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First validation of high-resolution satellite-derived methane emissions from an active gas leak in the UK Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Emily Dowd, Alistair J. Manning, Bryn Orth-Lashley, Marianne Girard, James France, Rebecca E. Fisher, Dave Lowry, Mathias Lanoisellé, Joseph R. Pitt, Kieran M. Stanley, Simon O'Doherty, Dickon Young, Glen Thistlethwaite, Martyn P. Chipperfield, Emanuel Gloor, Chris Wilson
Abstract. Atmospheric methane (CH4) is the second-most-important anthropogenic greenhouse gas and has a 20-year global warming potential 82 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2). Anthropogenic sources account for ∼ 60 % of global CH4 emissions, of which 20 % come from oil and gas exploration, production and distribution. High-resolution satellite-based imaging spectrometers are becoming important
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In situ observations of supercooled liquid water clouds over Dome C, Antarctica by balloon-borne sondes Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-18 Philippe Ricaud, Pierre Durand, Paolo Grigioni, Massimo Del Guasta, Giuseppe Camporeale, Axel Roy, Jean-Luc Attié, John Bognar
Abstract. Clouds in Antarctica are key elements that affect radiative forcing and thus Antarctic climate evolution. Although the vast majority of clouds are composed of ice crystals, a non-negligible fraction is constituted of supercooled liquid water (SLW, water held in liquid form below 0 °C). Numerical weather prediction models have a great difficulty to forecast SLW clouds over Antarctica favouring
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Enhancing consistency of microphysical properties of precipitation across the melting layer in dual-frequency precipitation radar data Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Kamil Mroz, Alessandro Battaglia, Ann M. Fridlind
Abstract. Stratiform rain and the overlying ice play crucial roles in Earth's climate system. From a microphysics standpoint, water mass flux primarily depends on two variables: particles' concentration and their mass. The Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation Measurement mission core satellite is a spaceborne instrument capable of estimating these two quantities through
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A novel infrared imager for studies of hydroxyl and oxygen nightglow emissions in the mesopause above northern Scandinavia Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Peter Dalin, Urban Brändström, Johan Kero, Peter Voelger, Takanori Nishiyama, Trond Trondsen, Devin Wyatt, Craig Unick, Vladimir Perminov, Nikolay Pertsev, Jonas Hedin
Abstract. The paper describes technical characteristics and presents the first scientific results of a novel infrared imaging system (imager) for studies of nightglow emissions coming from the hydroxyl (OH) and molecular oxygen (O2) layers in the mesopause region (80–100 km) above northern Scandinavia. The OH imager was put into operation in November 2022 at the Swedish Institute of Space Physics in
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First evaluation of the GEMS glyoxal products against TROPOMI and ground-based measurements Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Eunjo S. Ha, Rokjin J. Park, Hyeong-Ahn Kwon, Gitaek T. Lee, Sieun D. Lee, Seunga Shin, Dong-Won Lee, Hyunkee Hong, Christophe Lerot, Isabelle De Smedt, Francois Hendrick, Hitoshi Irie
Abstract. The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) aboard the GEO-KOMPSAT-2B satellite is the first geostationary satellite launched to monitor the environment. GEMS conducts hourly measurements during the day over East and Southeast Asia. This work presents glyoxal (CHOCHO) vertical column densities (VCDs) retrieved from GEMS, with optimal settings for glyoxal retrieval based on
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Improved Mean Field Estimates of GEMS AOD L3 Product: Using Spatio-temporal Variability Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-15 Sooyon Kim, Yeseul Cho, Hanjeong Ki, Seyoung Park, Dagun Oh, Seungjun Lee, Yeonghye Cho, Jhoon Kim, Wonjin Lee, Jaewoo Park, Ick Hoon Jin, Sangwook Kang
Abstract. This study presents advancements in the processing of satellite remote sensing data, focusing mainly on Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) retrievals from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS). The transformation of Level 2 (L2) data, which includes atmospheric state retrievals, into higher-quality Level 3 (L3) data is crucial in remote sensing. Our contributions lie in two
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Optimization of a direct detection UV wind lidar architecture for 3D wind reconstruction at high altitude Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-14 Thibault Boulant, Tomline Michel, Matthieu Valla
Abstract. An architecture for a UV wind lidar dedicated to measuring vertical and lateral wind in front of an aircraft for gust load alleviation is presented. To optimize performance and robustness, it includes a fiber laser architecture and a Quadri Mach-Zehnder (QMZ) interferometer with a robust design to spectrally analyze the backscattered light. Different lidar parameters have been selected to
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Characterization of the Vaporization Inlet for Aerosols (VIA) for online measurements of particulate highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Jian Zhao, Valter Mickwitz, Yuanyuan Luo, Ella Häkkinen, Frans Graeffe, Jiangyi Zhang, Hilkka Timonen, Manjula Canagaratna, Jordan E. Krechmer, Qi Zhang, Markku Kulmala, Juha Kangasluoma, Douglas Worsnop, Mikael Ehn
