As people desire contact with the natural environment and comfortable living, modern buildings are increasingly incorporating the design of courtyard spaces. Hence, it is of interest to investigate the fungal air quality of courtyard spaces. This study aimed to investigate seasonal patterns of airborne fungal concentration, particle-size distribution, and taxonomic composition by using air microbial

Based on the ground-level observed NO2 concentration, satellite-observed NO2 column concentration from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and meteorological parameters, we comprehensively consider the seasonal and regional differences in the relationship between NO2 column concentration and measured NO2 concentration and establish a two-stage combined ground NO2 concentration estimation (TSCE-NO2)

This study explored the interspecies and seasonal variation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the extracted lipids of the leaves of seven local plants in an urban environment of Kolkata (22°33′N and 88°20′E), India. Based on the degree of toxicity and carcinogenicity (expressed in terms of their Benzo(a)pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) concentrations) the overall foliar-PAH accumulation during

Daily PM2.5 samples were collected at a rural site in North China for four consecutive seasons from summer of 2015 to spring of 2016. Results revealed that the studied rural area suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution with its annual average concentration of 109.6 ± 45.0 μg m−3, which was about 3.1 times higher than the national air quality standard of China. Among all identified species, water soluble

Particulate matter (PM) from pig farms are pollutants affecting human health and the environmental. The information on this topic is limited in China to date. A one-year study to monitor the dynamics of total suspended particles (TSP), particulate matter with diameter less than 10 μm (PM10) and 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was conducted in three pig fattening facilities of a commercial pig farm in Beijing, China

Due to the enclosed environment and large quantities of particulates in vehicle exhaust, shopping mall parking garages are a hotspot for exposure to pedestrians and staff. This study conducted two-week continuous field measurements focusing on traffic and pedestrian flows, thermal environment, and particle mass concentrations in a commercial garage in Dalian, China. The relationship between traffic

To investigate the trends of chemical characteristics of precipitation in Taiyuan, and factors influencing their variations, a total of 350 precipitation samples were collected from April 2011 to November 2018. The principal water-soluble ions were measured by ion chromatography. PH value (4.34–8.72) was recorded and 14% of all samples were acidic, and was negatively correlated with rainfall amount

For the first time, mobile campaign and building monitoring experiments were conducted in downtown Seoul, Korea during the 2018/2019 winter period to assess the possibility of the co-benefit of CO2 emission reduction and air quality improvement. Given that CO2 and air pollutants in cities both originate from fossil fuel combustion, monitoring urban CO2 concentrations using a mobile vehicle and from

Climate change is expected to have a major impact on agriculture in China. It affects agricultural background nitrous oxide emissions (BNE) through warming or cooling and precipitation changes, but the related mechanisms remain poorly understood. Therefore, using projections of future climate derived from a multi-model ensemble under three representative concentration pathway scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4

The adverse health effects from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure have attracted much attention. However, the method to evaluate individual PM2.5 exposure levels in large populations has always been a challenging task. We conducted this study to explore the relationships of ambient PM2.5, meteorological conditions and personal lifestyles with personal PM2.5 exposure and establish an estimated

To study the wet removal effect of rainfall on the air pollutants in Sichuan Basin, the WRF-Chem model is adopted to simulate the changes of air pollutant concentrations before and after a rainfall episode. The results show that continuous rainfall with small-magnitude rainfall (0.3–0.5 mm h−1) has an obvious effect in reducing the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, SO2 and NO2 except for O3. There is

Atmospheric boundary layer perturbations were monitored during an annular solar eclipse event on December 26, 2019 to understand its impact on the meteorological parameters (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and wind direction) and trace gas concentrations (O3, NO, NO2, NH3, CO, and HONO) at Calicut (11.24° N, 75.78° E), a tropical city along the coastal belt of Arabian Sea in the southwest

This study assessed particulate emissions characteristics from two flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs) equipped with port fuel injection (PFI) and gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines. Emissions testing was conducted over the Federal Test Procedure on E10, E51, and E83, and an iso-butanol blend (iBut55). The results showed significantly higher particulate matter (PM) emissions for the GDI-FFV compared

Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) have been the focus of extensive in environmental research due to their strong enrichment and high toxicity. Although their concentrations in snow are usually considered important indicators for assessing regional and global atmospheric environments, few studies have focused on the biogeochemical cycling behavior of Hg and As in snow, especially in northeastern China.

