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Calculation of aerosol particle hygroscopic properties from OPC derived PM2.5 data Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-02-28 Vasileios Savvakis, Martin Schön, Matteo Bramati, Jens Bange, Andreas Platis
Hygroscopic growth of aerosol particles due to increasing relative humidity in the atmosphere is characterized by their hygroscopicity parameter κ and their hygroscopic growth factor GF. A technique to calculate the two using PM2.5 data from two optical counting sensors is examined. Only one of the two instruments is equipped with a drying channel, and therefore differences between ambient and dry
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Assessment of the quality of measurements from selected amateur rain gauges Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Grzegorz Urban, Michał K. Kowalewski, Jakub Sawicki, Krzysztof Borowiecki
At the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (the Polish acronym: IMGW-PIB), experimental parallel measurements of daily precipitation totals were carried out from August 2021 – September 2022. Measurements were made with 5 types of amateur rain gauges (A – CliMET CM1016; B – TFA Dostmann 47.1008; C – TFA Dostmann 47.1000; D – Davis 6466 AeroCone Rain Collector;
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Contrail formation and persistence conditions for alternative fuels Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Sina Hofer, Klaus Gierens, Susanne Rohs
In order to counteract global warming, the European Green Deal was made to improve the journey to a sustainable future. This also has an impact on aviation, because in the future the growth in air traffic must no longer lead to rising emissions, but even all aviation CO2 emissions have to be reduced to zero to achieve the goal of climate-neutral aviation by 2050. There are several approaches for new
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Volatile contributions to aviation nvPM: a mass spectrometric analysis of nvPM emissions Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Z. Yu, R.C. Miake-Lye
Certification standards for non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions from aircraft engines have recently been adopted by ICAO as the CAEP10 standard in 2016 and the CAEP11 standard in 2019. The measurements of the nvPM levels are prescribed in ICAO (2019) and SAE documents (2021). The measurement system specifications are designed to minimize the volatile contributions to the measured nvPM
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Application of a climate impact evaluation methodology to compare turboprop and jet aircraft Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Fulya Keles, Oliver Weiss, Regina Pouzolz
In order to design aircraft for minimum impact on climate, appropriate evaluation tools must be integrated early in the aircraft design loop and account for both CO2 and non‑CO2 effects. This paper evaluates the impact of CO2, NOx emissions, and contrail formation from turboprops (D328 and D328eco) compared to jets (A320, ERJ135) using such simplified evaluation tools, namely the climate response models
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Simulation Study on the Autumn Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) in 10.5 Days over the South China Sea: Microphysical Characteristics and latent heat budget Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Zixi Ruan, Jiangnan Li, Fangzhou Li, Wenshi Lin
This paper presents a cloud-resolving simulation of the autumn Super Typhoon Mangkhut (2018) in 10.5 days in the South China Sea using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model Version 4.1 (WRFV4.1). The sensitivity of tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity to the planetary boundary Layer (PBL) and cloud microphysics (MP) scheme was evaluated. A combination of Quasi-normal Scale Elimination (QNSE)
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Lifetime nowcasting of thunderstorms over Germany using a multi-source data-based fuzzy-logic approach Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Isabella Zöbisch, Tobias Zinner, Kathrin Wapler
Due to technical progress in sensor technology and computer power, observation and model data are operationally available today with a high spatial and temporal resolution, suitable for thunderstorm detection and prediction. However, nowcasting the remaining lifetime of an observed thunderstorm is still a challenge to date. To improve nowcasting of deep convective cells, we developed the algorithm
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A machine learning approach on the investigation of the scale dependent relation of CAPE and precipitation Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Annette Rudolph, Peter Névir
The temporal and spatial scale dependent relation of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and precipitation is investigated. Using the COSMO-REA6 data set, we ask which of the standard machine learning algorithms: perceptron, support vector machine, decision tree, random forest, k-nearest neighbor and a simple kept deep neural network algorithm can best relate these two variables. Then, we