Abstract. Particulate matter has major climate and health impacts, and it is therefore of utmost importance to be able to measure the composition of these particles to gain insights into their sources and characteristics. Many methods, both offline and online, have been employed over the years to achieve this goal. One of the most recent developments is the Vaporization Inlet for Aerosols (VIA) coupled
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Assessment of the contribution of IRS for the characterisation of ozone over Europe Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Francesca Vittorioso, Vincent Guidard, Nadia Fourrié
Abstract. In the coming years, EUMETSAT’s Meteosat Third Generation – S (MTG-S) satellites will be launched with an instrument of valuable features on board. The MTG – Infrared Sounder (IRS) will represent a major innovation for the monitoring of the chemical state of the atmosphere, since, at present, observations of these parameters mainly come from in situ measurements (geographically uneven) and
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Absorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by polymer tubing: implications for indoor air and use as a simple gas-phase volatility separation technique Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Melissa A. Morris, Demetrios Pagonis, Douglas A. Day, Joost A. de Gouw, Paul J. Ziemann, Jose L. Jimenez
Abstract. Previous studies have demonstrated volatility-dependent absorption of gas-phase volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to Teflon and other polymers. Polymer–VOC interactions are relevant for atmospheric chemistry sampling, as gas–wall partitioning in polymer tubing can cause delays and biases during measurements. They are also relevant to the study of indoor chemistry, where polymer-based materials
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Algorithm evaluation for polarimetric remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Otto Hasekamp, Pavel Litvinov, Guangliang Fu, Cheng Chen, Oleg Dubovik
Abstract. From a passive satellite remote sensing point of view, the richest set of information on aerosol properties can be obtained from instruments that measure both intensity and polarization of backscattered sunlight at multiple wavelengths and multiple viewing angles for one ground pixel. However, it is challenging to exploit this information at a global scale because complex algorithms are needed
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Analysis of the measurement uncertainty for a 3D wind-LiDAR Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Wolf Knöller, Gholamhossein Bagheri, Philipp von Olshausen, Michael Wilczek
Abstract. High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) wind velocity measurements are of major importance for the characterization of atmospheric turbulence. The use of a multi-beam wind-LiDAR focusing on a measurement volume from different directions is a promising approach for obtaining such wind data. This paper provides a detailed study on the propagation of measurement uncertainty of a three-beam wind-LiDAR
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Diurnal variations of NO2 tropospheric vertical column density over the Seoul Metropolitan Area from the Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS): seasonal differences and impacts of varying a priori NO2 profile data Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-12 Seunghwan Seo, Si-Wan Kim, Kyoung-Min Kim, Andreas Richter, Kezia Lange, John Philip Burrows, Junsung Park, Hyunkee Hong, Hanlim Lee, Ukkyo Jeong, Jhoon Kim
Abstract. Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS), launched in 2020, provides both temporally and spatially continuous air quality data from geostationary Earth orbit (GEO). In this study, we analyzed seasonal characteristics of GEMS tropospheric NO2 vertical column density (NO2 TropVCD) diurnal patterns and impacts of a priori data from diverse chemical transport model (CTM) simulations
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Performance characterization of a laminar gas inlet Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Da Yang, Margarita Reza, Roy Mauldin, Rainer Volkamer, Suresh Dhaniyala
Abstract. Aircraft-based measurements enable large-scale characterization of gas-phase atmospheric composition, but these measurements are complicated by the challenges of sampling from high-speed flow. Under such sampling conditions, the sample flow will likely experience turbulence, accelerating and mixing of potential contamination of the gas-phase from the condensed-phase components on walls, and
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Quantifying riming from airborne data during the HALO-(AC)3 campaign Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Nina Maherndl, Manuel Moser, Johannes Lucke, Mario Mech, Nils Risse, Imke Schirmacher, Maximilian Maahn
Abstract. Riming is a key precipitation formation process in mixed-phase clouds which efficiently converts cloud liquid to ice water. Here, we present two methods to quantify riming of ice particles from airborne observations with the normalized rime mass, which is the ratio of rime mass to the mass of a size-equivalent spherical graupel particle. We use data obtained during the HALO-(AC)3 aircraft