The Urmia Lake, a hypersaline lake in Northwest Iran is facing a severe drying scenario. The dried part of the lake can act as a source of salt particles that may contaminate the atmosphere of the lake and its surrounding regions. We used the CALIPSO satellite recordings on particulate depolarization ratio (PDR) and aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 532 nm as well as MODIS AOD at 550 nm during June 2006

The daily association between mortality and air pollution is alarming and there is consistent evidence that air pollution has short-term effects on mortality and respiratory morbidity. Accurate predictions of these health effects of air pollution are essential for efficient planning of various sectors related to economic performances as well as strategic management to improve human health and air quality

We analyzed particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from 4 urban sites (Wuwei, Zhangye, Jiuquan and Dunhuang) located on the Silk Road of Northwest China in summer and winter of 2018 for water-soluble ions, carbonaceous aerosols and heavy metals. The focus was to examine patterns in mass concentration, chemical nature and predominant sources. The average concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in this region

Increasing the number of heat extremes is the global problem associated with the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The cause-effect relationships between the increase in average temperature and the greenhouse gases contents in the atmosphere are not completely determined. The monitoring data of the gases (methane, water vapor, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide) and meteorological conditions on the Russia

Atmospheric pollutant emissions from industry and traffic are causing pressing air quality and climate issues in urban areas. This study aims to estimate the emissions from road transport and small industry in Kuala Lumpur, and to review the spatial distribution of the estimated emissions. The emission data for 2015 from small industries and road traffic for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and NOx was collated

Solar eclipse (with maximum obscuration of 85.3% and magnitude of 0.893) occurred on 26 December 2019 during morning hours (08:10 to 11:15 LT with a peak at 09:33 LT) over Gadanki (13.5oN, 79.2oE) has provided a unique opportunity to test the hypothesis of ‘Extended Fumigation Effect’ or ‘Second Fumigation’ on the surface and boundary layer pollutants. To capture this event, a campaign using multi-instrument

Ozone episodes were observed frequently in Biga Peninsula of Marmara region in Turkey which is suburban site and has forests and agricultural areas. This study aims to understand the role of atmospheric conditions that lead to the ozone episodes over the Biga Peninsula. Ozone concentrations were measured at the monitoring stations for three years (2013–2015) to identify and characterize the ozone episodes

Eco-driving is designed to reduce fuel consumption and emissions by the improvement of driving behaviors. The objective of this work is to propose some eco-driving behavior suggestions by analyzing the impact of driving behaviors on vehicle emissions. A Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) was used to collect emissions and microscopic driving behavior data. Then the multi-dimensional characteristics

Accurate nationwide spatiotemporal distribution of ambient ozone product is critical for environment & health departments and for researches to investigate the influence of ozone for epidemiological studies. Our hybrid method, the novel CAMS (The Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service) ozone improvement (CAO3_I) method, is the first attempt to predict ambient ozone by improving CAMS ozone (CAO3)

Vertical observations of ozone (O3) and fine aerosol particles (PM2.5) below 3000 m above ground level were made by an O3 lidar and two hexacopter unmanned aerial system (UAS) platforms to investigate vertical distributions of the boundary-layer O3 and PM2.5 and their effects on surface air quality. Field observations were conducted in Shanghai, China before, during, and after the G20 Summit (Hangzhou)

This study obtained the first dataset on the solubilities and partitioning of metals and metalloids (MMs), including Al, As, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W, Y, Zn, and Zr, during spring rains in Moscow. MM concentrations were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and atomic emission spectroscopy

Northeastern China (NEC) has experienced serious environmental problems by energy consumption and domestic emission. This paper reviews an extreme haze event occurred in Shenyang, NEC, on 5–9 January 2017. The meteorological data, extinction coefficients from ground-based Lidar and aerosol optical products from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to study this pollution

A year-long offline based study was performed at five sites of Indo-Gangetic plain to get the spatio-temporal variation in elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in PM2.5 fraction. OC constitutes ∼70–90% of the total carbon with high water-soluble fraction (60–70%) during winter, except at Hisar. The change in concentration

To investigate the contributions of atmospheric particulate matter less than 2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) to heavy air pollution events in Fen-Wei Plain, China and identify their sources, a combination of wavelet analysis and low-atomic number (Z) particle electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was utilized in a typical haze episode lasting 10 days (from Nov. 11 to 20, 2016) at Jinzhong