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Towards higher accuracy in wind farm deficit decay modelling – a comparison Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Moritz Mauz, Stefan Emeis, Frederick Hoeckh, Bram van Kesteren, Andreas Platis, Jens Bange
Wind farm wake behaviour and forecasting is gaining the importance recently. It is especially relevant in the German Bight where space for wind farm clusters is limited, and wind farm wake lengths of up to 60 km have been measured. In this investigation newly proposed simple wind farm far-field recovery analytical wake model called SWIFFR is compared to the analytical EFFWAKE ( Emeis, 2010) (Efficiency
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Thermal loads in two different urban quarters – perspectives from mobile measurements and mental maps Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-12-05 Uta Moderow, Astrid Ziemann, Valeri Goldberg, Heidi Sinning
The fact that different urban structures have different climatic effects and therefore differ in their thermal loads for people is well known. However, there is a lack of quantitative and qualitative surveys in specific districts that are suitable to derive accepted adaptation measures. This paper addresses the research questions where thermally stressed areas in public space are identified by mobile
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How can the transition from conventional to automatic measurements affect the climatological normals? – A case study from an alpine meteorological observatory at Skalnaté Pleso, Slovakia Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Veronika Lukasová, Anna Buchholcerová, Milan Onderka, Svetlana Bičárová, Dušan Bilčík, Pavol Nejedlík
Harmonizing automatic with conventional meteorological measurements is essential to ensure continuity and homogeneity of long-term climate observations when considering the transition from manual (conventional) to automatic measurement regimes. In this paper, we analysed climate datasets from Skalnaté Pleso Observatory (1778 m a.s.l.), situated at an alpine treeline ecotone of the High Tatra Mts. (Western
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Performance of large-eddy simulations for capturing low-level wind shear at the Hong Kong International Airport for a whole wind-shear (spring) season Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 P.W. Chan, K.K. Lai, Q.S. Li
The wind-shear reports from pilots from a particular springtime wind-shear season at the Hong Kong International Airport, namely, January to April 2021, are considered in order to study the performance of a meteorological model in large-eddy simulations in capturing the low-level wind shear and turbulent flow under a variety of weather conditions. It could be seen that, from a statistical comparison
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Is it foehn or sea breeze? Eulerian and Lagrangian analysis of the flow in the Jordan Valley Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Tobia Lezuo, Lukas Jansing, Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein, Michael Sprenger
For more than one century, the penetration of the Mediterranean Sea Breeze into the Jordan Valley has been studied. At times, the associated downslope westerlies in the Dead Sea area exhibit foehn characteristics, leading to a warming and drying upon arrival and therefore contradicting the typical characteristics of a sea breeze. In this paper, a particular summer day (16 August 2014) is analyzed using
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Spatial scaling of extreme rainfall from radar QPE in Germany Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-10-16 Judith Marie Pöschmann, Rico Kronenberg, Christian Bernhofer
The study analyses 19 years of hourly quantitative precipitation estimates (RADKLIM-RW) concerning the spatial scaling behaviour of extreme rainfall for Germany as well as general heavy rainfall patterns. Four regions with the same size of 256 km × 256 km were selected with varying characteristics. For each region, spatial rainfall maxima for different aggregation steps with box length of 2, 4, 8,
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Analysis of the different faces of a nocturnal urban heat island Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Günter Gross
The measurements of an urban-rural observation network in Hannover obtained over almost four years were used to analyse a canopy layer urban heat island (UHIUCL). Especially during the summer months, the UHIUCL was pronounced on numerous nights with maximum values of more than 6 K. We have demonstrated that the choice of rural reference station is important to describe a UHIUCL in detail. The time
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Contrasting temporal dynamics of methane and carbon dioxide emissions from a eutrophic reservoir detected by eddy covariance measurements Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Uwe Spank, Christian Bernhofer, Matthias Mauder, Philipp S. Keller, Matthias Koschorreck
