Abstract Shifts in surface ocean pCO2 and pH are important controls governing global climate. Based on the linear relationship of observed surface pH and pCO2 with sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS) and Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) multiple linear regression equations were developed. Based on remote sensing SST, Chl-a and model-derived SSS, pH and pCO2 data were derived from 1998 to

Abstract Use of multi-angle sensors, which can perform ground observations in different view directions, provides an important technical means to acquire more comprehensive and detailed remote sensing information. This study explored the effect of angle changes on satellite-based aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrieval using 2016–2018 Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) data in the Yangtze River

Abstract Kraków, Poland, is a city with poor air quality, located in the large Wisła (Vistula) valley, and affected by a foehn wind from the Tatra Mountains. We analyzed 14 long episodes of the foehn from the periods Sep 2017 - Apr 2018 and Sep 2018 - Apr 2019. Data used included measurements of PM10 (i.e. particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter up to 10 µm) concentrations) concentrations,

Abstract We use ground-based spectroscopic remote sensing measurements of the stratospheric trace gases O3, HCl, ClO, BrO, HNO3, NO2, OClO, ClONO2, N2O and HF, along with radiosonde profiles of temperature to track the springtime development of the 2019 ozone hole over Arrival Heights (77.8°S, 166.7°E, AHTS), Antarctica, during, and after, the 2019 stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) event. Both measurements

Abstract The aim of this study was to explore particle size dependent properties by combining long-term observations of equivalent black carbon (eBC) and number size distributions to investigate their correlation as function of particle size. The work was conducted in two main parts. The first part consisted of a short laboratory experiment to compare observed total particle light absorption (σabs)

Abstract The urgent societal need for climate action requires climate change expertise. But who is a climate change expert? What is the role of atmospheric and Earth system science education? In this study, we examine what competencies do atmospheric and Earth system scientists teach in selected programmes in seven European countries, and how they view the importance of various competencies for the

Abstract Total column ozone (TCO) monitoring with the Dobson spectrophotometer no. 84 have been carried out at Belsk (51°50′, 20°47′), Poland, since 23 March 1963. TCO observations were made for various combinations of double wavelength pairs (AD, CD, CC′) and instrument settings (direct Sun, zenith blue, and zenith cloudy). In total, results of 115,736 manual observations were recorded in the period

Abstract This study aims at estimating errors to be accounted for in atmospheric inversions of methane (CH4) emissions at the European scale. Four types of errors are estimated in the concentration space over the model domain and at selected measurement sites. Furthermore, errors in emission inventories are estimated at country and source sector scales. A technically ready method is used, which is

Abstract Aerosol absorption constitutes a significant component of the total radiative effect of aerosols, and hence its representation in general circulation models is crucial to radiative forcing estimates. We use here multiple observations to evaluate the performance of CAM5.3-Oslo with respect to its aerosol representation. CAM5.3-Oslo is the atmospheric component of the earth system model NorESM1

Abstract The chemical composition of cloud water can be used to infer the sources of particles upon which cloud droplets and ice crystals have formed. In order to obtain cloud water for analysis of chemical composition for elevated clouds in the pristine high Arctic, balloon-borne active cloud water sampling systems are the optimal approach. However, such systems have not been feasible to deploy previously

Abstract Extensive studies are available that analyse time series of carbon dioxide and water flux measurements of FLUXNET sites over many years and link these results to climate change such as changes in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration, air temperature and growing season length and other factors. Many of the sites show trends to a larger carbon uptake. Here we analyse time series of net ecosystem

Abstract Temperature inversions inhibit the transfer of momentum, heat and moisture in the atmosphere and have led to severe air pollution in China. This study investigated the spatiotemporal variation in temperature inversions in China using sounding data for the past four decades. Surface-based inversion, elevated inversion, and both in one sounding dataset were analysed. Statistical analyses of

(2021). Correction Notice. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology: Vol. 73, No. 1, pp. 1-1.