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The algorithm of microphysical parameter profiles of aerosol and small cloud droplets based on the dual wavelength Lidar data Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Huige Di, Xinhong Wang, Ning Chen, Jing Guo, Wenhui Xin, Shichun Li, Yan Guo, Qing Yan, Yufeng Wang, Dengxin Hua
Abstract. This study proposed an inversion method of atmosphere aerosol or cloud microphysical parameters based on dual wavelength lidar data. The matching characteristics between aerosol/cloud particle size distribution and Gamma distribution were studied using aircraft observation data. The feasibility of particle effective radius retrieval from lidar ratio and backscatter ratio was simulated and
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On the temperature stability requirements of free-running Nd:YAG lasers for atmospheric temperature profiling through the rotational Raman technique Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 José Alex Zenteno-Hernández, Adolfo Comerón, Federico Dios, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Michaël Sicard, Noemi Franco, Andreas Behrendt, Paolo Di Girolamo
Abstract. We assess the temperature stability requirements of unseeded Nd:YAG lasers in lidar systems for atmospheric temperature profiling through the rotational Raman technique. Taking as a reference a system using a seeded laser assumed to emit pulses of negligible spectral width and wavelength-drift free, we estimate first the effect of the pulse spectral widening of the unseeded laser on the output
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High resolution wind speed measurements with quadcopter UAS: calibration and verification in a wind tunnel with active grid Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-11 Johannes Kistner, Lars Neuhaus, Norman Wildmann
Abstract. As a contribution to closing observational gaps in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), the SWUF-3D fleet of unmanned aerial systems (UAS) is utilized for in situ measurements of turbulence. To date, the algorithm for wind measurement has only been calibrated in the free field. We therefore present in this work the calibration and verification under laboratory conditions. The UAS measurements
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Modelling of cup anemometry and dynamic overspeeding in average wind speed measurements Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Troels Friis Pedersen, Jan-Åke Dahlberg
Abstract. Cup anemometers measure average wind speed in the atmosphere and have been used for one and a half centuries by meteorologists. Within the last half century, cup anemometers have been used extensively in wind energy to measure wind resources and performance of wind turbines. Meteorologists researched cup anemometer behaviour and found dynamic overspeeding to be an inherent and significant
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Innovative Cloud Quantification: Deep Learning Classification and Finite Element Clustering for Ground-Based All Sky Imaging Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Jingxuan Luo, Yubing Pan, Debin Su, Jinhua Zhong, Lingxiao Wu, Wei Zhao, Xiaoru Hu, Zhengchao Qi, Daren Lu, Yinan Wang
Abstract. Accurate cloud quantification is essential in climate change research. In this work, we construct an automated computer vision framework by synergistically incorporating deep neural networks and finite element clustering to achieve robust whole sky image-based cloud classification, adaptive segmentation, and recognition under intricate illumination dynamics. A bespoke YOLOv8 architecture
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Significant Influence of UV-vis Irradiation on Cloud Activation Efficiencies of Ammonium Sulfate Aerosols under Simulated Chamber Conditions Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 Anil Kumar Mandariya, Junteng Wu, Anne Monod, Paola Formenti, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Mathieu Cazaunau, Stephan Mertes, Laurent Poulain, Antonin Berge, Edouard Pangui, Andreas Tilgner, Thomas Schaefer, Liang Wen, Hartmut Herrmann, Jean-François Doussin
Abstract. In this work, an optimized protocol to generate an expansion-type liquid clouds with and without UV-visible light irradiation conditions for simulation chamber studies is presented. Sensitivity of the process to key parameters such as initial relative humidities, temperature inhomogeneities, droplets lifetime or seed particle number is illustrated. The obtained clouds have shown that not
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Optimal estimation of cloud properties from thermal infrared observations with a combination of deep learning and radiative transfer simulation Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-08 He Huang, Quan Wang, Chao Liu, Chen Zhou
Abstract. While traditional thermal infrared retrieval algorithms based on radiative transfer models (RTM) could not effectively retrieve the cloud optical thickness of thick clouds, machine learning based algorithms were found to be able to provide reasonable estimations for both daytime and nighttime. Nevertheless, stand-alone machine learning algorithms are occasionally criticized for the lack of
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Validation of initial observation from the first spaceborne high-spectral-resolution lidar with a ground-based lidar network Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Qiantao Liu, Zhongwei Huang, Jiqiao Liu, Weibiao Chen, Qingqing Dong, Songhua Wu, Guangyao Dai, Meishi Li, Wuren Li, Ze Li, Xiaodong Song, Yuan Xie
