outdoor and indoor coarse particulate matter (PM10-2.5), characterize aerosol infiltration/ventilation

A year-round observation of the free amino acids (FAA) and combined amino acids (CAA) in coarse and fine aerosols were conducted at an urban site in Japan. The averaged concentrations of the total FAA and total CAA measured in this study were 149.9 and 237.6 pmolN m−3, respectively, in coarse aerosols, and 177.9 and 562.2 pmolN m−3, respectively, in fine aerosols. The concentrations of the total CAA

National monitoring networks have reported an increase in ammonium (NH4+) deposition, such that NH4+ now dominates inorganic nitrogen deposition across most of the United States. Atmospheric deposition of fixed nitrogen has significant environmental consequences, including acidification and eutrophication. Thus, understanding source contributions is critical for formulating policies to mitigate the

The longer predictability limit and downward impact on the extratropical circulations and weather have made the winter Stratospheric Polar Vortex (SPV) variability a new source for sub-seasonal prediction in extratropical wintertime. Using the PM2.5 observation data and high-resolution ERA5 reanalysis data during 2014–2019, we investigate the characteristics of SPV and its linkage to the tropospheric

Exposure to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is the largest environmental health risk in India. All previous studies in India focused on PM10 exposure for acute impact assessment; even the single study examining the PM2.5 acute exposure impact used data from a single site. Here we estimated the impact of acute PM2.5 exposure on non-trauma all-cause mortality in the megacity Delhi using a quasi-Poisson

Serious regional pollution often erupts in clean areas, and the impact of boundary layer structure evolution on heavy pollution in clean areas urgently needs to be studied. During the period from November 3rd to December 31st, 2014, ceilometers were used to observe the boundary layer height (BLH) of urban and suburban areas in Beijing. During the observation period, there was no significant difference

The spatial and temporal distribution of atmospheric chloromethane (CH3Cl) in China was investigated between 2012 and 2014, and the sources of CH3Cl were evaluated by positive matrix factorization (PMF) according to PMF 5.0 (USEPA). Various concentrations of CH3Cl were found throughout China, ranging from 506.4±110.5 to 1132.1±523.3 pptv, showing the characteristics of high in the southeast and low

This paper uses a machine learning model called a relevance vector machine (RVM) to quantify ozone (O3) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) formation under wintertime conditions. Field study measurements were based on previous work described by Olson et al. (2019), where continuous measurements were reported from a wintertime field study in Utah. RVMs were formulated using either O3 or nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

China is currently undergoing a massive socio-economic transformation, and has implemented a series of emission reduction measures to control air pollution. The response of atmospheric deposition to emission reduction measures provides direct evidence for the efficiency of environmental policies. Here, we consistently measured SO42–, NO3–, and NH4+ concentrations in rainfall in 43 typical Chinese ecosystems

Haze pollution has become a major public concern of China in recent years, especially in Beijing and surrounding areas, and in the fall and winter seasons. Implementation of Clean Air Action Plan in 2013 targeted the distinct improvement of air quality in Beijing since 2017. However, there is the absence of detailed investigation of SOA evolutionary processes in winter 2017. Here we deployed an Aerodyne

On 2019-02-14, at 1:00 UTC, a large increase of ozone density at 8 km altitude was detected above Hampton, Virginia using the NASA Langley Mobile Ozone Lidar, LMOL. Ozone levels above 70 ppbv were observed down to an altitude of 4.5 km up to five hours after the start of the event. The NASA GEOS Composition Forecast (GEOS-CF) model was used to investigate the hypothesis of a stratospheric intrusion

Only a few studies have investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and alterations of serum lipids and blood sugar level in developing countries. The present longitudinal study examined associations between long-term air pollution exposure and serum lipids [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein

Chiang Mai suffers from adverse haze associated with heavy biomass burning (BB) during almost every dry season (February to April). As an important source of light-absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (black carbon and brown carbon), BB can have strong radiative effects on local and regional climate. However, studies on characterizing the impacts of BB aerosols on climate in Chiang Mai are quite limited

Ambient volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations including individual monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenes (SQTs), isoprene, 2-methyl-3-buten-1-ol (MBO), methacrolein (MACR), C5–C10 aldehydes, benzene and toluene were measured in a coniferous forest in Hyytiälä, southern Finland, in April–November 2016 with 1–2 h time resolution. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to resolve the major sources

Fog has drawn much attention from scholars and the public; it can reduce visibility to less than 1 km and affect air, sea, and land transportation and economy. In late winter and spring, fog events frequently affect intensive human activity in the coastal areas of Eastern China. In this study, numerical simulations from the Weather Research and Forecasting model were combined with observations to investigate

Nova Scotia is in the air pollution outflow region of North America and experiences elevated surface air pollution episodes regularly. We present the first analysis of long-term (2000-2018) hourly ozone (O3) and ozone precursor gas trends at three Nova Scotia provincial monitoring locations (‘urban’ Halifax, ‘suburban’ Halifax at Lake Major and ‘regional background’ at Aylesford Mountain), together

The air quality in Republic of Korea, especially in cities such as Seoul, has been a serious public health concern over the years. The key pollutant in the atmosphere leading to poor air quality in Korea is fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Here, we use a 3-D global chemistry model (GEOS-Chem) to conduct source attribution to PM2.5 in Korea from international and domestic emissions. The modeling was