Inland waters are an import source of greenhouse gases for the atmosphere. In particular, the emissions of methane from lakes and reservoirs are suspected of almost offsetting the terrestrial carbon sink. However, the estimates found in the literature are subject to large uncertainties due to both missing data and methodological limitations. In particular, there is a gap of observations in the temperate
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Observed temperature trends in Germany: Current status and communication tools Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-18 Frank Kaspar, Karsten Friedrich, Florian Imbery
Germany's national meteorological service (Deutscher Wetterdienst) is responsible for monitoring climate and climate change in Germany. Regional mean temperatures for Germany since 1881 are derived from the measurements of the station network on a monthly basis. Here, we discuss methodologies to assess the temperature trend, compare it with the global trends and present an overview on tools that are
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Actual versus geostrophic wind: statistics from 12‑year measurements at the 280 m high Hamburg Weather Mast Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Burghard Brümmer
The geostrophic wind, representing the horizontal pressure gradient as driving force of motion, is often taken as a first guess of the actual wind. There is, however no fixed relation between them but depends on various influencing factors. How good is this first guess i.e. to which extent do these factors change the actual versus geostrophic wind relation? A 12‑year set of six-hourly (00, 06, 12,
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Evaluating Bunkers' storm motion of hail-producing supercells and their storm-relative helicity in Germany Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Mathis Tonn, Jannik Wilhelm, Michael Kunz
This paper presents a statistical analysis of the motion of hail-producing supercells in Germany based on data from a radar-based cell detection and tracking algorithm and a mesocyclone detection algorithm. The parameterization of supercell motion by Bunkers et al. (2000), originally developed using storm data from the United States, is evaluated regarding its applicability in Central Europe, where
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Coastal horizontal wind speed gradients in the North Sea based on observations and ERA5 reanalysis data Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Beatriz Cañadillas, Shuhan Wang, Yasmin Ahlert, Bughsin' Djath, Mares Barekzai, Richard Foreman, Astrid Lampert
The transition from land to sea affects the wind field in coastal regions. From the perspective of near-coastal offshore wind farms, the coastal transition complicates the task of energy resource assessment by, for example, introducing non-homogeneity into the free wind field. To help elucidate the matter, we quantify the average horizontal wind speed gradients at progressively increasing distances
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Influence of data uncertainty on cold season threshold-based climate indices Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Louisa Marie Bell, K. Heinke Schlünzen, Kevin Sieck
Climate indices are used to reduce the complex climate system and its changes to simple measures. The data basis – whether observational data or climate model data – to which the climate indices are applied, is usually subject to uncertainties. For threshold-based climate indices, the data uncertainty influences the threshold value, and, hence, the uncertainty can influence the values for the climate
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Linkages between Arctic and Mid-Latitude Weather and Climate: Unraveling the Impact of Changing Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperatures during Winter Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-09-11 Ralf Jaiser, M. Akperov, A. Timazhev, E. Romanowsky, D. Handorf, I.I. Mokhov
The study addresses the question, if observed changes in terms of Arctic-midlatitude linkages during winter are driven by Arctic Sea ice decline alone or if the increase of global sea surface temperatures plays an additional role. We compare atmosphere-only model experiments with ECHAM6 to ERA-Interim Reanalysis data. The model sensitivity experiment is implemented as a set of four combinations of
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A tribute to Peter Hupfer's 90th birthday Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Thomas Foken, Klaus Dethloff, Dietrich Spänkuch, Birger Tinz, Michael Börngen
The development of science in the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) experienced some disruptions with the reunification of Germany. Nevertheless, it was possible to maintain a certain continuity in climate research, which can be seen as a personal merit of Prof. Dr. Peter Hupfer. The development of climate research from the 1950s to the present and his part in it will be acknowledged in the present
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Toward reliable model-based soil moisture estimates for forest managers Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Luong Thanh Thi, Ivan Vorobevskii, Rico Kronenberg, Frank Jacob, Alexander Peters, Rainer Petzold, Henning Andreae