Abstract. On 16 April 2022, China successfully launched the world's first spaceborne high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL), which is called the Aerosol and Carbon Detection Lidar (ACDL), on board the Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Satellite known as Daqi-1 (DQ-1). The ACDL is expected to precisely detect the three-dimensional distribution of aerosol and cloud globally with high spatial–temporal
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Total Column Optical Depths Retrieved from CALIPSO Lidar Ocean Surface Backscatter Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Robert A. Ryan, Mark A. Vaughan, Sharon D. Rodier, Jason L. Tackett, John A. Reagan, Richard A. Ferrare, Johnathan W. Hair, Brian J. Getzewich
Abstract. This paper introduces the new Ocean Derived Column Optical Depth (ODCOD) algorithm. ODCOD is now being used to retrieve column optical depths from the 532 nm measurements acquired by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) spacecraft. ODCOD retrieves total column optical depths using
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Polarization upgrade of specMACS: calibration and characterization of the 2D RGB polarization-resolving cameras Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Anna Weber, Tobias Kölling, Veronika Pörtge, Andreas Baumgartner, Clemens Rammeloo, Tobias Zinner, Bernhard Mayer
Abstract. The spectrometer of the Munich Aerosol Cloud Scanner (specMACS) is a high-spatial-resolution hyperspectral and polarized imaging system. It is operated from a nadir-looking perspective aboard the German High Altitude and LOng range (HALO) research aircraft and is mainly used for the remote sensing of clouds. In 2019, its two hyperspectral line cameras, which are sensitive to the wavelength
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Deep learning tool: Reconstruction of long missing climate data based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-07 Zhang Yan, Xu Tianxin, Zhang Chenjia, Ma Daokun
Abstract. Long-term monitoring of climate data is significant for grasping the law and development trend of climate change and guaranteeing food security. However, some weather stations lack monitoring data for even decades. In this study, 62 years of historical monitoring data from 105 weather stations in Xinjiang were used for missing sequence prediction, validating proposed data reconstruction tool
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The importance of digital elevation model accuracy in XCO2 retrievals: improving the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space version 11 retrieval product Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Nicole Jacobs, Christopher W. O'Dell, Thomas E. Taylor, Thomas L. Logan, Brendan Byrne, Matthäus Kiel, Rigel Kivi, Pauli Heikkinen, Aronne Merrelli, Vivienne H. Payne, Abhishek Chatterjee
Abstract. Knowledge of surface pressure is essential for calculating column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of trace gases, such as CO2 (XCO2). In the NASA Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2) Atmospheric Carbon Observations from Space (ACOS) retrieval algorithm, the retrieved surface pressures have been found to have unacceptable errors, warranting a parametric bias correction. This correction depends
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Surface equilibrium vapor pressure of organic nanoparticles measured from the Dynamic-aerosol-size Electrical Mobility Spectrometer Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Ella Häkkinen, Huan Yang, Runlong Cai, Juha Kangasluoma
Abstract. Aerosol particles undergo continuous changes in their chemical composition and physical properties throughout their lifecycles, leading to diverse climate and health impacts. In particular, organic nanoparticle’s surface equilibrium vapor pressure stands as a critical factor for gas-particle partitioning and is pivotal for understanding the evolution of aerosol properties. Herein, we present
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Development of a HAMSTER: Hyperspectral Albedo Maps dataset with high Spatial and TEmporal Resolution Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Giulia Roccetti, Luca Bugliaro, Felix Gödde, Claudia Emde, Ulrich Hamann, Mihail Manev, Michael Fritz Sterzik, Cedric Wehrum
Abstract. Surface albedo is an important parameter in radiative transfer simulations of the Earth's system, as it is fundamental to correctly calculate the energy budget of the planet. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites continuously monitor daily and yearly changes in reflection at the planetary surface. The MODIS Surface Reflectance
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Double moment normalization of hail size number distributions over Switzerland Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-06 Alfonso Ferrone, Jérôme Kopp, Martin Lainer, Marco Gabella, Urs Germann, Alexis Berne
Abstract. Measurements of hailstone diameters and kinetic energy, collected by the Swiss network of automatic hail sensors, are available in three regions of Switzerland for the period between September 2018 and August 2023. In this study, we propose the use of double moment normalization for modeling the hail size number distribution (HSND), which is defined as the number of hailstone impacts measured
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ACDL/DQ-1 Calibration Algorithms. Part I: Nighttime 532 nm Polarization and High-Spectral-Resolution Channel Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Fanqian Meng, Junwu Tang, Guangyao Dai, Wenrui Long, Kangwen Sun, Zhiyu Zhang, Xiaoquan Song, Jiqiao Liu, Weibiao Chen, Songhua Wu