Abstract With the rapid development of industry and economy, the problem of ozone (O3) pollution in China is of increasing concern in recent years. The problem of ozone pollution has become worse in Baicheng City which belongs to the province of Jilin. We analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of surface ozone and its correlation with precursors and meteorological factors during 2015 and 2019

Abstract In order to improve our understanding of the origin and production processes of methylamine in the atmosphere and its contribution to the particulate WSON, simultaneous measurements of methylamine in size-segregated aerosols and the gas phase were conducted at a forested site in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, over one year. The concentration of the atmospheric methylamine that is the sum of

Abstract The 10-year observations of the atmospheric molar fractions of CO2, CH4 and CO in West Africa were analyzed using a high precision measurement of the Lamto (LTO) station (6°31 N and 5°02 W) in Côte d’Ivoire. At daily scale, high concentrations appear at night with significant peaks around 7 a.m. local time and minimum concentrations in the afternoon for CO2 and CH4. The CO concentrations show

Abstract Despite the importance of methane for climate change mitigation, uncertainties regarding the temporal and spatial variability of the emissions remain. Measurements of CH4 isotopic composition are used to partition the relative contributions of different emission sources. We report continuous isotopic measurements during 5 months at the Lutjewad tower (north of the Netherlands). Time-series

Abstract An optimal network design was carried out to prioritise the installation or refurbishment of greenhouse gas (GHG) monitoring stations around Africa. The network was optimised to reduce the uncertainty in emissions across three of the most important GHGs: CO2, CH4, and N2O. Optimal networks were derived using incremental optimisation of the percentage uncertainty reduction achieved by a Gaussian

The carbon sequestration of plants through photosynthesis is responsible for removal of a substantial amount of the man-made CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. In recent years this so-called land-sink has removed about 30% of the man-made emissions to the atmosphere, with forests being the most important sinks. The land-sink is, however, vulnerable to changes in the environment, such as the atmospheric

Despite the decline in partially (PM10) and fully (PM2.5) inhalable particles observed in recent decades, Santiago in Chile shows high levels of particle and ozone pollution. Attainment plans have emphasized measures aimed at curbing primary and, to some extent, secondary particles, but little attention has been paid to photochemical pollution. Nevertheless, ozone hourly mixing ratios in Eastern Santiago

This work addresses the production of aerosol particles from bursting of air bubbles at the water-air interface. Experiments were performed in a laboratory system designed to minimize bubble interactions. Air bubbles of an equivalent spherical radius of ∼3 mm were generated in both real and artificial seawater at temperatures of 0 and 19 °C respectively. Particle concentrations were measured and used

(2020). Editorial. Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology: Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 1-1.

Abstract During January–March 2011, 29 atmospheric Δ14CO2 samples were measured along the R/V Xuelong cruise track from Zhongshan Station (69.37°S, 76.38°E; Antarctica) to Shanghai. The extent of fossil fuel contamination in the samples was evaluated by comparison with contemporary hemispheric-scale averages of Δ14CO2, together with transport analysis and consideration of the δ13CO2 levels in the samples

Abstract Aerosol particles are major short-lived climate forcers, because of their ability to interact with incoming solar radiation. Therefore, addressing mean levels and sources of Arctic aerosols is of high importance in the battle against climate change, due to the Arctic amplification. In the Eastern Arctic, from Finland to Alaska, only one monitoring station exists (HMO Tiksi) and the levels

Abstract In this study, we utilize aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) and multi-angle absorption photometer (MAAP) measurements to assess the most predominant source regions of various atmospheric aerosol constituents transported to Eastern Finland. The non-refractory composition data from the AMS were measured during three intensive measurements campaigns in autumn 2012, 2014 and 2016, whereas the continuous

Abstract Aerosol emissions in South Asia are large. The emitted aerosols can travel significant distances and, during the Asian southwest monsoon especially, are prone to modification through cloud processing and wet scavenging while being transported. The scale of emissions and transport means that the global climate impact of these aerosols are sensitive to modification en route, but the process-level