The study presents a daily water balance model with a focus on quantifying drought intensity and duration in different forest stands within the Level II monitoring sites in Saxony. The model requires climatic data input and various site and stand parameters, which mostly have physical meaning and can be measured. We estimated the van Genuchten soil parameters of the model by different pedotransfer
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Recent hot and dry summers in Germany in comparison to climate projections Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Kelly Stanley, Nora Leps, Stephanie Hänsel, Lara Klippel, Florian Imbery, Andreas Walter
This study investigates whether the recent extremely hot and dry summers (2003, 2015, 2018 and 2019) in Germany will be normal summer conditions under future climate change scenarios. Abnormally persistent high-pressure systems during these recent German summers maintained clear skies and dry conditions on the ground, resulting in record-breaking heat and drought conditions. Here, climate indices are
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Convection-permitting climate simulations with COSMO-CLM for Germany: Analysis of present and future daily and sub-daily extreme precipitation Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-07-04 Harald Rybka, Michael Haller, Susanne Brienen, Jennifer Brauch, Barbara Früh, Thomas Junghänel, Katharina Lengfeld, Andreas Walter, Tanja Winterrath
Extreme precipitation has the potential to induce flash floods, causing severe damage on infrastructure at the local to regional scale. Simulating the most extreme rainfall intensities is still very challenging and highly uncertain under climate change. A convection-permitting regional climate model is used to estimate return levels dependent on the rainfall duration and return period for Germany.
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Characteristics and phenomena of the urban climate Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Wilhelm Kuttler, Stephan Weber
The urban climate is a modified boundary layer climate that is directly and indirectly influenced by anthropogenic activity and characterized by phenomena such as urban warming, reduced evapotranspiration, and increased emission of pollutants. As more than half of the global population is urban and the impacts of climate change will increase pressure on cities, a thorough understanding of the urban
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The footprint of heat waves and dry spells in the urban climate of Würzburg, Germany, deduced from a continuous measurement campaign during the anomalously warm years 2018–2020 Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Christian Hartmann, Astrid Moser-Reischl, Mohammad A. Rahman, Eleonora Franceschi, Miriam von Strachwitz, Stephan Pauleit, Hans Pretzsch, Thomas Rötzer, Heiko Paeth
The present study contributes to the issue of the urban heat island (UHI) effect with its possibly associated thermal stress for city dwellers and its potential mitigation during heat waves and dry spells in Central Europe. It is based on meteorological measurements along an urban transect in the city of Würzburg, Germany. Due to its topographic and structural situation, Würzburg is prone to an intense
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Rising solar and thermal greenhouse radiation drive rapid warming over continents Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Rolf Philipona, Christoph Marty, Bruno Duerr, Atsumu Ohmura
Rising anthropogenic greenhouse gases, such as CO2, CH4, N2O and others, are known to absorb and emit terrestrial thermal radiation back to the Earth's surface, leading to radiative forcing and rising surface temperatures. Nonetheless, radiation measurements now show that the rapid increase in temperature over continents since the end of the last century, which is more than twice as large as the average
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Modelling the heterogeneity of rain in an urban neighbourhood with an obstacle-resolving model Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2023-06-26 Karolin S. Ferner, Marita Boettcher, K. Heinke Schlünzen
Building induced winds change the falling of rain, leading to heterogeneous patterns of rain on ground and on building surfaces. These rain heterogeneities also occur in small urban scales like an urban neighbourhood, which covers an area of a few km2. For the investigation of rain heterogeneities within an urban neighbourhood the micro-scale, obstacle-resolving model MITRAS is used, which employs
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Conference Report: Fourth European Nowcasting Conference Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-12 Franziska Schmid, Solfrid Agersten, Luis Bañon, Matteo Buzzi, Aitor Atencia, Estelle de Coning, Alexander Kann, Stephen Moseley, Maarten Reyniers, Yong Wang, Kathrin Wapler