Abstract. The Atmospheric Environment Monitoring Satellite (DQ-1) was successfully launched in April 2022, with the capability of providing continuous multi-sensor spatial and optical simultaneous observations of carbon dioxide, aerosols and clouds. The primary payload carried on DQ-1 is an Aerosol and Carbon dioxide Detection Lidar (ACDL). The instrument comprises a high-spectral-resolution channel
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Current potential of CH4 emission estimates using TROPOMI in the Middle East Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Mengyao Liu, Ronald van der A, Michiel van Weele, Lotte Bryan, Henk Eskes, Pepijn Veefkind, Yongxue Liu, Xiaojuan Lin, Jos de Laat, Jieying Ding
Abstract. An improved divergence method has been developed to estimate annual methane (CH4) emissions from TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) observations. It has been applied to the period of 2018 to 2021 over the Middle East, where the orography is complicated, and the mean mixing ratio of methane (XCH4) might be affected by albedos or aerosols over some locations. To adapt to extreme changes
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Estimation of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) Emissions in Forest Ecosystems Using Drone-Based Lidar, Photogrammetry, and Image Recognition Technologies Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-04 Xianzhong Duan, Ming Chang, Guotong Wu, Suping Situ, Shengjie Zhu, Qi Zhang, Yibo Huangfu, Weiwen Wang, Weihua Chen, Xuemei Wang
Abstract. Biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), as a crucial component that impacts atmospheric chemistry and ecological interactions with various organisms, play a significant role in the atmosphere-ecosystem relationship. However, traditional field observation methods are challenging to accurately estimate BVOCs emissions in forest ecosystems with high biodiversity, leading to significant
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Aerosol trace element solubility determined using ultrapure water batch leaching: an intercomparison study of four different leaching protocols Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Rui Li, Prema Piyusha Panda, Yizhu Chen, Zhenming Zhu, Fu Wang, Yujiao Zhu, He Meng, Yan Ren, Ashwini Kumar, Mingjin Tang
Abstract. Solubility of aerosol trace elements, which determines their bioavailability and reactivity, is operationally defined and strongly depends on the leaching protocol used. Ultrapure water batch leaching is one of the most widely used leaching protocols, while the specific leaching protocols used in different labs can still differ in agitation methods, contact time, and filter pore size. It
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Level0 to Level1B processor for MethaneAIR Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Eamon K. Conway, Amir H. Souri, Joshua Benmergui, Kang Sun, Xiong Liu, Carly Staebell, Christopher Chan Miller, Jonathan Franklin, Jenna Samra, Jonas Wilzewski, Sebastien Roche, Bingkun Luo, Apisada Chulakadabba, Maryann Sargent, Jacob Hohl, Bruce Daube, Iouli Gordon, Kelly Chance, Steven Wofsy
Abstract. This work presents the development of the MethaneAIR Level0–Level1B processor, which converts raw L0 data to calibrated and georeferenced L1B data. MethaneAIR is the airborne simulator for MethaneSAT, a new satellite under development by MethaneSAT LLC, a subsidiary of the Environmental Defense Fund (EDF). MethaneSAT's goals are to precisely map over 80 % of the production sources of methane
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A new software toolkit for optical apportionment of carbonaceous aerosol Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-29 Tommaso Isolabella, Vera Bernardoni, Alessandro Bigi, Marco Brunoldi, Federico Mazzei, Franco Parodi, Paolo Prati, Virginia Vernocchi, Dario Massabò
Abstract. Instruments measuring aerosol light absorption, such as the Aethalometer and the Multi-Wavelength Absorbance Analyzer (MWAA), have been extensively used to characterize optical absorption of atmospheric particulate matter. Data retrieved with such instruments can be analysed with mathematical models to apportion different aerosol sources (Aethalometer model) and components (MWAA model). In
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Quantifying the uncertainties in thermal-optical analysis of carbonaceous aircraft engine emissions: An interlaboratory study Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-27 Timothy Sipkens, Joel Corbin, Brett Smith, Stephanie Gagné, Prem Lobo, Benjamin Brem, Mark Johnson, Gregory Smallwood
Abstract. Carbonaceous particles, such as soot, make up a notable fraction of atmospheric particulate matter and contribute substantially to anthropogenic climate forcing, air pollution, and human health. Thermal-optical analysis (TOA) is one of the most widespread methods used to speciate carbonaceous particles and divides total carbon (TC) into the operationally defined quantities of organic carbon
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Exploiting the entire near-infrared spectral range to improve the detection of methane plumes with high-resolution imaging spectrometers Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Javier Roger, Luis Guanter, Javier Gorroño, Itziar Irakulis-Loitxate