Studying the source-specific health risks of trace metals in PM2.5 is important for controlling its emission sources that are hazardous to human health. In this study, PM2.5-bound trace metals were analyzed during winter, spring, summer, and autumn in 2018 in Changzhi, a typical industrial city in China. The results revealed that the annual concentration of total trace metals in PM2.5 was 7531.9 ng m−3

Mersin is industrialized city with 1.8 million people, a dense port, and different industries. The region is under the influence of mineral dust transport originated from the arid and semi-arid regions, mainly in spring and autumn. Planetary boundary layer height (PBLH) is one of major parameters influencing surface air quality. In this study, the relationship between particulate matters having diameter

Air pollution poses significant threat to human health and the environment, as well as millions of people's quality of life. Air pollution in Jakarta, one of the megacities in Asia, has attracted concern from the government and the public. Long term air quality monitoring of fine and coarse atmospheric particulate matter (PM) was conducted in Central Jakarta from 2010 to 2019. The PM samples were collected

This paper presents a field campaign conducted in two French elementary schools for 5 weeks aiming at identifying effects of occupation and ventilation practices on indoor aldehyde concentrations and discriminating aldehyde emission from building materials and furniture. The investigated classrooms were first empty and not occupied whereas the furniture was added the following week. Normal school activities

Taj Mahal, an iconic monument at Agra, India, is faced with the high air pollution levels, affecting its facade. A study was undertaken at the Taj Mahal (June 7–26, 2018) to measure PM2.5, PM10, TSP and their chemical composition: metals, ions, elemental and organic carbons and molecular markers (polyaromatic hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, hopanes and sterols). The objectives of the study were to (i) assess

Anthropogenic activities such as mining, metal extraction from ores and smelting are important sources of environmental pollution with toxic elements. Knowing the spatial distribution of soil pollution around these sources is important for dealing with the risk situation. The objective of this study was to determine factors and processes dominating the spatial distribution of copper (Cu), and a variety

This study investigates the relationship between particulate matter that have an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 diameter (PM10) and air temperature (T) in the Caribbean basin. To conduct this analysis, eleven years of daily time series recorded in Guadeloupe archipelago were used. Firstly, the stationarity threshold of both time series is quantified using the infinite moving average. Then, statistical

With China's economic development, air pollution has become increasingly serious. Studying the concentration of PM2.5, as the main component of haze, is the key to control air quality. Extent research lacks spatiotemporal correlations and full regional coverage. Therefore, a fine-grained prediction method was developed for continuous prediction of station-specific and regional PM2.5 concentrations

The real-world emission factors (EFs) and emission performance of bi-fuel (CNG/GAS) vehicles have been seriously investigated by the emission scientists and urban planners. In the present study, we propose an almost new practical methodology and perform on-road experiments on 60 bi-fuel vehicles to discuss the impacts of vehicle speed, fuel type, usage, and accumulated mileage on the CO, HC, and NOx

Comprehensive air monitoring of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) was conducted at four residential sites (three in the town and one in a suburb) in Pohang, where Korea's largest iron-steel industrial complex is located. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence and spatiotemporal distributions of HAPs and to identify important HAPs based on a health risk assessment. The 130 HAPs that

Aerosol particles have been shown to trigger cardiovascular and respiratory diseases in populations living in polluted regions, depending on their size and composition. Although fine aerosol particles have been found to reach the lungs and the blood stream, their acute effects are related to the fraction of ultrafine aerosol particles (i.e., UFPs, d < 0.1 μm). In the present study, the concentration

An air pollution process in Jiangsu Province on December 22–23, 2016 is discussed by analyzing various data set, including the meteorological observation data, the reanalysis data from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the Air Quality Index (AQI), the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations data, and the airflow backward trajectory model of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Ambient air pollution kills over four million people every year globally. Improving air quality presents a complex problem for governments as emissions are produced from a wide range of sources and tend to cross boundaries. To understand the challenge of transboundary air pollution transfer, we use a detailed emissions inventory and a source-oriented chemical transport model to explore state-to-state

The Guanzhong Basin (GZB) has exhibited an obvious air pollution zone in the cold season in recent years. The variability of haze days combined with dynamic circulation was investigated using meteorological observation data and ERA-5 reanalysis data. The results show that large-scale and mountain-valley circulation, local meteorological factors and mountains affected the variability of severe haze