The fourth European Nowcasting Conference took place as an online event from 21 to 24 March 2022, organized by the EUMETNET (European National Meteorological and Hydrological Services Network) Nowcasting Program (E‑NWC), and kindly supported by EUMETCAL (EUMETNET Education and Training Collaborative Network of the National Meteorological Services within Europe). More than 110 participants attended
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Publication of Atmospheric Model Data using the ATMODAT Standard Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Anette Ganske, Angelika Heil, Andrea Lammert, Jan Kretzschmar, Johannes Quaas
Scientific data should be published in a way so that other scientists can benefit from these data, enabling further research. The FAIR Data Principles are defining the basic prerequisite for a good data publication: data should be Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable. Increasingly, research communities are developing discipline-specific data publication standards under consideration of
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Influence of Two Types of Planetary Boundary Layer Schemes on the Intensity of Typhoon Rammasun (2014) Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Chenghui Ding, Jiangnan Li, Wen Feng
The Weather Research and Forecasting model was adopted to perform simulations of Typhoon (TC) Rammasun (2014). Two local (QNSE and MYJ) and two nonlocal (GFS and ACM2) closure planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes were selected to perform four groups of simulation tests. (1) PBL schemes have a minor influence on the TC track but exert a major influence on both the intensity and structure of the TC
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Climate regionalization using objective multivariate clustering methods and characterization of climatic regions in Ethiopia Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-09 Markos Budusa Ware, Paolo Mori, Kirsten Warrach-Sagi, Mark Jury, Thomas Schwitalla, Kinfe Hailemariam Beyene, Volker Wulfmeyer
Objective climate regionalization is essential in environmental and climate studies, particularly over regions with complex terrain and meteorological conditions. The aim of this study was to define and characterize homogenous climatic regions over Ethiopia using a combination of principal component analysis (PCA) and K‑means clustering as well as PCA and Ward's clustering. We used Climate Hazards
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150 Years: The Leipzig Meteorological Conference, 1872, a Milestone in International Meteorological Cooperation Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Michael Börngen, Thomas Foken
One hundred and fifty years ago, a meteorological conference was held in Leipzig as part of the anniversary meeting of the Society of German Natural Scientists and Physicians (Gesellschaft Deutscher Naturforscher und Ärzte), founded in Leipzig in 1822. This meeting, intended as a preparatory meeting for the 1st International Meteorological Congress held in Vienna a year later, ultimately laid the foundation
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Evaluation of satellite-based (CHIRPS and GPM) and reanalysis (ERA5-Land) precipitation estimates over Eritrea Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Mussie Fessehaye, Jörg Franke, Stefan Brönnimann
Availability of long-term and spatially high-resolution precipitation data is important for sustainable water resource management, drought monitoring and hydrological analysis. In Eritrea, in‑situ precipitation measurements are too sparse to represent the highly variable rainfall on the ground. Thus, as alternative data sources, satellite-based (CHIRPS and GPM) and reanalysis (ERA5-Land) products were
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Dynamic modelling of extreme daily precipitation in Germany from 1951 to 2020 Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Joanna Czarnowska, Bogdan Bochenek
It is important to analyse long-term changes in heavy precipitation but current risk management requires more dynamic and reliable forecasting of changes in the right tail of precipitation distributions in shorter periods of time. Robust prediction of high quantiles, for one year ahead, may be very useful in current risk management. We study the predictive reliability of models based on 30‑year rolling-window
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Analysis of significant tornado events in Central Europe: synoptic situation and convective development Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Kathrin Wapler, Marcus Beyer
Tornadic storms with a tornado intensity of F2 or stronger on the Fujita scale that occurred in recent years (between 2013 and 2020) in Germany were analysed in detail. The 20 tornadoes, which developed on 17 different days, occurred in various parts of Germany. The majority of the analysed tornadoes occurred from May to early September. The other four events are typical cold-season cases that differ
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A Climatic water balance variability during the growing season in Poland in the context of modern climate change Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-12-08 Grzegorz Urban, Leszek Kuchar, Małgorzata Kępińska-Kasprzak, Edward Z. Łaszyca