Abstract. Remote sensing emerges as an important tool for the detection of methane plumes emitted by so-called point sources, which are common in the energy sector (e.g., oil and gas extraction and coal mining activities). In particular, satellite imaging spectroscopy missions covering the shortwave infrared part of the solar spectrum are very effective for this application. These instruments sample
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Consideration of the cloud motion for aircraft-based stereographically derived cloud geometry and cloud top heights Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Lea Volkmer, Tobias Kölling, Tobias Zinner, Bernhard Mayer
Abstract. Cloud geometry and in particular cloud top heights can be derived from 2-D camera measurements by applying a stereographic method to data from an overflight over a scene of clouds (see e.g. Koelling et al., 2019). Although airplane overpasses are relatively fast, cloud motion with the wind is important and can result in errors in the cloud localization. Here, the impact of the wind is investigated
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The differences between remote sensing and in situ air pollutants measurements over the Canadian Oil Sands Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Xiaoyi Zhao, Vitali Fioletov, Debora Griffin, Chris McLinden, Ralf Staebler, Cristian Mihele, Kevin Strawbridge, Jonathan Davies, Ihab Abboud, Sum Chi Lee, Alexander Cede, Martin Tiefengraber, Robert Swap
Abstract. Ground-based remote sensing instruments have been widely used for atmospheric research but applications for air quality monitoring remain limited. Compared to an in situ instrument that provides air quality conditions at the ground level, most remote sensing instruments are sensitive to a broad range of altitudes, often providing only integrated column observations. These column data can
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Information Content of Brightness Temperature Differences of Spaceborne Imagers with respect to Cloud Phase Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-26 Johanna Mayer, Bernhard Mayer, Luca Bugliaro, Ralf Meerkötter, Christiane Voigt
Abstract. This study investigates the sensitivity of two brightness temperature differences (BTDs) in the infrared (IR) window of the SEVIRI imager to various cloud parameters in order to better understand their information content, with a focus on cloud thermodynamic phase. To this end, this study presents radiative transfer calculations, providing an overview of the relative importance of all radiatively
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Validation and field application of a low-cost device to measure CO2 and evapotranspiration (ET) fluxes Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Reena Macagga, Michael Asante, Geoffroy Sossa, Danica Antonijević, Maren Dubbert, Mathias Hoffmann
Abstract. Mitigating the global climate crisis and its consequences, such as more frequent and severe droughts, is one of the major challenges for future agriculture. Therefore, identifying land use systems and management practices that reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promote water use efficiency (WUE) is crucial. This, however, requires accurate and precise measurements of carbon dioxide
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Ship- and aircraft-based XCH4 over oceans as a new tool for satellite validation Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Astrid Müller, Hiroshi Tanimoto, Takafumi Sugita, Prabir K. Patra, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Toshinobu Machida, Isamu Morino, André Butz, Kei Shiomi
Abstract. Satellite-based estimations of dry-air column-averaged mixing ratios of methane (XCH4) contribute to a better understanding of changes in CH4 emission sources and variations in its atmospheric growth rates. High accuracy of the satellite measurements is required, and therefore, extensive validation is performed, mainly against the Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON). However, validation
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Validation of 12 years (2008–2019) of IASI-CO with IAGOS aircraft observations Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Brice Barret, Pierre Loicq, Eric Le Flochmoën, Yasmine Bennouna, Juliette Hadji-Lazaro, Daniel Hurtmans, Bastien Sauvage
Abstract. IASI-A, B and C (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) are nadir looking thermal infrared sensors which are monitoring the atmospheric composition since 2008. Atmospheric Carbon monoxide (CO) is retrieved from IASI radiances with two algorithms: the SOftware for a Fast Retrieval of IASI Data (SOFRID) and the Fast Optimal Retrievals on Layers for IASI (FORLI). The airborne in-situ
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Improved CCD tropospheric ozone from S5P TROPOMI satellite data using local cloud fields Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-23 Swathi Maratt Satheesan, Kai-Uwe Eichmann, John P. Burrows, Mark Weber, Ryan Stauffer, Anne M. Thompson, Debra Kollonige
Abstract. We present the CHORA (Cloud Height Ozone Reference Algorithm) algorithm for retrieving tropospheric ozone columns from S5P/TROPOMI. The method uses a local cloud reference sector (CLC, CHORA Local Cloud) to determine the stratospheric (above cloud) column, which is subtracted from the total column in clear-sky scenes in the same zonal band to retrieve the tropospheric column. The standard