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from furniture severely influence indoor air quality. Prior studies have mainly focused on the emissions from building materials and vehicle cabin materials, but rarely refer to indoor furniture. Considering the complex internal structure of furniture, this study presents a two-layer numerical model to describe the emission behaviors of VOCs from wooden furniture

Aerosols greatly impact the global and regional climate system and public health. We conducted lidar measurements at Wuhan (30.53°N, 114.37°E) from October 2010 to June 2020 and analyzed the massive dataset with an automatic lidar processing algorithm, to investigate the long-term variations of aerosols. Lidar-derived total aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 532 nm shows an interannual decrease of −0.049

Exposure to air pollution is the largest environmental health risk in India, where the coal-fed thermal power plants (TPPs) are identified as the single largest air pollution source. The key to an efficient air quality management plan is strict compliance of the TPPs with emission norms. Yet, in-situ measurements are lacking, and the bottom-up emission inventory is not periodically updated in India

Knowledge regarding the presence of suspended microplastics (MPs) within the air is lacking, especially indoors, yet the importance of indoor air quality and human health is rising. This study is the first to report MPs within multiple homes over a 6-month period, with concentrations exceeding previous outdoor studies. Twenty households, within the City of Hull and Humber region, U.K., were passively

Smoke from domestic tobacco smoking and biomass burning is the most harmful indoor air pollutant. This study aimed to evaluate 2,5-dimethylfuran (DMF) as a marker to indicate exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and biomass burning smoke (BBS) in households. The evaluation consisted of three indoor air monitoring campaigns in (1) 8 apartments with different smoking scenarios, (2) 76 apartments

The G20 summit of 2016 was held from September 4–5, and a series of stringent emission reduction measures were taken in Hangzhou, an economically developed city in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and its surrounding regions. This study analyzed the vertical and regional pollutant distributions and their interactions in Hangzhou during the summit. The results show that the concentration of PM2.5 decreased

Smoke aerosols emitted from wildfires can transport across long distances and affect the local air quality in downwind regions. In New York State (NYS), the local air quality has significantly improved due to reductions in anthropogenic emission over the past decades. As the intensity and frequency of wildfires are continuously increasing under changing climate, smoke aerosols are predicted to become

This study discusses a method for deriving the vertical profiles of absorption and scattering coefficients in integrated atmospheric column for radiative models. It then presents these profiles in the case of cloudy layers using details of the distributions of cloud water content and the vertical description of other radiatively active atmospheric species in the shortwave spectrum for Yaounde (11°51'

Following the release of a harmful substance within an urban environment, buildings and street canyons create complex flow regimes that affect dispersion and localized effluent concentrations. While some fast-response dispersion models can capture the effects caused by individual buildings, further research is required to refine urban characterizations such as plume channeling and spreading, and initial

To study the aerosol chemistry and regional transport changes in Beijing under different stagnant meteorological conditions, a simultaneous combined observation of the nonrefractory submicron aerosol (NR-PM1) chemical compositions and vertical wind profiles was conducted at an urban site (Beijing) and a regional background site (Xinglong) in the North China Plain (NCP) from November 2018 to January

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are critical precursors of secondary pollutants such as O3 and PM2.5; some VOCs are also harmful to human health directly. In recent years, O3 pollution in summer and PM2.5 pollution in winter have occurred frequently in Chengdu, a megacity in southwest China. Effective pollution control on O3 and PM2.5 require clarification of VOCs pollution characteristics. In this

Long-term ozone lidar routine measurements are sparse in China. In this study, we used one year of continuous ozone lidar measurements to systematically investigate the effects of synoptic patterns on the vertical structure of ozone during high ozone episodes in Hong Kong. The height of the near-surface ozone layer was identified and compared with that of the mixing layer. The results showed that Hong

High sulfur emissions in the Central Andes have in the past been attributed to active volcanoes and numerous copper smelting facilities in the region. This study evaluates the contribution of these sources on Arequipa, Peru through an evaluation of aerosol sulfate δ34S values and water-soluble ions (WSI). The anthropogenic and natural sources of particulate pollution were determined by aerosol filter

To explore the vertical distribution of the aerosol optical parameters over Jinhua City, southeast China, a Dual-wavelength Mie Polarization Raman Lidar (DMPRL) system was operated to obtain the atmospheric backscattering signals from June 2013 to May 2014. Profiles of aerosol occurrence frequency and aerosol optical parameters, including backscattering ratio, particle depolarization ratio, and color

In Northeast Asia, high-pressure systems typically initiate high PM2.5 episodes. However, the role of low-pressure systems, including typhoons, in high PM2.5 episodes is not well understood. In this study, we attempted to explain the evolution of the high PM2.5 episode event that was initiated by a migratory high-pressure system and the extension of the event in the presence of low-pressure systems

The atmospheric concentration of black carbon (BC) has paramount importance worldwide due to its role in global warming and its adverse effect on human health. Only limited information is available about BC concentration and emission factors from the Arabian/Persian Gulf region despite the presence of significant sources including petrochemical industry and maritime shipping. The atmospheric concentrations

Representative soil was evenly applied to an 800-m section of road surface. The test area was of sufficient length to allow for measurement at constant speeds of up to 72 km hr−1. SCAMPER and TRAKER™ mobile measurement vehicles made repeated test runs while an instrumented tower measured upwind-downwind horizontal PM10 flux. AP-42 methods were used to collect silt samples and calculate PM10 emission