Abstract Climate change is not only about changes in means of climatic variables such as temperature, precipitation and wind, but also their extreme values which are of critical importance to human society and ecosystems. To inspire the Swedish climate research community and to promote assessments of international research on past and future changes in extreme weather events against the global climate

Abstract We assembled homogenized long-term time series, up to 19 years, of measurements of net ecosystem exchange of CO2 (NEE) and its partitioning between gross primary production (GPP) and respiration (Reco) for five different ecosystems representing the main plant functional types (PFTs) in France. Part of these data was analyzed to determine the influence of the main environmental variables on

Abstract Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) plays an important role in the carbon cycle, radiative forcing, and biogeochemistry in cryospheric regions. In this study, concentrations, light-absorption properties and bioavailability of DOC from snow cover in Alaska were characterized. Results indicated that average concentrations of DOC in snow of Alaska (0.17 − 0.30 mg L−1) were lower than that found in

Abstract The size distribution, volatility and hygroscopicity of ambient aerosols and cloud residuals were measured with a differential mobility particle sizer (DMPS) and a volatility–hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analyser (VHTDMA) coupled to a counterflow virtual impactor (CVI) inlet during the Cloud and Aerosol Experiment at Åre (CAEsAR) campaign at Mt. Åreskutan during summer 2014

Abstract High-precision triple oxygen isotope analysis of water has given rise to a novel second-order parameter, 17O-excess (often denoted as Δ17O), which describes the deviation from a reference relationship between δ18O and δ17O. This tracer, like deuterium excess (d-excess), is affected by kinetic fractionation (diffusion) during phase changes within the hydrologic cycle. However, unlike d-excess

Abstract Tree-ring stable oxygen isotope (δ18OTR) demonstrates the enormous potential for revealing hydrological climate changes and large-scale atmospheric circulations. Here, we established the 210-year δ18OTR chronology of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. in Baotou, southwest Inner Mongolia, North China. The regional precipitation δ18O (δ18OP) and June-July-August relative humidity (RHJJA) were the two

Abstract The influence of shipping on air quality over the Southern Baltic Sea was investigated by characterizing the horizontal and vertical distribution of aerosols and trace gases using airborne measurements in the summer of 2015. Generally, continental and anthropogenic emissions affected the vertical distribution of atmospheric pollutants, leading to pronounced stratification in and above the

Abstract In this study, the canopy effects on the vertical ozone exchange within and above Californian orchard are investigated. We examined the comprehensive dataset obtained from the Canopy Horizontal Array Turbulence Study (CHATS). CHATS typifies a rural central Californian site, with O3 mixing ratios of less than 60 ppb and moderate NOx mixing ratios. The CHATS campaign covered a complete irrigation

Abstract Precipitation stable isotopes (2H and 18O) are adequately understood on their climate controls in the Tibetan Plateau, especially the north of Himalayas via about 30 years’ studies. However, knowledge of controls on precipitation stable isotopes in Nepal (the south of Himalayas), is still far from sufficient. This study described the intra-seasonal and annual variations of precipitation stable

Abstract Iran and Iraq face a water shortage crisis especially in the recent decade. Hence, the regions with high potential water resources are highly important to these countries. Precipitation sampling for 18O and 2H analyses was conducted in 10 stations in the west of Iran and 2 stations in the east of Iraq during this study. Studying precipitation and its moisture sources using the backward trajectories

Abstract In order to support the very high time resolution required to observe short-term variations in nitrates and all other ions represented by electrical conductivity in polar ice, a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer was developed for measurement of deuterium concentration in ice samples, as an additional support for the timescale of ultra-high resolution. The portable instrument provided

Ozone (O3) soundings have been performed on Easter Island or Rapa Nui (27°S, 23 109°W, 51 m a.s.l.) since 1994 as part of the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) Programme of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). In this work, we analyze 260 soundings compiled over the period 1994-2014, and make the data available for the international community. We characterize O3 profiles over this remote area