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Global evaluation of fast radiative transfer model coefficients for early meteorological satellite sensors Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Bruna Barbosa Silveira, Emma Catherine Turner, Jérôme Vidot
Abstract. RTTOV (the Radiative Transfer for TOVS code, where TOVS is the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder) coefficients are evaluated using a large, independent dataset of 25 000 atmospheric model profiles as a robust test of the diverse 83 training profiles typically used. The study is carried out for nine historical satellite instruments: the InfraRed Interferometer Spectrometer D (IRIS-D), Satellite
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A novel probabilistic source apportionment approach: Bayesian auto-correlated matrix factorization Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Anton Rusanen, Anton Björklund, Manousos I. Manousakas, Jianhui Jiang, Markku T. Kulmala, Kai Puolamäki, Kaspar R. Daellenbach
Abstract. The concentrations of atmospheric particulate matter and many of its constituents are temporally auto-correlated. However, this information has not been utilized in source apportionment methods. Here, we present a Bayesian matrix factorization model (BAMF) that considers the temporal auto-correlation of the components (sources) and provides a direct error estimation. The performance of BAMF
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Detection and long-term quantification of methane emissions from an active landfill Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Pramod Kumar, Christopher Caldow, Grégoire Broquet, Adil Shah, Olivier Laurent, Camille Yver-Kwok, Sebastien Ars, Sara Defratyka, Susan Warao Gichuki, Luc Lienhardt, Mathis Lozano, Jean-Daniel Paris, Felix Vogel, Caroline Bouchet, Elisa Allegrini, Robert Kelly, Catherine Juery, Philippe Ciais
Abstract. Landfills are a significant source of fugitive methane (CH4) emissions, which should be precisely and regularly monitored to reduce and mitigate net greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, we present long-term, in situ, near-surface, mobile atmospheric CH4 mole fraction measurements (complemented by meteorological measurements from a fixed station) from 21 campaigns that cover approximately
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A New Non-linearity Correction Method for Spectrum from GIIRS onboard Fengyun-4 Satellites and its Preliminary Assessments Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-22 Qiang Guo, Yuning Liu, Xin Wang, Wen Hui
Abstract. Non-linearity (NL) correction is a critical procedure to guarantee the calibration accuracy of a spaceborne sensor to approach a good level (i.e. better than 0.5 K). Unfortunately, such a NL correction is still unemployed in spectrum calibration of Geostationary Interferometric InfraRed Sounder (GIIRS) onboard Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) satellite. Different from the classical NL correction method
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Geometrical and optical properties of cirrus clouds in Barcelona, Spain: analysis with the two-way transmittance method of 4 years of lidar measurements Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Cristina Gil-Díaz, Michäel Sicard, Adolfo Comerón, Daniel Camilo Fortunato dos Santos Oliveira, Constantino Muñoz-Porcar, Alejandro Rodríguez-Gómez, Jasper R. Lewis, Ellsworth J. Welton, Simone Lolli
Abstract. In this paper a statistical study of cirrus geometrical and optical properties based on 4 years of continuous ground-based lidar measurements with the Barcelona (Spain) Micro Pulse Lidar (MPL) is analysed. First, a review of the literature on the two-way transmittance method is presented. This method is a well-known lidar inversion method used to retrieve the optical properties of an aerosol–cloud
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A traceable and continuous flow calibration method for gaseous elemental mercury at low ambient concentrations Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Teodor D. Andron, Warren T. Corns, Igor Živković, Saeed Waqar Ali, Sreekanth Vijayakumaran Nair, Milena Horvat
Abstract. The monitoring of low gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in the atmosphere requires continuous high-resolution measurements and corresponding calibration capabilities. Currently, continuous calibration for GEM is still an issue at ambient concentrations (1–2 ng m−3). This paper presents a continuous flow calibration for GEM, traceable to NIST 3133 Standard Reference Material (SRM)
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A Nitrate Ion Chemical Ionization Atmospheric Pressure interface Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (NO3− ToFCIMS): calibration and sensitivity study Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-20 Stéphanie Alage, Vincent Michoud, Sergio Harb, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Manuela Cirtog, Avinash Kumar, Matti Rissanen, Christopher Cantrell
Abstract. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a key role in tropospheric chemistry, giving rise to secondary products such as highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) and secondary organic aerosols (SOA). HOMs, a group of low-volatility gas-phase products, are formed through the autoxidation process of peroxy radicals (RO2) originating from the oxidation of VOCs. The measurement of HOMs is made