This paper characterizes temporal and spatial changes of humidity in Poland during April–September in 1981–2020 and its decades. For this purpose, absolute values of climatic water balance (PEI) and its standardized values (SPEI) were used, based on data from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management – National Research Institute (IMWM‑NRI). The PEI component, potential evaporation, was calculated
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An Autarkic Wireless Sensor Network to Monitor Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Yann Georg Büchau, Bram van Kesteren, Andreas Platis, Jens Bange
In this study an autarkic low-cost wireless network infrastructure suitable for areas spanning a couple of hectares is introduced. Open source hard- and software components make up the infrastructure's core, rendering it very scalable in terms of cost and deployment density. The network is designed to operate continuously throughout the year in a wide range of weather conditions.Four different embedded
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Simulation of building-induced airflow disturbances in complex terrain using meteorological-CFD coupled model Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 K.W. Lo, K.K. Hon, P.W. Chan, L. Li, Q.S. Li
Tiny anticyclonic vortices have been observed at the arrival runway corridor to the east of the central runway of the Hong Kong International Airport many times. However, it is not sure about the cause of such vortices. In this paper, a meteorological model is coupled with a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model in high spatial resolution in an attempt to simulate such vortices. The performance
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Coastal impacts on offshore wind farms – a review focussing on the German Bight area Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Johannes Schulz-Stellenfleth, Stefan Emeis, Martin Dörenkämper, Jens Bange, Beatriz Cañadillas, Thomas Neumann, Jörge Schneemann, Ines Weber, Kjell zum Berge, Andreas Platis, Bughsin' Djath, Julia Gottschall, Lukas Vollmer, Thomas Rausch, Mares Barekzai, Johannes Hammel, Gerald Steinfeld, Astrid Lampert
The atmospheric boundary layer experiences multiple changes in coastal regions, especially with wind directions from land towards the sea, where the wind speed usually increases due to the smaller roughness of the ocean surface. These effects are of particular relevance for offshore wind energy utilization; they are summarized under the term coastal effects. This paper provides an overview of coastal
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Temporal trends of daily extreme temperature indices in North-Central Mexico Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-10-13 Osias Ruiz-Alvarez, Arturo Corrales-Suastegui, Petr Štěpánek, Ales Farda, Ronald Ernesto Ontiveros Capurata, Arturo Reyes-González, Roberto Reynoso-Santos, Jesus Manuel Ochoa-Rivero, Vijay P. Singh
A temporal trend analysis of weather variables is needed for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies to climate change. The objective of this work was to study temporal trends of 17 extreme temperature indices in North-Central Mexico (NCM). We used daily observations of maximum and minimum temperatures from 127 weather stations for 34 years (1980–2013). The extreme temperature indices were
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An empirical study of near-surface air temperature time lags and delay function during the longest total solar eclipse of the 21st century at Tianhuangping (Zhejiang), China, under cloudy conditions Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Marcos A. Peñaloza-Murillo, Michael T. Roman, Jay M. Pasachoff, Abouazza Elmhamdi
Among the different ways that the solar heating of the Earth's surface can be interrupted, the most impressive is by a solar eclipse. While the solar radiation drops rapidly, the near-surface air temperature responds more gradually, typically reaching a minimum several minutes after the total phase of the eclipse; therefore, the response of the terrestrial temperature is not instantaneous: there is
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Eddy covariance observations and FAO Penman-Monteith modelling of evapotranspiration over a heterogeneous farmland area Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Mariusz Siedlecki, Włodzimierz Pawlak, Krzysztof Fortuniak
This work presents the characteristics of actual evapotranspiration obtained using the eddy covariance method and a comparison with the results of crop reference evapotranspiration determined based on the FAO‑56 Penman-Monteith formula. The results of measurements performed under conditions typical of Central and Southern Poland's agricultural landscape cover the years 2012–2019. The characteristics
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Climate services in support of climate change impact analyses for the German inland transportation system Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Stephanie Hänsel, Christoph Brendel, Michael Haller, Stefan Krähenmann, Christène S. Razafimaharo, Kelly Stanley, Susanne Brienen, Thomas Deutschländer, Monika Rauthe, Andreas Walter