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Profiling the molecular destruction rates of temperature and humidity as well as the turbulent kinetic energy dissipation in the convective boundary layer Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Volker Wulfmeyer, Christoph Senff, Florian Späth, Andreas Behrendt, Diego Lange, Robert M. Banta, W. Alan Brewer, Andreas Wieser, David D. Turner
Abstract. A simultaneous deployment of Doppler, temperature, and water-vapor lidars is able to provide profiles of molecular destruction rates and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Horizontal wind profiles and profiles of vertical wind, temperature, and moisture fluctuations are combined, and transversal temporal autocovariance functions (ACFs) are determined
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Advantages of G-band radar in multi-frequency, liquid phase microphysical retrievals Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Benjamin Michael Courtier, Alessandro Battaglia, Kamil Mroz
Abstract. Radar based microphysical retrievals of cloud and droplet properties are vital for informing model parameterisations of clouds and precipitation but these retrievals often do not capture the details of small droplets in light rain or drizzle. A state-of-the-art G-band radar is used here to demonstrate improvements to microphysical retrievals in a case study featuring light rain. Improvements
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Improving the Gaussianity of Radar Reflectivity Departures between Observations and Simulations by Using the Symmetric Rain Rate Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Yudong Gao, Lidou Huyan, Zheng Wu, Bojun Liu
Abstract. Given that the Gaussianity of observation error distribution is the fundamental principle of some data assimilation and machine learning algorithms, the error structure of radar reflectivity becomes increasingly important with the development of high resolution forecasts and nowcasts of convective systems. This study examines the error distribution of radar reflectivity and discusses what
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A high-accuracy dynamic dilution method for generating reference gas mixtures of carbonyl sulfide at sub-nanomole-per-mole levels for long-term atmospheric observation Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Hideki Nara, Takuya Saito, Taku Umezawa, Yasunori Tohjima
Abstract. Atmospheric carbonyl sulfide (COS) has received increasing attention as a potential tracer for investigating the global carbon cycle. Owing to the irreversible photosynthetic absorption of COS, changes in the atmospheric COS mole fraction can be related to terrestrial gross primary production. However, the instability of COS in high-pressure cylinders has hampered the accurate determination
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High precision δ18O measurements of atmospheric dioxygen using optical-feedback cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (OF-CEAS) Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-19 Clément Piel, Daniele Romanini, Morgane Farradèche, Justin Chaillot, Clémence Paul, Nicolas Bienville, Thomas Lauwers, Joana Sauze, Kévin Jaulin, Frédéric Prié, Amaëlle Landais
Abstract. Atmospheric dioxygen concentration and isotopic composition are closely linked to the carbon cycle through anthropic CO2 emissions and biological processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. Measurement of isotopic ratio of atmospheric dioxygen, trapped in ice core bubbles, bring information about past variation in the hydrological cycle at low latitudes, as well as past productivity
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Bayesian Cloud Top Phase Determination for Meteosat Second Generation Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-15 Johanna Mayer, Luca Bugliaro, Bernhard Mayer, Dennis Piontek, Christiane Voigt
Abstract. A comprehensive understanding of cloud thermodynamic phase is crucial for assessing the cloud radiative effect and is a prerequisite for remote sensing retrievals of microphysical cloud properties. While previous algorithms mainly distinguished between ice and liquid phases, there is now a growing awareness for the need to further distinguish between warm liquid, supercooled and mixed phase
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Impacts of anemometer changes, site relocations and processing methods on wind speed trends in China Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Yi Liu, Lihong Zhou, Yingzuo Qin, Cesar Azorin-Molina, Cheng Shen, Rongrong Xu, Zhenzhong Zeng
Abstract. In situ surface wind observation is a critical meteorological data source for various research fields. However, data quality is affected by factors such as surface friction changes, station relocations and anemometer updates. Previous methods to address discontinuities have been insufficient, and processing methods have not always adhered to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Climate
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A method for estimating localized CO2 emissions from co-located satellite XCO2 and NO2 images Atmos. Meas. Tech. (IF 3.8) Pub Date : 2024-02-16 Blanca Fuentes Andrade, Michael Buchwitz, Maximilian Reuter, Heinrich Bovensmann, Andreas Richter, Hartmut Boesch, John P. Burrows
Abstract. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas. Its atmospheric concentration has increased by almost 50 % since the beginning of the industrial era, causing climate change. Fossil fuel combustion is responsible for most of the atmospheric CO2 increase, which originates to a large extent from localized sources such as power stations. Independent estimates of the emissions