Climate change and extreme weather events are an increasing challenge for society and the economy, including the transport sector. A sustainable and resilient transportation system therefore requires information on the temporal and spatial pattern of risks induced by climate change and the assessment of resulting vulnerabilities. Such analyses in the past were usually made separately for each mode
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The Karlsruhe temperature time series since 1779 Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-30 Michael Kunz, Christoph Kottmeier, Wolfgang Lähne, Ingo Bertram, Christian Ehmann
This paper presents the long-term Karlsruhe temperature series re-digitized and reconstructed from handwritten manuscripts from 1779 to 1875 archived in various libraries. Despite great efforts, data from some periods remained missing in the manuscript departments so that the main Karlsruhe series remained partially fragmented. Combined with historic climate records available in the archive of German
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Observing the pre-convective environment and convection initiation with Doppler Lidar and cloud radar in the Al Hajar Mountains of the United Arab Emirates Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Oliver Branch, Andreas Behrendt, Osama Alnayef, Florian Späth, Thomas Schwitalla, Marouane Temimi, Michael Weston, Sufian Farrah, Omar Al Yazeedi, Siddharth Tampi, Karel de Waal, Volker Wulfmeyer
In this study, we present multi-season measurements from a remote mountain peak observatory in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). During the campaign, Doppler lidar and cloud radar were employed using coordinated scan patterns, to study seedable convective clouds, and identify pre-convection initiation clear-air signatures. The instruments were employed for approximately two years in an extreme environment
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Intercomparison and combination of low-cost urban air temperature measurement approaches Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Lukas Meyer, Moritz Gubler, Fred Meier, Stefan Brönnimann
Measurements of urban air temperatures (Tair$T_{\text{air}}$) are vital to successful adaptation and mitigation policies to increasing urban heat stress. However, in-situ measurements in cities are often scarce and costly, and therefore low-cost approaches are increasingly used to study urban Tair$T_{\text{air}}$. This allows for inexpensive, yet still highly spatially and temporally resolved observations
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A wind atlas for Germany and the effect of remodeling Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Martin Schneider, André Glücksmann, Anselm Grötzner, Heinz-Theo Mengelkamp
Minimizing and quantifying the uncertainty of wind simulations are essential for the wind energy industry during the planning phase of wind farm projects and for financial considerations. Measurements at 118 sites onshore and offshore in Germany are analyzed and used for the verification of wind simulations with the mesoscale model WRF. In order to minimize the difference between simulations and observations
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Impact of higher-resolved satellite-based land cover classification on near surface wind speed forecasts Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Frank Baier, Annekatrin Metz-Marconcini, Thomas Esch, Marion Schroedter-Homscheidt
Within the project “LandCover4Wind”, we investigate the potential for improving 24 h mesoscale wind speed forecasts at altitudes of interest for wind energy applications by using different high-resolution satellite-based land cover maps such as the Global Land Cover Characterization (GLCC) from the US Geological Survey (USGS), MODIS collection 5 dataset (MODIS LCC), and the European CORINE Land Cover
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Reconstruction of annual mean wind speed statistics at 100 m height of FINO1 and FINO2 masts with reanalyses and the geostrophic wind Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-06-22 Philine Podein, Birger Tinz, Richard Blender, Tobias Detels
This study deals with the reconstruction of wind speed from reanalyses and the geostrophic wind in the German Bight (FINO1) and the Western Baltic Sea (FINO2). The reconstruction is done with the help of a linear regression based on correlations between measurements and reanalyses. The data are the datasets of the FINO1 and FINO2 stations at 100 m height from the Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency
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Multi-year cloud and precipitation statistics observed with remote sensors at the high-altitude Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus in the German Alps Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Stefan Kneifel, Bernhard Pospichal, Leonie von Terzi, Tobias Zinner, Matjaž Puh, Martin Hagen, Bernhard Mayer, Ulrich Löhnert, Susanne Crewell
Clouds and precipitation over mountainous terrain are a challenge for models and observations alike. In this study, we exploit a unique, nearly one decade long dataset of collocated microwave radiometer, radar, ceilometer, and auxiliary observations collected at the Environmental Research Station Schneefernerhaus (UFS). Located at 2650 m a.s.l. just 300 m below the summit of Zugspitze, Germany's highest
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Climate changes and their impact on selected sectors of the Polish-Saxon border region under RCP8.5 scenario conditions Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Bartłomiej Miszuk, Mariusz Adynkiewicz-Piragas, Agnieszka Kolanek, Iwona Lejcuś, Iwona Zdralewicz, Marzenna Strońska
Climate changes are one of the most important factors affecting various spectra of the human activity and natural environment. They can significantly impact technical infrastructure, modify structures of cultivation, and have an influence on species structure. Furthermore, some of the changes may also negatively affect the human organism which consequently influence health and tourism issues. The region
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Estimation of mean radiant temperature in cities using an urban parameterization and building energy model within a mesoscale atmospheric model Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Luxi Jin, Sebastian Schubert, Daniel Fenner, Mohamed Hefny Salim, Christoph Schneider
During daylight hours, the mean radiant temperature T mrt $T_{\text{mrt}}$ is one of the most important meteorological parameters to analyse heat stress for humans. This study conducts a spatio-temporal analysis of T mrt $T_{\text{mrt}}$ for a summer period in 2018 for the city of Berlin, Germany. To this end, the mesoscale climate model COSMO-CLM (CCLM) is coupled with the urban Double Canyon Effect
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Lidar-based minute-scale offshore wind speed forecasts analysed under different atmospheric conditions Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Frauke Theuer, Marijn Floris van Dooren, Lueder von Bremen, Martin Kühn
In recent years, the potential of remote sensing-based minute-scale forecasts to improve the integration of wind power into our energy system has been shown. In lidar-based forecasts, the wind speed is extrapolated from the measuring to the forecast height, i.e. the wind turbines' hub height, by assuming a stability-corrected logarithmic wind profile. The objective of this paper is the significant
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Turbulence intensity footprints of built and natural environment as measured by anemometers at Hong Kong International Airport Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2022-02-03 Henk W. Krüs, Kai Kwong Hon, Pak Wai Chan
Terrain and building-induced low-level turbulence is studied in this paper. Data from six anemometers, respectively along the North and South Runways of Hong Kong International Airport, are analysed over the period of 2012 to 2018. From this data the recorded turbulence intensities have been computed and the footprints plotted. A joint analysis of the turbulence footprints together with the surrounding
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Observation and numerical simulation of a dust devil at the Hong Kong International Airport Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Pak Wai Chan, Q.S. Li
A dust devil was first observed in Hong Kong at the airport in 2021. This paper documents the meteorological conditions under which the dust devil occurred. The dust devil shows up nicely in the plan position indicator scans of a Doppler Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) system. The dust devil was found to be associated with a tiny vortex at the convergence line between the background northerly and
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Using satellite data for assessing spatiotemporal variability and complementarity of solar resources – a case study from Germany Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Hein Dieter Behr, Christopher Jung, Jörg Trentmann, Dirk Schindler
The integration of solar energy into Germany's energy mix has multiplied over the last two decades. Therefore, it becomes increasingly important to quantify the spatiotemporal variations of solar energy to efficiently promote photovoltaic systems’ spatial spreading and strengthen the stability of power grids. Only comprehensive information on surface incoming solar radiation's long-term small-scale
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Comparison of Cloud Motion Vector Profiles Derived from Ground-Based Hemispheric Stereocameras to Wind-Lidar Observations Meteorol. Z. (IF 1.2) Pub Date : 2021-12-10 Christoph Beekmans, Jan Schween, Martin Lennefer, Clemens Simmer
Ground-based sky imagers have become a valuable tool for cloud monitoring as they allow to observe the local sky in great detail due to their temporally and spatially high-resolution imagery. Set up in pairs, they can be used to estimate both cloud geometry and motion. While considerable effort is currently devoted to their use for cloud shadow forecasting and short-term prediction of solar irradiance